说起警察，很多人都会想到忠于职守、无私奉献、公正执法。但说起监狱警察，可能很多人并不了解他们的工作性质。其实，他们与囚犯的关系并不像人们想象的那种横眉冷对的状况，更多的时候，就像老师对学生、父母对子女、医生对病人。但监狱作为一个相对封闭的环境，军事化的管理和高度戒备的状态，使监狱警察长期处在一种谨慎和紧张的状态；封闭的环境和单调的交往，直接影响其认知方式和思维观念，使他们易产生心理问题；物质待遇差、社会地位低，少数狱警容易受金钱和物质利益的驱动，法制意识淡薄，导致失职渎职。有监狱警察调侃说，在这个大牢笼里，囚犯有期，警察无期。

Speaking of the police,A lot of people will think of loyal to their duties/Selfless dedication/Fair law enforcement.But speaking of prison police,Maybe a lot of people do not understand their nature of work.In fact,They and the prisoner's relationship is not as people think that defy situation,More time,Be like a teacher to the student/Parents of children/The doctor to the patient.But prison as a relatively closed environment,Militarized management and the state of alert,Leaving the prison police in a long-term care and stressful;Closed environment and monotonic relationship,Directly affect the cognitive style and thought idea,Make them easy to produce psychological problems;Material treatment difference/Low social status,A few guard vulnerable to money and material interests drive,Legal consciousness,Lead to dereliction of duty.A prison police light,In this prison cage,Prisoner shall,The police life.

　　针对这一情况，不久前，重庆市南岸区政协组织部分政协委员对重庆市监狱系统警察队伍心理情况进行了调研。

In view of this situation,Not long ago,Chongqing nanan distract political consultative conference organization part of chongqing city political consultative conference (CPPCC) prison system police team psychological situation investigation.

　　心理压力过大、心情压抑困扰一线狱警 Psychological stress/Depressed trouble a line guard

　　调研中发现，部分一线狱警患有心理压力大、身心疲惫、精神高度紧张、神经过敏、疲劳综合征、失眠多梦、心情压抑、烦躁不安等精神、心理方面的问题，从而导致头痛、背痛、肌肉酸痛、神经衰弱、胃肠道疾病等。

Research found that,Part of a line guard with psychological pressure/Exhaustion of body and mind/The spirit of high tension/nervousness/Fatigue syndrome/insomnia/depressed/Dysphoria and spirit/Psychological problems,Causing headaches/Back pain/Muscle pain/neurasthenia/Gastrointestinal diseases.

　　据监狱警察反映，他们的心理压力主要来自三个方面:

According to the prison police reflect,Their psychological pressure mainly from three aspects:

　　一是环境压力。即所处的工作环境，这也是最根本的压力。监狱警察的工作对象是最集中、最典型反映社会阴暗面的罪犯群体，工作环境仅局限在高墙之内，工作任务对抗性强、危险性高。长年与罪犯面对面，要了解其犯罪史、案情，要触及其思想、灵魂，时刻处于阴暗氛围之中，容易形成负性心境。改造罪犯的宗旨要靠对罪犯日常生活、劳动管理的方方面面来体现，全天候、极具危险性和责任的管理对狱警的压力较大。监狱警察角色复杂化，往往集管教、教育与生产等多种角色于一身，直接造成一线警察“8小时待遇，12小时工作量，24小时责任”。

One is the environment pressure.Namely in the work environment,This is the most fundamental pressure.Prison police work object is the most concentrated/The most typical reflect the social evils of the criminal group,Working environment is limited within the walls,Task strong antagonism/High risk.The elder and the criminal face to face,To understand the history of crime/case,To touch its thought/soul,Moment in the dark in the atmosphere,Easy to form negative mood.The purpose of criminal reform of criminals want to rely on daily life/All aspects of the labor management to reflect,all-weather/Most risk and responsibility for the management of large pressure guard.Prison police complicated role,Often set discipline/Education and production and so on many kinds of role at a suit,Direct cause a line the police"Eight hours treatment,12 hours workload,24 hour duty".

　　二是社会压力。监狱警察大多不愿对外人提起自己是狱警，而是笼统称为警察。社会上一些人认为狱警在监狱中处于绝对强势地位，生活和工作上也没有压力。然而，监狱警察自身生活和工作待遇仅处于中等水平，与人们所想象的状态并不符合，强烈的反差导致心理不平衡。一些监狱警察认为自己社会地位低，不如其他警种，属于“二等警察”，加上社会上有些人对监狱警察存有歧视和偏见，加剧狱警的心理失衡。对职业的困惑，对职业成就感、社会认同感的缺乏，很大程度上造成了监狱警察心理不健康。

The second is social pressure.Prison police most is not willing to mention their foreign people is guard,But general called the police.Some people think that the society in prison guard in the absolute dominant position,Life and work also have no pressure.however,Prison police their life and work only in the treatment of medium level,And what people think is not conform to the state,The strong contrast lead to psychological imbalance.Some of the prison police think his low social status,Launching than other,Belong to"Second-class police",With the society some people to prison police have discrimination and prejudice,Intensifying the guard psychological unbalance.To professional confusion,Professional achievement to/The lack of social identity,To a large extent caused the prison policemen's mental health.

　　三是家庭压力。由于监狱警察的工作是全天候性质的，集中上班、轮流放假，又经常加班加点。在工作和休息时间上不能与家人生活步调一致，形成事实上的聚少离多，因此常常遭受父母和妻儿的埋怨、误解，导致家庭不和，轻则吵架、分居，重则离婚；未婚的狱警也往往迫于工作的压力而难以找到伴侣。

The third is the family pressure.Due to the prison police work is all of nature,Concentrated work/Take turns off,And often work overtime.In the work and rest time with his family can't live in step,Formation in fact less together from many,So often suffer from parents and wife and children's complaints/misunderstanding,Lead to family feud,Light is quarrel/separation,Heavy divorce;Unmarried guards are also often are under the pressure of work and difficult to find a mate.

　　引入心理辅导课，为狱警创造一个纾解压力的环境 Introducing psychological tutorial,For the guard to create a relieve pressure environment

　　监狱警察是国家机器的重要组成部分，承担着改造罪犯、保障社会安定的职责，只有他们保持和调整好自己的心态，才能更好地管理服刑人员。为此，建议:

Prison police is an important part of state machine,Responsible for the criminals/Ensure the responsibilities of the social stability,Only they maintain and adjust their own state of mind,To better serve personnel management.therefore,Suggestion:

　　一、建立监狱系统心理辅导教育制度。建议一方面监狱管理局在所属各监狱系统定期引入心理或精神卫生专家开设辅导课，从心理健康概念、压力管理等方面对监狱警察进行减压专题讲座。消除每一工作阶段形成的负面情绪，使其不会因长时间的积累形成难以化解的心理创伤。心理辅导制度不仅适用于警察队伍，也可用作对在押犯人的教育帮助。另一方面，建议在监狱系统开展在职人员心理教育培训考核制度。监狱工作的职业特点和性质决定监狱警察这一主体应掌握心理学知识，应当把心理健康工作作为每年狱警培训考核的重要内容。通过心理学知识的普及，使他们掌握一些自助的、必要的调节方法。提高监狱警察自身的心理素质，增强心理调适能力，主动维护自己的心理健康，以充沛的精力、健康的心态去工作。此外，应建立心理档案，经常性地开展心理测试和评估，发现不良苗头，及时完善或纠正。

a/Establish the prison system counseling psychology education system.Suggestions on the one hand the prison administration in belong to the prison system regularly introducing psychological or mental health professionals to develop tutorial,From the mental health concept/Stress management of prison police decompression seminar.Eliminate each phase formation of negative emotions,Make it not for a long time accumulation formation is difficult to solve the psychological trauma.Psychological counselling system not only applicable to the police team,Can also be used against the education help inmates.On the other hand,Suggestions in the prison system to carry out on-the-job personnel psychological education training assessment system.Prison work professional feature and nature prison police this subject should grasp knowledge of psychology,The mental health work should be a year, guard the important content of training evaluation.Through the psychology knowledge popularization,Make them master some self-help/The necessary adjustment method.Improve the prison police their psychological quality,Enhance psychological adjustment ability,The initiative to maintain their own mental health,With abundant energy/A healthy state of mind to go to work.In addition,Shall establish psychological files,Regularly conduct psychological test and evaluation,Found bad symptom,Perfect or correct.

　　二、健全心理纾解环境和活动设施。建议统一在监狱设立心理疏导室，让警察人员在工作之余能够在这些场所放松心情，与同事以及领导进行交流和沟通，缓解在工作中产生的不良情绪及压力。如健心房、宣泄室、音乐治疗室等。同时，要积极完善文体娱乐环境，让在职警察保证充裕的娱乐时间，如设俱乐部、简易KTV等娱乐场所，开展全面健身活动，在监狱内定期开展文娱和健身活动，既可增强身体素质和文艺兴趣，从心理学角度讲，又是一种心理宣泄，有助于培养警察良好的个性、处世能力和人际关系。这些设施也可视情况用于对心理负担重的犯人进行心理疏导。同时，每个监狱都应有专职心理辅导员，努力培养角色相对单纯的专职狱警，减少“万金油”式的多重监狱警察。降低工作强度，减少心理冲突，促进监狱警察平衡心态，增加工作成就感。

two/Improve the psychological release environment and activity facilities.Suggestions in prison uniform set up psychological counseling room,Let the police personnel out of work in these places to relax,And his colleagues communicate and communication and leadership,Relief work in the adverse emotions and pressure.Such as heart strengthening room/Catharsis chamber/Music therapy room, etc.At the same time,To actively improve entertainment environment,Let on-the-job police guarantee plenty of entertainment time,As a club/Simple KTV entertainment such as,To carry out comprehensive fitness activities,In prison in regular to develop recreational and fitness activities,Not only can strengthen the body quality and literary interest,From a psychological point of view,It is a kind of psychological venting,To cultivate the police a good personality/The ability and interpersonal relationship.These facilities are visual condition for psychological burden prisoners for the psychological counseling.At the same time,Each prison should have professional psychological counselor,Cultivate role relative simple full-time guard,reduce"Tiger balm"Type of multiple prison police.Reduce the working strength,Reduce mental conflict,Promote the prison police balance state of mind,Increase job satisfaction.

　　三、完善监狱警察休假制度。目前各地狱警休假制度并不完全统一，多数是上4天班休息3天，但这个前提是排除节假日的。对于双休日和全民假日并没有照顾到大多数人，只能根据排班轮转。因此，这一制度有必要完善，应多体现人文关怀。在确保监狱警察个人收入与周边环境相适应的同时，应加强休假制度。休假是缓解工作压力和治愈精神伤痛的最有效的良方，可以将自己的心理状态调整到最佳，增强监狱警察队伍的战斗力。应着眼提升监狱管理的现代化程度，合理增加警力配置，调整班次，确保休息时间。此外，还可组织开展一些活动，为警察增加与社会和亲友接触的时间，多与亲人沟通，多与家人谈心、散步，进行有益的郊游和户外活动等。（钱伟弘）

three/Perfect prison police holiday system.The country at present guard holiday system is not uniform,Most is the four days of classes rest 3 days,But the premise is the holiday.For the weekend and national holiday did not care to most people,Only according to the scheduling rotary.so,This system is necessary to perfect,Should be embodied humanistic care.In prison police to ensure personal income and the surrounding environment at the same time,Should strengthen the holiday system.Vacation is to alleviate the pressure of work and heal the wounds of the spirit of the most effective strategy,Can take the psychological state of adjustment to the best,Enhance the combat effectiveness of prison police force.Should focus on the promotion of prison management modernization degree,Reasonable allocation of police force increase,Divisions adjustment,Ensure that rest time.In addition,Still can organize and carry out the activities,For police increase and social and friends contact time,Many relatives and communication,And family commune/walk,Are useful for an outing and outdoor activities.(QianWeiHong)