“瘦肉精”为何屡禁不绝？ "ractopamine"Why LvJinBuJue?

打破砂锅 Break sand pot

　　据上海食品药品监督局监测显示：近年来，牛的养殖过程中违禁添加 “瘦肉精”事件呈上升趋势。猪“瘦肉精”刚走，又来了牛“瘦肉精”。请关注——“瘦肉精”为何屡禁不绝？

According to the Shanghai food and drug supervision bureau monitoring display:In recent years,Cattle breeding process prohibited "ractopamine"Event shows ascendant trend.pig"ractopamine"Just go,Again cattle"ractopamine".Please pay attention to --"ractopamine"Why LvJinBuJue?

　　自“双汇健美猪”事件发生之后，农业部等相关部门已经加大了打击“瘦肉精”的力度，加强了动物卫生质量监管。但是，监测显示：近年来，在牛的养殖中违禁添加“瘦肉精”呈上升趋势。

since"Shuanghui strong and handsome pig"after,The ministry of agriculture and other related departments have increased the blow"ractopamine"dynamics,To strengthen the quality of animal health supervision.but,Monitoring shows that:In recent years,In the cow breeding prohibited"ractopamine"Shows ascendant trend.

对人体有很大影响 Has a great influence to the human body

　　“瘦肉精”是β-肾上腺能受体激动剂类化合物，包括16种物质，将这些药物添加到动物饲料里，可以促进动物瘦肉的生长，所以被俗称为“瘦肉精”。在我国最常见的是盐酸克伦特罗，莱克多巴胺等。

"ractopamine"Is beta adrenal can agonists compounds,Including 16 kinds of material,These drugs will be added to the animal feed,Can promote the growth of lean meat animals,So are commonly known as"ractopamine".In our country is the most common clenobuterol hydrochloride,Ractopamine, etc.

　　中国农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所的杨署明博士称，“瘦肉精”是俗名，其实“瘦肉精”是能治疗动物肺部疾病的药物，比如盐酸克伦特罗，是一种平喘药，药名为“克喘素”。“研究发现，将这类物质添加到家禽饲料中，能起到“营养再分配”作用，即促进动物蛋白质沉淀，促进脂肪分解，能让动物多长瘦肉。”

The Chinese academy of agricultural sciences agricultural quality standards and inspection institute of technology YangShuMing doctor says,"ractopamine"Is trivial name,In fact"ractopamine"Can cure animal lung disease drugs,Such as clenobuterol hydrochloride,Is a kind of antiasthmatic,Medicines for"G out of meat"."The study found that,This kind of material added to the poultry feed,Can play"Nutrition redistribution"role,That is to promote animal protein precipitation,Promote adipose decompose,Can make animals long lean meat."

　　杨署明称，这类药物在动物体内是没有蓄积性的。摄入量越多，这类物质的在动物体内的残留量也就越高，且往往残留在动物内脏，比如肝脏。但是经过一段时间的停用，这类物质可以从动物体内排除。

YangShuMing says,This kind of drugs in animal body is not the chemicals.Intake more,This kind of material in the animal body and the residues of the high,And often residual in animal internal organs,Such as the liver.But after a period of non-use,This kind of material can be ruled out from animal body.

　　尽管“瘦肉精”不会在动物体内蓄积，经过一段时间停用，可以从动物体内排出。但“瘦肉精”对人体还是有很大负面影响的。

although"ractopamine"Not in the animal body accumulation,After a period of time discontinued,From the animal body discharge.but"ractopamine"To the human body are very negative effect.

　　“正常健康的人是不应该多接触这类药物的。”杨署明说，这类药物会对人体产生负面影响，比如心跳加快，恶心，心悸等。对高血压、心脏病、甲状腺功能亢进、青光眼、糖尿病及前列腺肥大等疾病患者危害更大。

"Normal healthy people should not contact the this kind of drug."Yang said the,This kind of drugs can have a negative impact on the human body,Such as the heart beat faster,nausea,Palpitations, etc.To hypertension/Heart disease/Thyroid function hyperfunction/glaucoma/Diabetes and prostate hypertrophy patients with diseases such as more harmful.

北京牛肉有“瘦肉精”检测 Beijing beef have"ractopamine"detection

　　那么，北京市牛肉检疫和检测瘦肉精的情况怎样呢？

so,Beijing beef quarantine and inspection of lean lean fine situation how?

　　北京市动物卫生监督所动物卫生科室人员介绍，北京市采取定点屠宰，派驻官方兽医，集中检疫的方式。“屠宰场提出检疫申请，区县动物卫生监督机构派驻官方兽医，开展屠宰检疫工作。主要检疫口蹄疫、牛感染性胸膜肺炎、日本血吸虫病等8种动物疫病，同时也检测是否含有瘦肉精。” 北京市动检所称，在检查中未发现含有瘦肉精的牛肉。

Beijing animal health supervision and the animal health department personnel is introduced,Beijing take slaughter at designated points,Stationed the official veterinarian,Centralized quarantine way."Slaughterhouse puts forward application for quarantine inspection,Area county animal health supervision institutions stationed the official veterinarian,Slaughter quarantine in work.Main quarantine foot-and-mouth disease/Cattle infectious pleuropneumonia/Schistosomiasis japonica, eight kinds of animal epidemics,At the same time also test whether it contains clenbuterol." DongJian Beijing ",During the inspection not found to contain the essence of lean beef.

　　为了更深入的了解情况，笔者走访了北京大兴区的一家经营牛肉屠宰的公司——北京金维福仁清真食品有限公司。据该公司董事长赵金维介绍，他们的牛肉饲养和屠宰都要严格把关，在饲养阶段，有镇兽医和检疫卫生所的人员常驻该厂，定期检测，包括饲料安全和牛消毒情况；在屠宰阶段，有来自屠宰场，镇兽医和大兴区动物卫生检验局等组成的5人检疫队对屠宰过程进行全程监督。检疫过程中，会对每个牛的内脏小样进行检测，检测项目包括是否含有瘦肉精。

In order to further understand the situation,The author visited Beijing daxing of a business beef slaughter company - Beijing JinWeiFu kernel Muslim food co., LTD.According to the company chairman ZhaoJinWei is introduced,Their beef breeding and slaughter are strictly controlled,In feeding stage,A town veterinary clinic and quarantine personnel resident the factory,periodically,Including feed safety and cattle disinfection condition;In slaughtering stage,From slaughterhouse,Town veterinarians and daxing animal health inspection bureau composed of five people to slaughter quarantine team for the whole process supervision.Quarantine process,For each cow visceral course of testing,The test items include whether contain ractopamine.

　　笔者查看了该厂的牛肉质量检测报告。该报告由大兴区产品质量监督检验所完成，上面列出的检测项目有11项，其中最后一项是“盐酸克伦特罗”。

The author looked at the plant's beef quality inspection report.The report by the daxing product quality supervision, inspection and finish,The above the test items of 11,The last one is"Clenobuterol hydrochloride".

　　在北京海淀区的一家国营菜市场——魏公村欣欣菜市场，卖牛肉的个体户赵先生介绍，该菜市场质量卫生由海淀区紫竹桥工商管理局监管，每年定期检测两次，春季和秋季各一次，通过检测的会得到一个检测合格报告。笔者查看赵先生的检测合格报告时，检测项目中包括“盐酸克伦特罗”。

Haidian district in Beijing, a state markets WeiGong yan yan village market,Sell beef soho Mr. Zhao is introduced,The quality of the market by the haidian district health bureau of commerce purple bamboo bridge supervision,Every year regularly test two times,Spring and autumn each,Through the detection will be a qualified report.The author check Mr. Zhao testing qualified report,The test items include"Clenobuterol hydrochloride".

利益诱惑是根本 Interests temptation is fundamental

　　“瘦肉精”所指的这类药物早已存在，但是直到1990年西班牙发生“瘦肉精”集体中毒事件，这个问题才引起了关注。

"ractopamine"Referring to the drugs already exists,But it was not until 1990 happened in Spain"ractopamine"Collective poisoning,The problem to cause the attention.

　　1997年，农业部发布法规，禁止使用“瘦肉精”。

In 1997,,Ministry of agriculture issued regulations,To ban the use"ractopamine".

　　2002年2月，农业部、卫生部、国家药品监督管理局联合发布《禁止在饲料和动物饮用水中使用的药物品种目录》(农业部公告第176号)，其中包括盐酸克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、硫酸沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺、盐酸多巴胺、西马特罗、硫酸特布他林等7种肾上腺素受体激动剂。

In February 2002,The ministry of agriculture/The ministry of health/Jointly issued by the state drug supervision administration[Banned in feed and animal drinking water use drug varieties directory](The ministry of agriculture announcement no. 176),Including clenobuterol hydrochloride/albuterol/Salbutamol sulfate/ractopamine/Hydrochloric acid dopamine/West matt ROM/Terbutaline sulfate seven adrenergic receptor agonist.

　　2002年4月，农业部发布《关于发布〈食品动物禁用的兽药及其他化合物清单〉的通知》(公告第193号)，明确将盐酸克伦特罗等3种β-兴奋剂列入清单。

In April 2002,Ministry of agriculture issued[About the release < food animals banned veterinary drugs and other compounds list > notice](Announcement no. 193),Clear will clenobuterol hydrochloride, three beta stimulant included in the list.

　　2010年，农业部1519号公告发布《禁止在饲料和动物饮水中使用的物质名单》规定了其他9种β-兴奋剂：班布特罗、盐酸齐帕特罗、盐酸氯丙那林、马布特罗、西布特罗、溴布特罗、酒石酸阿福特罗、富马酸福莫特罗和苯乙醇胺A。

In 2010,,The ministry of agriculture 1519 number announcement[Banned in feed and animal drinking water used in material list]The provisions of other nine beta stimulant:Class bout ROM/Hydrochloric acid qi pat ROM/Hydrochloric acid chloride c the forest/The horse bout ROM/West bout ROM/Bromide bout ROM/Tartaric acid phooey trow's/Formoterol fumarate and phenethyl alcohol amine A.

　　目前，我国明确禁止在养殖动物上使用的β-兴奋剂(即“瘦肉精”)达16种。

At present,Our country specifically prohibits in breeding animals use beta stimulant(namely"ractopamine")Of 16 kinds of.

　　但是，为何“瘦肉精”难以遏制呢？

but,why"ractopamine"Difficult to contain??

　　杨署明认为，最重要的原因在于是经济利益的诱惑。“瘦肉精”的成本很低，而使用“瘦肉精”之后能获得高额经济利益，这也是为什么不断有人铤而走险，使用“瘦肉精”。

YangShuMing think,The most important reason in the economic interests and the temptation."ractopamine"Very low cost of,And the use of"ractopamine"Then can get high economic benefits,This is why continuously someone rush in where angels fear to tread,use"ractopamine".

　　另一个原因在于政府监管方式比较被动。比如，检测机构能检测牛肉是否含有“盐酸克伦特罗”。但国家明令禁止的“瘦肉精”多达16种，不法商贩有可能会添加别的或新的“瘦肉精”，这就增加了检测的难度，也使得政府现有的检测方式面临挑战。

Another reason is that government regulation mode is passive.Such as,Testing agencies can test whether it contains beef"Clenobuterol hydrochloride".But the country banned"ractopamine"As many as 16 kinds of,Illegal pedlar may add other or new"ractopamine",This increases the difficulty of testing,Also makes the government existing detection mode faces a challenge.

　　杨署明认为，这个情况是可以改变的。“非法商贩之所以使用‘瘦肉精’是想增加动物的瘦肉率，这样可以获得较高的经济利益。其实，通过现代畜牧技术，比如杂交配种，也可以提高动物的瘦肉率，不需要使用‘瘦肉精’。所以，推广这些畜牧技术，一定程度上可以减少‘瘦肉精’的使用。”(实习生 田珊珊)

YangShuMing think,This condition can be changed."Illegal pedlar are used‘ractopamine’To increase the animal meat,So we can obtain higher economic benefits.In fact,Through the modern animal husbandry technology,Such as hybrid breeding,Can also improve animal meat,Don't need to use‘ractopamine’.so,Promote the animal husbandry technology,A certain extent can reduce‘ractopamine’use."(Interns TianShanShan)