我国北方和中东部地区近段时间多次出现严重雾霾天气，引起社会广泛关注。雾霾天气的重要特征是高浓度的细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染。应对雾霾和PM2.5的健康危害，根本措施是降低大气中的PM2.5污染水平，实施多污染物协同控制，强化多污染源综合管理，开展区域联防联控，做到科学治理、依法治理、全民治理。

In north China and central and eastern regions in recent period of time many severe fog haze weather,A widespread social concern is caused.The fog haze weather is the most important features in high concentrations of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)pollution.Haze and PM2.5 health hazards,Fundamental measures is to reduce atmospheric PM2.5 pollution levels,Implementation of collaborative control more pollutants,Strengthen the multiple sources integrated management,Development zone defence from spreading,Do scientific management/Governance according to law/The national governance.

　　这是一个需要做出长期努力的过程。但在此期间，政府管理部门和公众如何从公共卫生角度应对雾霾天气和PM2.5污染？

This is a process of a need to make a long term effort.But in the meantime,Government regulators and the public how to from the perspective of public health response to the fog haze weather and PM2.5 pollution?

　　首先，建议我国环境管理和公共卫生部门可基于最新的人群流行病学研究成果，适时推出“雾霾天气(或PM2.5)健康指数”，直观告诉公众当前的空气质量对健康危害的程度，指导人们采取适当措施防范空气污染对健康带来的威胁。当前，空气污染指数侧重于环境空气的质量，其数值取决于超标最严重的污染物与标准限值的对应关系，而没有充分考虑到空气中多个污染物对健康的危害。近期，国内外科研工作者相继开发了“空气质量健康指数”(AQHI)，以综合反映多个污染物的健康危害。有研究发现，通过污染与死亡的流行病学定量关系建立的AQHI，能较好预测多种发病结局(如门急诊和住院)，其与居民健康数据的关联强度远大于现行的API或AQI。

First of all,Suggests our country environment management, and public health departments can be based on the latest population epidemiological research,In a"The fog haze weather(Or PM2.5)Health index",Intuitive tell the public the air quality in the degree of harm to one's health,Guide people to take appropriate steps to guard against the threat of air pollution on health.The current,Air pollution index focuses on the environmental air quality,Its value depends on the paint is the most serious pollutants and standard limit,Without fully considering the multiple pollutants in the air the harm to health.The recent,Researchers have developed both at home and abroad"Air quality health index"(AQHI),In order to comprehensively reflect multiple pollutants health hazards.Studies have found that,Through the quantitative relationship of the epidemiology of pollution and death AQHI,Can better predict a variety of disease outcome(Such as this and hospitalization),Associated with the residents' health data intensity is greater than the current API or AQI.

　　第二，建议在出现雾霾天气或大气PM2.5浓度较高时，居民尽量呆在室内，减少室外活动的时间或降低活动强度，并保持门窗紧闭。有文献报道，通过颗粒物的沉降作用，门窗紧闭可降低PM2.5从室外到室内的渗透速率、降低室内PM2.5浓度。

In the second,Suggested that in the event of a fog or haze weather atmospheric PM2.5 concentration is high,Residents to stay indoors,Reduce the time of the outdoor activity or reduce the intensity of activities,And keep doors and Windows closed.With the literature,Through the settlement of particles,Closed doors and Windows can reduce the penetration rate of PM2.5 from outdoor to indoor/Reduce indoor PM2.5 concentrations.

　　第三，可适当佩戴有颗粒物防护作用的口罩。北京此前开展的一项针对心血管病人的研究表明，科学合理地佩戴口罩，可降低居民个体暴露于颗粒物的浓度水平，改善心血管系统症状指标。但普通口罩防护PM2.5作用有限。

In the third,Can be appropriate to wear particles protection mask.Beijing previously carried out according to a study of cardiovascular patients,Scientific and reasonable to wear masks,Can reduce the levels of individual residents exposed to particulate matter,Improve cardiovascular system symptom index.But the average masks PM2.5 protection co., LTD.

　　第四，具有抗氧化作用的营养品有可能对雾霾天气的健康有保护作用，但尚需要更多循证医学的证据支持。PM2.5影响健康的可能机制包括氧化应激和炎症作用。因此，国外有研究认为补充抗氧化营养品可缓解大气污染的居民健康危害。比如，美国环保署开展的一些人体研究提示，含omega－　3脂肪酸的鱼油可能降低颗粒物和臭氧导致的心肺健康危害。但这些研究成果都是在国外低浓度污染条件下取得的，在我国能否起到应有的保护作用，尚需开展干预研究以证实。

In the fourth,Nutrition has antioxidant properties may have a protective effect to the health of the fog haze weather,But it is need for more evidence-based medical evidence to support.Possible mechanisms of PM2.5 affects health including oxidative stress and inflammation.so,Foreign research think added antioxidant supplements may ease the residents health hazards of air pollution.Such as the,The U.S. environmental protection agency (epa) to carry out some of the human body research suggests,Fish oil containing omega-3 fatty acids may reduce cardiovascular health hazard caused by particulate matter and ozone.But the results of this study is under the condition of low concentration of pollution in foreign countries,In our country can play a protective role,Still need to carry out intervention study to confirm.

　　◆阚海东 陈仁杰 作者单位：复旦大学公共卫生学院

Mixer KanHaiDong headmaster ms.teng yuyun unit of the author:Fudan university school of public health