专家小传

The experts biographies

　　邢小燕，主任医师，教授。北京医学会糖尿病学分会副主任委员，北京医师协会内分泌分会副会长。

XingXiaoYan,Chief physician,professor.Diabetology branch, deputy director of the Beijing medical association member,Beijing doctor endocrine branch, vice President of the association.

　　糖友一旦发现足部皮肤变白、变暗，或出现斑纹，或足部有红肿、水肿、水泡、脚癣、挤压伤、抓伤、足趾变形和疼痛等症状出现，要及时到医院检查治疗，因为这很可能是发生糖尿病足的征兆。

Friend once found the foot skin to bleach sugar/dim,Or markings,Or red and swollen feet/edema/blisters/Athlete's foot/Crush injury/scratches/Digit deformation and pain and other symptoms,Want to go to the hospital inspection treatment,Because this is could be a sign of diabetic foot.

　　什么是糖尿病足

What is diabetic foot

　　糖尿病足是糖尿病患者发生足部疼痛、皮肤溃疡伴感染、肢端坏疽等病变的总称，是糖尿病最为严重和治疗费用最高的慢性并发症之一，严重者可以导致截肢。

In patients with diabetic foot diabetes foot pain/Skin ulcer with infection/Acromegaly necrosis and the floorboard of the lesions,Diabetes is one of the most serious complications and treatment of chronic costs,Severe cases can lead to amputation.

　　与非糖尿病者相比，糖尿病患者发生非创伤性下肢截肢的风险要高40倍，这其中85%的截肢与糖尿病足有关。因此，患者在降糖和控制饮食的同时，应特别重视局部足部护理，防止外伤感染，以减少糖友的致残率，提高生存质量。

Compared with those without diabetes,Diabetes risk of non traumatic amputation of lower limb is 40 times higher,This 85% is associated with diabetic foot amputation.so,In patients with hypoglycemic and diet at the same time,Should pay special attention to local foot care,To prevent wound infection,In order to reduce sugar of morbidity,Improve the quality of survival.

　　小伤口引起大感染

Small wounds caused by infection

　　糖尿病足的发生是血管病变、神经病变和感染等综合因素相互作用的结果，有证据显示多种危险因素参与了其病变的发生，包括高血糖、高血压、血脂紊乱、血液黏稠度高、吸烟等。糖尿病患者在上述危险因素基础上发生了下肢血管硬化，血管壁增厚，弹性下降，血管内容易集结成斑块并进一步形成血栓，导致下肢血管狭窄或闭塞，局部血液供应不足，产生足部疼痛、间歇性跛行等症状，并造成神经损伤。糖尿病神经病变的表现形式多种多样，与糖尿病足最相关的是感觉减退的末梢神经病变。由于感觉减退、痛觉消失，患者失去了足的自我保护作用，容易发生足部挤压伤、外伤、烫伤等，引发足部皮肤溃疡，加之高血糖时机体抵抗力下降易患感染，如不及时控制，局部软组织化脓、溃烂并向深部发展，最终形成坏疽而不得不截肢。

The occurrence of diabetic foot is vascular lesions/Nerve lesion and infection factors interaction results,There is evidence that a variety of risk factors involved in the pathological changes occurred,Including high blood sugar/High blood pressure/dyslipidemia/High blood viscosity/Smoking, etc..Diabetic patients on the basis of the above risk factors had lower limb vascular sclerosis,Thickening of the blood vessel wall,Decreased elasticity,Easily assembled into plaques in the blood vessels and thrombosis,Lead to lower limb vascular stenosis or occlusion,Local blood supply,The foot pain/Intermittent claudication and other symptoms,And cause nerve damage.Diabetic neuropathy in a variety of forms of expression,Is most associated with diabetic foot hypoesthesia of peripheral neuropathy.Due to the hypoesthesia/Pain disappeared,Patients with lost of self protection,Prone to foot crush injury/trauma/Burns, etc.,Cause foot skin ulcer,When combined with high blood sugar decreased body resistance was susceptible to infection,If you don't control in a timely manner,Local soft tissue fester/Canker and deep development,Eventually gangrene and had to be amputated.

　　糖友如何护好足

Sugar friends how to protect good enough

　　糖尿病患者要保护好自己的双足，首先要戒烟限酒；其次要控制好血糖、血压、血脂，积极治疗神经病变和血管病变等。最后，一些预防措施很关键：

Diabetic patients to protect their feet as well,First of all to quit alcohol;Second to control the blood sugar/Blood pressure/Blood fat,Active treatment of neuropathy and vascular lesions, etc.The last,Some prevention measures is critical:

　　1.注意双足的护理。每晚用温水（40℃左右）泡脚、洗脚5—10分钟。洗前应先用手腕测定水温，不可过高或过低。

1. Pay attention to the foot care.With warm water every night(40 ℃ or so)Bubble foot/Wash feet 5-10 minutes.Wrist measurement should be taken before wash water temperature,Not too high or too low.

　　2.洗后用柔软洁净的毛巾擦拭干净，保持趾间清洁干燥，避免潮湿、细菌滋生。

2. After washing with clean soft towel to wipe clean,Keep clean and dry between toes,Avoid moisture/Bacterial growth.

　　3.趾甲要及时修剪，最好在洗脚后趁趾甲较软时进行，但不可修剪过短，太接近皮肤，防止损伤甲沟与皮肤而引发感染。

3. The nails to cut in time,Best while toenail soft after wash feet,But do not cut too short,Too close to the skin,Prevent damage caused a ditch and skin infections.

　　定期检查双足，一旦发现足部皮肤发白或发暗，或有红肿、水泡、破溃疼痛等糖尿病足早期征兆出现时，要及时到医院就诊，接受治疗。如有脚癣、胼胝或鸡眼，也应由医生治疗，不能擅自用刀、剪等修剪或贴鸡眼膏等刺激性药物。

Regularly check the feet,Once found the foot skin pale or dark,Or there are red and swollen/blisters/Burst pain when early diabetic foot symptoms appear,Want to go to hospital in time,For treatment.If you have athlete's foot/Corn or corn,Should also be treated by a doctor,Can't do STH without authorization with a knife/Cut, trim or stick the stimulant drugs such as corn plaster.

　　4.双足皮肤干燥者、泡脚后，可涂抹具有保湿、润滑功效的护肤品(硅霜、凡士林等)，以防皮肤干裂。

4. The feet dry skin/After the bubble foot,Daub is moisturizing/Lubrication effect of skin care products(Silicon cream/Vaseline, etc.),To prevent skin weather-shack.

　　5.每天要换干净的袜子，买袜子时要注意，袜子不能太大，也不能太小。袜子宜选吸水性能好的纯棉制品，袜口不可太紧。

5. Clean socks you want to change every day,Pay attention to when you buy socks,Socks can't be too big,Can't too small.Socks should choose bibulous performance good cotton products,Sox mouth not too tight.

　　6.避免双足的意外伤害。任何时候都不要赤足行走。活动时要注意防止足部碰伤、扭挫伤、硌伤、烫伤、冻伤、钉子刺伤等。在夏日乘凉时要防止蚊虫叮咬。若受到意外伤害，即便是皮肤小的破溃也应到医院及时处治。因小伤口不愈合，而发展为糖尿病足的例子并不鲜见。

6. Avoid foot injury.Any time not to walk barefoot.Activities must pay attention to prevent foot bruised/Torsional damp down/Luo injured/burns/frostbite/Nails stab wounds, etc..Cool in the summer to prevent mosquito bites.If by accident,Even small skin burst should be timely treatment to the hospital.Because of the small wound does not heal,And for the development of diabetic foot's case is not rare.

　　7.选择适合自己的鞋袜，以更好地保护足部。鞋宜选软底布鞋或柔软的皮鞋，避免鞋子过紧或过硬；选择拖鞋时不能选塑料拖鞋。

7. Choose to suit their own shoes and socks,To better protect the feet.Appropriate chooses soft bottom shoes soft cloth shoes or leather shoes,Avoid shoes too tight or quality;Choosing slippers cannot choose plastic slippers.

　　8.每天穿鞋前，要检查鞋中有无异物，鞋内是否平整，走路时若鞋中进入砂石要及时清除，以免弄伤脚底。▲

8. Before wearing shoes every day,To check all the shoes in the presence of foreign bodies,Inside the shoes whether level off,When you walk into the sand in the shoes to keep clear of in time,So as not to hurt the foot.Bring about