机构改革 Institutional reform

　　之食品药品安全 The food and drug safety

　　从三聚氰胺奶粉、染色馒头到瘦肉精、塑化剂白酒，从地沟油、苏丹红鸡翅到“皮革”制老酸奶、速生鸡，近年来不断被曝光的食品安全问题一次次刺痛着公众的神经。昨天国务院新一轮大部制改革中，新成立的由食品和药品监督管理局挂帅的食药监总局似发出一个信号——多头并管的链条被收拢，因近年来“各管一段”导致的监管不给力、食品安全问题频发的情况也有望得到改观。

From the melamine milk powder/Dyed steamed buns to clenbuterol/Plasticizer liquor,From the illegal cooking oil/Sudan red wings"leather"System of the old yogurt/Fast-growing chicken,Constantly exposed in recent years, food safety problems again and again hurt the nerve of the public.Yesterday in the new round the super-ministries reform of the state council,Spearhead of newly established by the food and drug administration of drug safety administration seems to send a signal - long and pipe chain was collapsed,In recent years because of"The pipe section"Regulation is not to force/Frequent food safety problems is also expected to get change.

　　昨天，记者就此采访了一名在卫生系统一线工作了30年的“老兵”，他见证了《食品安全法》的颁布，以及对食品安全监管职能的调整。多年来，在平凡的岗位上，他一直担忧着食品安全的监管是否到位，现在，他终于盼来了改革后的曙光。

yesterday,The reporter interviewed a line in the health system work for 30 years"veterans",He saw the[Food safety law]The promulgation of the,And adjusting to the food safety regulatory functions.Over the years,In the ordinary post,Whether he has been concerned about food safety supervision in place,now,He finally gained access to reform after the dawn.

　　京华时报记者 李秋萌

Beijing times reporter Li Qiumeng

　

　□问题 - problem

　　“门外汉”难管食品 "A layman"Hard tube food

　　听到“组建国家食品药品监督管理总局”的消息时，老方长舒了口气，作为一名在卫生系统一线干了逾30年的“老兵”，他多年来的担忧终于盼来了曙光。

hear"Form of the state food and drug administration management"When the news of the,The Lao side long sigh a sigh of relief,A member of the health system of a line for more than 30 years"veterans",Dawn fears he had had for so many years finally came.

　　《食品安全法》已于2009年6月1日正式实施，该法明确了地方政府和各相关部门的职责，对监管部门的职能作了重大调整。但早在奥运会前，北京已经先行一步，实现了食品安全的多部门共同监管新局面，食品从销售到入口的整个链条，涉及质监、工商、卫生等众多部门，监管环节多、链条长。

[Food safety law]Already in June 1, 2009 formally implemented,The law made clear and the relevant departments of local government responsibilities,Made major changes to regulatory functions.But as early as before the Olympics,Beijing has already one step ahead,Achieve mutual supervision over food safety in the department,Food from sales to the entrance of the chain,Involved in quality control/Industrial and commercial/Health and other departments,Regulatory links/The chain length.

　　自那时起，老方开始困惑了。

Since then,The Lao side began to confusion.

　　“把几个部门生硬地扭在一起，怎么可能无缝衔接呢，他们将食品安全监管无缝衔接，加大控制，加大执法力度，我们是以预防为主，预防食物中毒、保障食品无毒无害。”随着工商、质监等部门权责的明确，老方愈发感觉到他们不仅和卫生工作者的理念不一样，而且因为卫生专业人才少，在一线监督检查中根本难以起到实质作用，看似庞大的监管队伍，实则根本没有与参与监管的人数成正比的监管效果。

"Put several departments stiffly twisted together,How would it be possible to seamlessly,They will be food safety regulatory seamlessly,Increase the control,Intensify law enforcement,We are on prevention,To prevent food poisoning/Guarantee food avirulent harmless."As the industry and commerce/Qualitative inspect departments clear responsibilities,The Lao side increasingly feel they are not only different from the concept of health workers,And because of health professionals,In a line can hardly play a substantial role in the supervision and inspection,Seemingly huge regulatory team,But there is no proportional to participate in the number of regulatory supervision effect.

　　“不专业，爱推诿”是老方对“伙伴单位”的第一印象，在他看来，卫生是个相当专业的学科，而目前在卫生执法一线的绝大多数都是公共卫生学系毕业的，但工商、质监等分管食品安全监察人员有学气象的，有学法律的，还有学食品机械的。

"Is not professional,Love shuffle"Laos is to"Companion unit"The first impression,In his opinion,Health is a very professional disciplines,Now in health law enforcement a line mostly graduated from the department of public health,But the industry and commerce/Quality control and in charge of food safety supervisory personnel have meteorological study,Have a study law,And learn food machinery.

　　“生产工艺中，添加剂加了多少，配料用了多少，每公斤里亚硝酸盐多少，检查人员懂不懂？不然就跟看热闹的似的”，老方说，食品生产监管在于风险控制，监管人员需具备专业的卫生知识，炼就控制和预防问题出现的火眼金睛，而不是买几台高级检测车就能解决的。

"In the production process,Additives added how much,How much ingredients used,How much per kg in nitrite,Inspectors understand don't understand?Or just like watching",The Lao side said,Food production supervision lies in the risk control,Regulators need to have professional knowledge of health,Had problems in the control and prevention of critical,Rather than buy a few units advanced check-out car can solve.

　　业内人士表示，目前，食品安全监管部门专业化人才匮乏，已经成为阻碍我国食品安全监管工作的一大瓶颈。目前的行政体制下，行政监管人员专业化水平不高，很多监管工作需要借助社会专业技术资源来完成，既增加了行政监管成本，又影响了行政监管的公信力，比如食品生产许可中的现场核查环节，法律规定该工作是行政部门工作人员的职责，但现实中却成了专家评审活动，造成了很多负面影响。

The personage inside course of study says,At present,Food safety supervision department lack of specialized talents,Has become an obstacle to China's food safety supervision work of a major bottleneck.Under the current administrative system,Administrative supervision personnel professional level is not high,Many social supervision needs some professional and technical resources to complete,Both increased administrative regulatory costs,And affects the credibility of administrative regulation,Such as on-site verification link in the food production license,Laws and regulations of the work is the responsibility of administration staff,But in reality has become a expert evaluation activities,Caused a lot of negative effects.

　　“反观美国FDA（美国食品和药物管理局），很多官员本身就是食品安全方面的专家，除了制度设计等需要社会参与的工作外，很多监管工作都可以通过官员自身来完成，既增强了公信力，又提高了官员的责任心。”

"In contrast, the United States FDA(The us food and drug administration (fda)),Many officials is in itself a source of food safety experts,In addition to system design and so on need society to participate in the work,Lots of regulation work can be done through officials themselves,Can enhance the credibility,And improves the officials of the responsibility."

　　

外行检查本末倒置 Dilettante check put the cart before the horse

　　老方想起，一次对熟肉厂的检查中，穿着制服的质监人员先是走进生肉区，然后是熟肉、原料等区域，“熟肉厂该怎么检查？虽然一般加工厂都是从原料查起，但在这里应该从熟肉查起，进车间前就先要换上洁净的衣服和鞋子，如果从生肉区走到熟肉区的话怎么换衣服啊，而且生肉上的细菌也会被带到熟肉区。所以应该先从出库点位进入，按照半成品、原料、库房等顺序进行检查，主要检查是否做到生熟分开、有没有交叉污染”。

The Lao side of,A of the cooked meat factory inspection,Uniformed personnel of quality first, into the meat section,And then the cooked meat/Raw materials such as regional,"Cooked meat factory how to check it?Although general processing plant from raw material to check up,But here it should be cooked meat to check up,Into the workshop must change into clean clothes and shoes before it starts,If you walk from meat section to the cooked meat area how to change clothes,And bacteria on the meat will be cooked meat area.So should from outbound point into the first,According to the semi-finished products/Raw material/Warehouse, etc. In order to check,Mainly check whether be born separately/If there is any cross contamination".

　　见状，老方暗自叹息，真是太外行了，这样的检查别说检出问题了，别给人家造成问题就是好事！更让老方目瞪口呆的是，他们走的竟是让外宾或领导视察访问的“参观通道”，而非实地接触肉品的“检查通道”。

before,The Lao side inwardly sigh,Really is very unprofessional,Such inspection don't check out the problem,Don't give somebody else a problem is a good thing!More let the Lao side is stunned,They go is to let guests or leadership inspection visit"Visit the channel",Rather than the field contact with meat"Check the channel".

　　□担忧

- concern

　

　分段监管致效能低下 Segmented regulatory inefficiency

　　实行分段管理后，老方的工作轻松了很多，但他心头的负担却重了，经常压得他喘不上气。

After block management,The Lao side job a lot easier,But the burden of his mind,Often is breath on him.

　　分段管理不利于行政管理体制的精简和高效，甚至会增加行政成本。一头猪从饲养到餐桌，共有畜牧、质监、食品药品、卫生等众多部门参与监管。以质量检测为例，一个产品多部门重复检测、无效检测的现象普遍存在。例如瘦肉精，各部门都在本监管环节进行重复检测，浪费了有限的财政资金。另一方面，由于监管部门众多，如果出了问题，消费者不知该向哪个部门投诉，也极易出现部门之间“踢皮球”的现象，不利于消费者维权。

Segment management is not conducive to streamline and efficient administrative system,May even increase administrative costs.A pig from the feed to the table,A total of animal husbandry/Quality control/The food and drug/Many health and other departments involved in regulation.Quality testing, for example,More than one product department duplicate detection/Invalid phenomenon universal existence of detection.Such as clenbuterol,Every department in the regulatory link test repeated,Waste of the limited financial fund.On the other hand,Because of many regulators,If out of the question,Consumers do not know to which department,Also easy to appear between departments"The buck"The phenomenon of,For consumers' rights.

　　老方的隐忧成了现实：按照职能划分，生产加工环节应该由质监部门进行监管，但属于生产加工领域的送餐企业却被“踢回了”卫生。“为什么？风险最大啊，这多是给孩子们吃的啊，一旦出了问题怎么办？”

Laos's concern has become reality:According to the functional,Production and processing link should be supervised by the department of quality control,But belongs to the meals in the field of production and processing enterprises have been"Kick back"health."why?The greatest risk?,This is for the children to eat more,Once out of the question?"

　　□期盼

- looking forward to

　　

建整套监管机制和体系 To build a complete set of regulatory mechanism and system

　　随着今年来食品安全问题的不断曝光，让公众选择“该吃什么”时没了底儿，多数人三思而后开口，甚至吃饭前要先“百度”下该食品是否有“被曝光史”。

With the constant exposure of this year to food safety problems,Allow the public to choose"What to eat"Not in the bottom,Most people think before you speak,Even before dinner"baidu"Whether the food is"Exposure history".

　　据《求是》主办的《小康》杂志社中国全面小康研究中心和清华大学媒介调查实验室发布的《2010-2011消费者食品安全信心报告》显示，仅三成多人对食品安全状况感到满意，九成多人认为中国食品安全存在问题，近七成人对食品安全现状“没有安全感”。

According to the[Seeking truth from facts]Sponsored by the[A well-off]The magazine China research center of the all-round well-off society and release media survey lab at tsinghua university[Consumer confidence in food safety report, 2010-2011]According to,Only thirty percent of people satisfied with the food security situation,Ninety percent people think that China's food safety problems,Nearly seven adults about the present situation of food safety"Have no sense of security".

　　“食品安全问题真是已经到了非整合不可的地步了”，看了昨天上午的新闻，老方顿感欣慰，尽管与世界上食品安全监管工作总体趋势是“一个机构来监管”尚有一定差距，比如新西兰建立的食品安全局，英国建立的是食品标准局，加拿大是食品检验局，爱尔兰是食品安全局。“但总算迈出了第一步”，老方说，食品安全问题的真正监管并不是简单把几个处室归在一起就可以解决的，需要建立一整套监管机制和体系，由这个新成立的主管部门来制定新规则。

"The food safety problem is really have reached the point where they must be integrated",Watch the news yesterday morning,The Lao side feel gratified,Although food safety supervision work overall trend is in the world"An agency to regulate"Still have certain disparity,Such as established in New Zealand food safety authority,UK's food standards agency,Canada is the food inspection bureau,Ireland is a food safety authority."But finally taken the first step",The Lao side said,Real regulatory food safety problem is not simply put several departments belong together can solve,Need to establish a set of supervision mechanism and system,By the new departments to formulate new rules.

　　“新的体系建成后，应该从卫生专业角度出发，以预防和控制为主要目的，如果缺斤短两也算不安全、标签不到位也是不合格，就混淆了不合格率”，老方期待，当务之急，是把全国现存的近5000个涉及食品安全的所谓“标准”进行清理整合，“如果连标准本身都不明确的话，何谈监管？”

"After the completion of the new system,Should from the perspective of health professional,To prevent and control as the main goal,If QueJinDuanLiang is unsafe/Label does not reach the designated position is not qualified,Confusing the fraction defective",The Lao side looking forward to,Top priority,Is the living of the country's nearly 5000 so-called involving food safety"standard"To clean up integration,"If you don't even clear standard itself,What about regulation?"

　　对于持续升温的食品安全问题，卫生部部长陈竺成了被围堵的对象，他表示“政府一定会加强监管”，并强调“诚信体制非常重要，要让人民对食品、药品有放心的感觉”。老方说，为了这个目标，自己工作量再大些、再辛苦些都无所谓，“谁不愿意儿女们吃得安全呢，不仅安全，还要健康”。

For growing food safety problems,Minister of health Chen zhu became a subject of containment,He said"The government will strengthen supervision",And to emphasize"Credit system is very important,Let the people for food/Drug feel rest assured".The Lao side said,To this end,His work again/I don't mind hard work some more,"Children who are not willing to eat safety,Not only the security,But also healthy".

　　□高端对话

- high-level talks

　

　食品安全技术支撑应加强 Food safety technical support should be strengthened

　　新成立的国家食品和药品监管总局备受公众关注，针对相关问题，记者采访了全国政协委员、国家食品和药品监督管理局副局长焦红，全国政协委员、国家食品药品监督管理局原局长邵明立，全国政协委员、中国农业大学博士研究生导师黄卫东。

New state food and drug supervision administration has attracted many attentions of the public,According to related problem,Reporters interviewed the CPPCC national committee/State food and drug administration, deputy bureau telephoto red,The CPPCC national committee/The state food and drug administration, Mr Shao, chief of the original,The CPPCC national committee/China agricultural university doctoral tutor Huang Weidong.

　　京华时报：近年来食品安全问题频发的根源何在？

Beijing times:In recent years are the root causes of the frequent food safety problems?

　　黄卫东：我认为食品安全事故频发，商家和监管部门有不可推卸的责任，应该加强和改进食品安全监管部门的工作，严厉问责，对制售有毒有害食品的商家进行严厉处罚。

Huang Weidong:I think the frequent food safety accidents,Businesses and regulators have unshirkable responsibility,Should strengthen and improve the food safety regulators,Strict accountability,Merchants have severe penalties for producing poisonous and harmful food.

　　总体上来说，我国食品安全形势一年比一年好。但食品安全没有零风险，所以出现一些食品安全事件，需要有一个良好的心态面对，应该对规范市场销售的食品给予充分信任。

In general,The food safety situation in our country every year.But there is no zero risk to food safety,So some food safety incidents,Need to have a good mentality to face,Should give full trust to standardize the market sales of food.

　　京华时报：食品安全问题的解决和完整监管环节的构建，除了此次相关部门的职能整合外，还有哪些关键因素？

Beijing times:Food safety problem and complete supervision link building,In addition to the relevant department functional integration,And what are the key factors?

　　黄卫东：目前，我国公众和消费者对食品安全形势还不满意、不放心，甚至有时还爆发极度不满情绪。一方面是因目前的食品安全检测的发现和预警机制有待提高，且食品安全信息的公开滞后，执法力度不强，另一方面，与积极发现、解决、回应不同，多是经媒体曝光，政府隐瞒事后处理，而且有些处理不及时也不到位。不及时的原因还有政府对信息的掌握不足，以及应急措施不当，使政府有些部门公信力下降。

Huang Weidong:At present,The public and consumers about food safety situation in China is not satisfactory/Don't rest assured,Even sometimes extreme discontent.On the one hand is because of the current food safety testing detection and early warning mechanism needs to be improved,And food safety information lag in public,Law enforcement is not strong,On the other hand,With positive finding/To solve/In response to different,How is the media exposure,The government hide post-processing,But some things is not in place in time.Why not in time and the government's grasp of information,As well as the improper emergency measures,Bring down the government department of some credibility.

　　京华时报：原来各个部门都管，此次整合后，部委之间的推诿问题或将得到解决，但针对不同部委间下设的相似功能的处室如何进行有效整合？怎样从源头上解决推诿问题？

Beijing times:The original in every department,After the integration,Shuffle question or between ministries will be solved,But for different sets of similar functions between ministries office how to effectively integrate?How to shuffle problem from its source?

　　邵明立：存在是绝对的，不存在是相对的，因为就目前分部门管理的职能中，别说有许多职能是看不见摸不着的，还涉及到不同部委边界和调查区划分不清的问题，你管我不管，我管你不管。

Mr Shao:There is absolute,There is no is relative,Because at present sub-sector management functions,Don't say there are a lot of functions is invisible to scratching,Also involves different ministries boundary and certain radioactive-polluted area divided not clear problem,You tube I don't care,I tube you care.

　　因此像马凯发言中说的只有转变职能、转变作风、高度负责、密切配合、提高效率、加强监管，如果这是整合一个机构就能解决的事，就不用再强调了。

So only transform function as Mr Ma said in a speech/Change the attitude/Highly responsible/Work closely with/Improve the efficiency/Strengthen the supervision,If this is the integration of an organization can solve the matter,Don't have to emphasize.

　　京华时报：框架搭建起来后，下一步重点解决的关键是什么？

Beijing times:Framework built up,Focus on what's the key to the next step?

　　焦红：下一步工作应关注支撑问题，如何加大协调力度、落实监管责任，随着人们对吃到放心食品的高度要求，为了适应产业变化，应该有技术支撑，新成立的食品药品监管总局如何在把整合工作落实好的情况下，加强相关技术支撑队伍的建设，强化检测机构的划转和整合，加强技术支撑，确保食品安全问题的及时发现及时处理，保证人群的食品安全？在政府监管范围、企业生产的诚信范围、社会监督范围内才能做好相关工作。

JiaoGong:The next step work should focus on support issues,How to intensify coordination/To carry out the supervision responsibility,As the height of the people to eat the rest assured food requirements,In order to adapt to industry changes,There should be a technical support,How the new food and drug supervision bureau under the condition of the integration work to carry out the good,Strengthen the construction of the relevant technical support,Strengthen the examination organization transfer and integration,Strengthen the technical support,To ensure the food safety problems timely found timely processing,To ensure the food safety of the crowd?The scope of government regulation/Range of integrity/Within the scope of social supervision to do related work.

　　京华时报：您对解决我国的食品安全问题有何建议？

Beijing times:Do you have any Suggestions on solve the problem of food safety?

　　黄卫东：首先应该提高违法成本、加大惩处力度，对违法行为严惩不贷，有法必依，执法必严，同时，要加快食品安全标准的出台速度，来确保执法有理有据。我们建议建立食品安全的信用制度，加快建设全国联网的食品安全信息系统。

Huang Weidong:Should first improve the illegal cost/Increase the penalties,For illegal and antisocial behavior,The laws,Law applied,At the same time,To speed up the food safety standards come on stage,To ensure the enforcement of the law.We suggest to establish food safety credit system,To speed up the construction of the national network of food safety information system.