早春三月，天气乍暖还寒，气温忽高忽低，正是一些急性呼吸道传染病的好发时节。省疾控中心专家提醒，春季风疹、麻疹、流脑、流行性腮腺炎、流感这五种急性呼吸道传染病多发，应重点予以防治。那么，这五种急性呼吸道传染病有什么特点，该如何预防？日前，记者就此采访了省疾控中心计划免疫所闫滨副所长和病毒所的许军老师。

Early spring in March,The weather is warm,High and low temperatures,It's a good season. For some acute respiratory infectious diseases.Provincial center for disease control experts warn,In the spring of rubella/measles/Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis/mumps/The five kinds of acute respiratory infectious disease multiple flu,Should focus on prevention and control.then,What is the distinguishing feature of the five kinds of acute respiratory infectious diseases,How to prevent?recently,The reporter interviewed provincial center for disease control and prevention vaccination Xu Jun 闫滨 vice director and virus by the teacher.

　　-麻疹 - measles

　　发病有顺序 从耳后到脚心 Have order from ears to arch

　　流行时间：由麻疹病毒引起的呼吸道传染病，具有高度的传染性，全年可见，冬春季易流行，我省发病高峰在每年的4-6月份。

Popular time:Respiratory infectious disease caused by measles virus,Highly contagious,Visible throughout the year,Winter spring easy to pop,Our province peaks in 4-6 months each year.

　　易感人群及症状：典型麻疹病例体温在38℃以上，全身出现淡红色斑丘疹，持续3天以上。出疹前常有咳嗽、流涕、结膜炎等症状，眼睛水汪汪的，分泌物增多。皮疹的出现有明显的次序，即耳后→颜面→颈部→胸部→四肢→手心脚心。

Vulnerable groups and symptoms:Typical measles cases in 38 ℃ temperature above,Your body reddish brown spots pimples,For more than 3 days.Before the rash is often cough/Runny nose/The symptom such as conjunctivitis,Watery eyes,secretion.The order of the rash and there are obvious,After the ear - face, neck, chest and limbs - palm arch.

　　预防方法：接种麻疹减毒活疫苗。麻疹类疫苗的初免月龄是8足月，再免为18-24月龄。发生麻疹病例后，应尽快对易感人群进行麻疹疫苗应急接种。在流行期间，不带儿童去病人家里，也不要去公共场所，发现疑似病人后，要进行隔离治疗。

To prevent them:Live attenuated measles vaccination.Measles vaccine is early from months of age 8 to full term,Free for up to 18 to 24 months of age.After measles cases,As soon as possible for measles vaccine emergency vaccination susceptible populations.During the period of popular,Don't take children to patients at home,Don't go to public places,After found suspected patients,, want to be treated in isolation.

　　-流感 - flu

　　老人孩子易引发肺炎 The old man children easy to cause pneumonia

　　流行时间：流感是流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染，传染性极高。一般情况下，11月至次年3月是高发季节。

Popular time:Flu is caused by influenza virus of acute respiratory infection,Highly infectious.Under normal circumstances,November to march the following year is high incidence season.

　　易感人群及症状：主要通过呼吸道传播，易在集体单位暴发。前期症状为头痛、寒战和干咳、打喷嚏、鼻塞、流涕等，接着出现头痛、高热、全身肌肉和关节疼痛、全身不适等症状。老年人、婴幼儿、慢性病患者及免疫低下者可发生肺炎型流感。

Vulnerable groups and symptoms:Mainly spread through the respiratory tract,Easily outbreak in collective units.Early symptoms are headache/Chills and a dry cough/sneezing/A stuffy nose/Runny nose, etc.,Then appear have a headache/A high temperature/Whole body muscle and joint pain/Whole body discomfort and other symptoms.The elderly/Infants and young children/In patients with chronic disease and immunity is low can happen influenza pneumonia.

　　预防方法：平时注意保暖，增加体育锻炼，流感流行季节少去公共场所或空气混浊场所，注意经常开窗通风，保持空气流通。患有慢性疾病者、老年人、体弱者等人群可应用流感疫苗进行免疫预防。

To prevent them:Usually pay attention to keep warm,Increasing physical exercise,Flu season less go to public places or poorly ventilated places,Pay attention to often open a window ventilated,Keep the air circulation.With chronic disease/The elderly/Infirm people such as applicable immune prevention influenza vaccine.

　　-腮腺炎 - the mumps

　　5-15岁患者多见 5-15 patients

　　流行时间：腮腺炎，全称为流行性腮脉炎，是由腮腺炎病毒引起的呼吸道传染病。冬春季发病较多，但全年都可发生感染流行。

Popular time:The mumps,Called the epidemic gills inflammation of arteries and veins,Respiratory tract infectious disease is caused by the mumps virus.Spring is more,But all the year round can happen infection prevalence.

　　易感人群及症状：腮腺炎主要在儿童和青少年中发生，尤以5-15岁患者较为多见，2岁以下、40岁以上很少发病。腮腺肿大常是本病的首发体征，持续7-10天。

Vulnerable groups and symptoms:Mumps mainly occurs in children and adolescents,Especially in the five to 15 patients is relatively rare,Under the age of 2/Above 40 years old little morbidity.Parotid enlargement is often the first signs of the disease,For seven to ten days.

　　预防方法：接种疫苗。儿童满18个月接种1剂麻疹-腮腺炎联合疫苗或麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹联合疫苗，在上臂外侧三角肌附着处皮下注射0.5ml，免疫成功率在80%-90%，抗体有效保护期可达数年。

To prevent them:vaccination.Vaccinating children 18 months 1 dose of measles, mumps and measles, mumps and rubella combined vaccine combination vaccines,In the upper arm of the lateral deltoid muscle to the subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml,Immune success rate from 80% to 90%,Effective protection antibody can be up to several years.

　　-风疹 - rubella

　　3-5月是发病高峰 Peaks is 3 to 5 month

　　流行时间：该病是由风疹病毒感染引起的急性传染病，一年四季都可发病，3-5月份达高峰，亦偶有夏季的风疹流行。

Popular time:The disease is an acute infectious disease caused by the rubella virus infection,All the year round,3 - peaked in May,Also I have summer rubella epidemic.

　　易感人群及症状：任何年龄的人都可发病，一般以1-5岁儿童发病率最高，常在集体托幼机构中流行。患者常有低热、头痛、食欲减退、疲乏及咳嗽、喷嚏、流涕、咽痛、结膜充血等前驱症状。

Vulnerable groups and symptoms:People of any age,General with highest incidence of 1-5 years old children,Always popular in the collective childcare facilities.Patients often have low thermal/Have a headache/Loss of appetite/Fatigue and a cough/sneezing/Runny nose/Sore throat/Prodromal symptoms such as conjunctival congestion.

　　预防方法：接种风疹疫苗。对于12月龄以上的儿童或成人，只需一次注射0.5ml风疹疫苗，即可得到理想的保护，血清抗体阳转率达95%-100%，而且免疫力可维持多年。

To prevent them:Rubella vaccination.For children or adults older than 12 months,A single injection of 0.5 ml rubella vaccine,Can get ideal protection,Serum antibody positive rate was 95% to 95%,And immunity can be maintained for years.

　　-流脑 - epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis

　　15岁以下多发病 Under the age of 15, frequently-occurring disease

　　流行时间：流脑的全称为流行性脑脊髓膜炎，是一种化脓性脑膜炎，在冬春季节会出现季节性发病高峰。

Popular time:Called the epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis,Is a kind of purulent meningitis,There will be a seasonal peaks in winter and spring season.

　　易感人群及症状：发病年龄以15岁以下儿童为主。一般病人早期无症状，部分病人有咽喉疼痛，鼻咽部粘膜充血及分泌物增多等上呼吸道感染症状。随后，患者出现突然高热、畏寒、寒战，伴头痛、食欲减退及神志淡漠等毒性症状。

Vulnerable groups and symptoms:Onset age is given priority to with children under the age of 15.General early asymptomatic patients,Some patients have a sore throat,Nasopharyngeal mucosa hyperemia and upper respiratory tract infection symptoms such as increased secretion.then,A sudden high fever patients/chills/chills,With a headache/Loss of appetite and toxic symptoms such as consciousness indifference.

　　预防方法：居室勤开窗通风，勤晒衣服，儿童玩具消毒，多晒太阳。对6-18月龄儿童接种A群流脑多糖疫苗，基础免疫两针，两针间隔3个月；3岁、6岁接种A+C群流脑多糖疫苗，各加强一针。成人建议接种A+C群流脑多糖疫苗。记者 霍营

To prevent them:The bedroom often open a window ventilated,Often bask in clothes,Children's toys disinfection,More than the sunshine.For 6 to 18 months of age children A group of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis polysaccharide vaccine,Based on immune two needles,Two needle interval of 3 months;3 years old/6, A + C group of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis polysaccharide vaccine,Each strengthen a needle.Adult polysaccharide group A + C epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine is recommended.The reporter HuoYing