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　　胡欣，主任药师，硕士生导师，卫生部北京医院药学部主任。

Hu Xin,Director of the pharmacist,Master tutor,The ministry of health, Beijing director of cqi.

　　有些人认为，由于年轻人的代谢比较旺盛，一旦出现药物的副作用，比老人会更快地表现出来。《生命时报》记者采访了卫生部北京医院药剂科主任胡欣后了解到，其实老人更容易出现副作用，而且发现时一般会更严重。

Some people think that,Because young people's metabolism is strong,Once appear, the side effects of drugs,Faster than the old man.[Life times]Reporters interviewed learned after Hu Xin, director of the ministry of health Beijing hospital pharmacy department,Actually the old man is more prone to side effects,And found the general will be more serious.

　　与年轻人相比，老人的肝肾功能、胃液分泌能力、整体的体液含量以及机体降解和排泄药物的能力都降低。即使用量不大，由于身体代谢药物的速度较慢，排出也较慢，可能造成药物在体内的积累，从而造成伤害。此外，老人各器官的功能发生衰退，敏感性下降，因此副作用常常发现较晚，一旦发现时，可能已经较为严重。为了避免药物副作用对老人造成较为严重的伤害，用药时需要注意以下几点。

Compared with young people,The old man's liver and kidney function/Gastric juice secretion capacity/Overall content of body fluids and drug degradation and elimination ability is reduced.Even if the dosage is not big,Due to the slower rate of body metabolism drugs,Eduction is slower,May cause the accumulation of drugs in the body,Thus cause damage.In addition,The old man function of each organ,Sensitivity to drop,So often found late side effects,Once found,May have more severe.In order to avoid the side effects caused serious damage to the old,When need to pay attention to the following points.

　　同时服药最好不超过5种。胡欣告诉记者，同时使用2种药物的潜在药物相互作用发生率为6％，5种药物为50％。如果老人本身就需要服用多种药物，又碰上感冒、腹泻时，自己买药服用，可能造成药物种类超过5种，无形中增加了用药风险。这种情况下应当到医院就诊，在医生的指导下用药。

Taking medication had better not more than five at a time.Hu Xin told reporters,At the same time using two kinds of drugs, drug interaction potential incidence was 6%,5 kinds of drugs was 50%.If the old man itself needs to take a variety of drugs,With a cold again/When diarrhea,Oneself buy medicine,May cause drug kinds more than five kinds,Virtually increased the risk.This kind of circumstance should be to the hospital,Under the guidance of doctors and medical treatment.

　　观察用药情况，发生跌倒时在医生指导下暂停用药。老人在用药期间应密切观察，一旦发生任何新的症状，都应考虑药物不良反应或病情进展。在发生跌倒、大小便失禁、不想活动等症状时，一些老人常认为是“自己老了，生活能力下降”，其实这时就应当关注近期服药情况，询问医生是否可能与药物有关。多数药物不良反应在停药后数天至3周内消失，但中、重度药物不良反应者应及时在医生的指导下停药或换药，并接受对症治疗。

Observe the drug,Fell under the guidance of pause and drug use.The old man should be closely observed during the medication,In the event of any new symptoms,Should be considered adverse drug reactions or disease progression.In the event of a fall/incontinence/When symptoms such as not activities,Some old people are often thought to be"His old,Life ability",In fact at this point you should focus on the recent medication compliance,Ask a doctor if may be associated with drugs.Most of the adverse drug reactions in drug withdrawal disappeared after a few days to 3 weeks,But in the/Severe adverse drug reactions should be timely stop drug under the guidance of a doctor or dressing,And subject to symptomatic treatment.

　　选择合适的时间服药。许多疾病的发作、加重与缓解具有昼夜节律的变化，比如变异型心绞痛、脑血栓、哮喘常在夜间出现，急性心肌梗死和脑出血的发病高峰在上午等。举例来说，抗心绞痛药物的有效时间应能覆盖心绞痛发作的高峰时段：变异型心绞痛多在0点到6点发作，建议在睡前用长效钙拮抗剂；而劳力型心绞痛多在上午6时到12时发作，建议在晚上用β受体阻滞剂及钙拮抗剂。白天肠道功能相对亢进，因此白天用药比夜间吸收快、血液浓度高。选择正确的时间服用，才能使药物起到治疗的作用，而避免积累在体内，发生一些副作用，如肝肾损害等。

Choose the appropriate time.The onset of many diseases/Increase with ease with circadian rhythm changes,Such as variant angina/Cerebral thrombosis/Asthma often appear in the night,The onset of acute myocardial infarction and cerebral hemorrhage peak in the morning.For instance,,Should be able to cover the duration of angina pectoris angina drug seizures during peak hours:Variant angina onset of 0 to 6 PM in more,Advice before going to bed with a long-acting calcium antagonists;While Labour angina attack at 6 to 12 in the morning,Suggest using beta blockers and calcium channel blockers in the evening.Bowel function relative hyperthyroidism during the day,So the medication at night than during the day to absorb quickly/High concentrations of blood.Choose the right time,To make the drug have the effect of treatment,To avoid accumulation in the body,Some side effects,Such as liver and kidney damage.

　　胡欣建议，老人用药期间家人应关注其表现。老人有时觉得某些表现是由于“年龄大”引起的，没有及早关注，因此延误了治疗。老人在用药期间如果发现一些之前不常有的反应，也要及时和医生沟通。▲

Hu Xin advice,The old man family should focus on their performance during the medication.The old man sometimes think some performance is due"older"Caused by the,The lack of early attention,So delayed the treatment.Old man during the medication if found some reaction before have not always,Also want to timely communication with the doctor.Bring about