一起发生在复旦大学的毒杀案，连日来引起了社会的极大关注。而就在此案爆出后的第2天，又一起类似悲剧在南京航空航天大学上演，学生袁某拿水果刀捅向了舍友蒋某的胸部，致其身亡。

The poisoning case in fudan university,For days has attracted the attention of the whole society.In the case after 2 days,And a similar tragedy in nanjing university of aeronautics and astronautics,Students Yuan Mou take fruit knife tong to roommates earlier in the chest,To the dead.

　　本是同窗同寝的好友，最后竟要致对方于死地，这不禁让人在心中惊呼：这得有多大的恨！而上海警方的最新通报则让人大跌眼镜：嫌疑人只是因为生活琐事而致关系不合，导致心怀不满而预谋投毒。南京航空航天大学的血案，原因也仅是小小口角。

This is lay with her old friends,Finally to cause each other to death,This can not help but exclaim, let a person in the heart:This is how much hatred!The Shanghai police's latest report is surprising:The suspect just because of trivial life and relationships,Leads to disgruntled and plotting to poison.Nanjing university of aeronautics and astronautics killings,Because is only a little spat.

　　生活琐事缘何会酿成血案？不时爆出的大学生杀人事件，背后是否隐藏着严重的心理问题？应该如何进行预防和干预？这些问题，亟需得到解答。

Why life trivial things will attack?College students from time to time about the killings,Is hidden behind the serious psychological problems?How to prevention and intervention?These problems,Needs to be answered.

　　

复旦毒杀案： Fudan poison case:

　　

因生活琐事就动了杀机？ Due to the trivial life moved to the flank?

　　4月15日晚，复旦大学官方微博发布通报称，该校一医科在读研究生黄洋病重入院，寝室饮水机疑遭投毒，目前警方基本认定同寝室同学存在嫌疑。

On the evening of April 15th,Fudan university official micro bo release notice said,A graduate student at a medical Huang Yang sick to the hospital,Dormitory water dispenser was suspected poisoning,The police suspected that classmate there bedroom at present.

　　该微博一经发布，便在网上疯传。由于微博中没有说明嫌疑人投毒的原因，一时间网上出现了各种猜测。有消息称，林某与黄洋因存在竞争关系而心生嫉妒以致投毒，后复旦大学辟谣称两人在专业方面并无竞争关系；也有消息称，林某因与寝室另一人关系不合，在饮水机中投毒而误伤黄洋，事实证明也并非如此。

The weibo once released,It circulated on the Internet.Due to did not explain the reason of the suspected poisoning in weibo,At that time appeared online speculation.A source says,Lin mou and Huang Yang jealous that poisoning due to compete,After rumours of fudan university said two people in a professional aspect, there is no competition;Also reports that,Not because of the relationship with dormitory another pingyuan,Fire Huang Yang poison in the water dispenser,Facts prove that is not the case.

　　4月19日，上海警方以涉嫌故意杀人罪向上海市黄浦区人民检察院提请逮捕复旦大学“4·1”案犯罪嫌疑人林某。复旦研究生黄洋被投毒致死一案，就此进入了新的司法程序。

On April 19,,Shanghai police on suspicion of intentional homicide from Shanghai's huangpu district people's procuratorate to arrest at fudan university"4, 1"Pingyuan case suspect.A piece of the graduate student of fudan Huang Yang was poisoned to death,Entered the new judicial procedures.

　　而一直众说纷纭的作案动机也随之揭晓。警方通报称，经初步查明，林某因生活琐事与黄洋不和，心存不满，经事先预谋，将剧毒化合物N-二甲基亚硝胺从实验室带出，注入了寝室的饮水机水槽，黄洋饮用后中毒身亡。

The motive has been debated also announced.The police said,After the preliminary identified,Pingyuan because of trivial life and Huang Yang feud,unhappy,The planned in advance,Will highly toxic compounds, N - dimethyl nitrosamine from out of the lab,Water dispenser water tank into the bedroom,Huang Yang poisoning after drinking.

　　这样的作案动机令人大感意外，有网友发帖痛诉：到底是什么生活琐事严重到要毒死对方？就为了点生活琐事，毁了自己和他人的人生，值得吗？

Such a motive to make big surprise,Some netizens Posting v. pain:What is the life trivial matters seriously to kill each other?In order to some trivial life,Spoil yourself and others in life,Worth it??

　　不少人翻出嫌疑人微博中的只字片语，譬如称受害者为“黄屌丝”，又譬如其最后一条微博称，“有时候挺痛恨这个行业的，名义上叫做医生，但是面对病人，尤其面对那些急切想从这里解决困惑的病人，帮忙总不能帮到底，好比带一个问路者走了一段路，然后跟他说，你找别人帮忙吧”。林某微博上的生活感言，被看成是“恨意昭然”。

A lot of people turn out suspects a word in weibo,For example, called the victim"Yellow prick silk",Again like the last one weibo said,"Sometimes very hate this industry,Nominally called a doctor,But in the face of the patient,Especially in the face of those who eager to solve the confusion from here,Help can't help it,Like to take a questioner for a walk,Then talk to him,You find other people to help".Lin mou on weibo life speech,Be seen as"Hatred is clear".

　　而据知情人士透露，林某与黄洋关系不和已有一段时间，林某对黄洋的不满日积月累以致最终做出疯狂举动。复旦大学新闻发言人方明表示，校方也不知道究竟是什么样的琐事引发了投毒，对于这一点，校方也很想知道真相。

And, according to people familiar with the matter,Lin mou and Huang Yang relationship for a period of time,Pingyuan dissatisfaction with Huang Yang accumulate over a long period and ultimately make the madness.Fudan university spokesman shirakawa said,The school also don't know exactly what kind of things cause the poison,On this point,The school also want to know the truth.

　　“按照常理，人们不会因为一点生活琐事就去杀人，一定是常年累积下来，在某个时候突然爆发。”中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院神经科刘中霖副教授对南方日报记者表示，生活琐事往往只是一个诱因，背后一定是心理出了问题。

"According to the common sense,People won't because a little trivial life went to kill people,That must be accumulated throughout the year,At some point broke out suddenly."Associate professor at sun yat-sen memorial hospital, sun yat-sen university neurologist LiuZhongLin to southern daily reporters,Life trivial is often just a trigger,Behind must have psychological problems.

　　“小的心理问题也可变成顽疾，导致出现心理障碍。”刘中霖表示，做出疯狂举动的人大多属于冲动型人格，这种人往往因微小的事和精神刺激，就会突然爆发强烈的暴力行为，自己控制不住自己，从而造成破坏和伤害他人。“有些人可能属于冲动型人格，但是自己都不知道，久而久之，在一些小事的反复刺激下，说不定哪一天就爆发了。”

"Also can become a stubborn little psychological problem,Lead to psychological disorders."LiuZhongLin said,Make a madness most belong to the impulsive personality,Such people often for small things and mental stimulation,Intense violence will suddenly broke out,Control yourself,Thus cause damage and harm others."Some people may be impulsive personality,But she didn't know it,The passage of time,Under the repeated stimulation of some little things,Someday is broke out."

　　

校园血案频发： Frequent occurrence of school violence:

　　

小矛盾累积可能诱发心理疾病 Small contradictions accumulated may induce mental illness

　　复旦毒杀案一经披露，即引起广泛关注，也勾起了人们对18年前清华女生朱令铊中毒案的追忆，成为当下最热门话题之一。而就在复旦大学投毒案件侦破期间，各地接连再次发生校园惨案。

Fudan poison case once disclosed,Which caused wide public concern,Also reminded people of tsinghua girl 18 years ago zhu made a remnant of thallium poisoning,Become one of the most hot topic right now.During the poisoning cases in fudan university,Successively occur again around the campus massacre.

　　4月16日晚9时许，南京航空航天大学学生袁某在宿舍玩游戏，舍友蒋某因未带钥匙敲门，袁某未及时开门，双方发生口角并肢体冲突。袁某拿水果刀捅到蒋某胸部，蒋某抢救无效死亡。

On the evening of April 16, 9 PM,Students of nanjing university of aeronautics and astronautics Yuan Mou play games in the dormitory,Roommates earlier because of without knocking at the door keys,Yuan Mou failed to open the door,Both sides quarrel and conflict of body.Yuan Mou with fruit knife stabbed earlier chest,Earlier rescue invalid death.

　　4月17日晚8时30分左右，张家港沙洲职业工学院发生一起故意伤害案。该学院经管系2012级学生符某持水果刀窜至学校宿舍楼，无故将在该学院短期培训的学员曾某刺伤。经初步查明，符某因悲观厌世，几度想自杀没有勇气，便预谋用加害他人的方式来排解内心压力。

At 8:30 on the evening of April 17th or so,Zhangjiagang sandbars professional tech student with intentional injury.JingGuanXi the college class of 2012 students sign a paring knife channeling to school dormitory building,Without any reason to short-term training in the college students Ceng Mou stabbed.After the preliminary identified,Operator for pessimism,A few degrees to didn't have the courage to commit suicide,Then plotting to harm others ways to eliminate inner stress.

　　“看待这几起校园血案，不能光从事件本身去追究，而应看到事件背后的原因。”刘中霖表示，这几起校园案件的“凶手”都是病态人格，这是一种心理疾病，口角、不顺等只是血案的促发因素。“他们的心理出现了冲突，向内影响，导致身体不舒服；向外影响，则会促使他们不断进行破坏行为。”

"Look at this several school violence,Not to pursue the light from the event itself,But you should see the reasons behind the event."LiuZhongLin said,The several cases of campus"The murderer"Are morbid personality,This is a kind of mental illness,quarrel/Rather than just such as a precipitating factor for murder."They appeared psychological conflict,Inward effect,Cause the body uncomfortable;To the outside influence,Will be prompted their ongoing damage behavior."

　　据刘中霖介绍，病态人格和遗传、成长经历、社会和家庭环境等密切相关，有些人在各种环境综合作用下，会产生一种反社会的心理。有的热衷于搞恐怖袭击；有的喜欢发泄，但没有特定的对象，比如对着一棵树又打又踢。

According to LiuZhongLin,Personality disorder and heredity/To grow up/Is closely related to the social and family environment, etc,Some people are under various environment comprehensive effect,Can produce a kind of anti-social mentality.Some are keen to make terrorist attacks;Some like to vent,But there is no specific object,Such as on the tree and playing and playing.

　　而一些看似鸡毛蒜皮的小矛盾，如果得不到及时化解，日积月累，就会导致室友间产生误会，直至爆发“战争”，严重的还会诱发心理疾病。复旦毒杀案，又让人们想起了渐被忘却的“马加爵杀人事件”。据当时三亚市公安局一位民警透露，打牌时，别人说马加爵作弊后相互发生了口角，大家就把马加爵曾经的种种“劣迹”都给他说了，甚至还提到“吃饭时，连你广西老乡都不愿叫你了”之类的话。这使得马加爵彻底爆发，进而酿出血案。

And some of the seemingly frivolous little contradiction,If not promptly resolved,Accumulate over a long period,Will lead to misunderstanding between roommates,Until the outbreak of"The war",Serious still can cause mental illness.Fudan poison case,And reminds people of the forgotten gradually"Ma3 jia jue2 killings".At the time of sanya public security bureau revealed a policeman,CARDS,After cheating others say ma3 jia jue2 altercation happened to each other,Of ma3 jia jue2 once you give me"misdeeds"Was said to him,Even mentioned"When having a meal,Your hometown in guangxi are reluctant to call you"Saying things like,.This makes ma3 jia jue2 broke out completely,And then brew a murder case.

　　专家指出，现在的大学校园内，学业竞争、人际关系紧张等因素都有可能导致学生产生心理问题，有时，一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事也能成为引发他们心理失调的原因。追究深层次原因，还可以追溯到这些学生在小时候接受的应试教育和不适当的家庭教育，它给人造成的压抑感、孤独感可以长期存在，学生们一旦忍不住，这种情绪就会像火山一样爆发。

Experts point out that,Now the university campus,Academic competition/Other factors, such as interpersonal tensions are likely to lead to student psychological problems,sometimes,Some trivial things can be causes of their psychological disorders.Shall be investigated for underlying causes,Also can be traced back to the student takes an exam the education accepted in childhood and improper family education,It caused depressive feeling/Loneliness can exist for a long time,Once the students couldn't help it,The mood will be erupted like volcano.

　　“其实许多矛盾都是因为一些生活琐事引发的，但解决不好、长期积累就会引发大问题，影响到学生心理健康甚至引发更为严重的冲突。”心理咨询师刘希庆表示，他在咨询中经常会遇到，有的学生与其他宿舍的人关系处得很好，一到自己宿舍关系就处理不好；有的宿舍出现了几个人合起来孤立一个同学，甚至最后把这个同学赶出宿舍的情况。

"Actually, many contradictions are because of some trivial life,But the solution is not good/Long-term accumulation of the result will be a big problem,Affect the students' mental health and even cause more serious conflict."Psychological consultant LiuXiQing said,He often met in counseling,Some students will have a good relationship with other dorms,To their dormitory relations processes is not good;Some dormitory a few people together to isolate a classmate,Even the last the students out of dormitory.

　　据专家介绍，事实上，不少大学生意识不到自己的心理危机或疾病，不会主动向心理咨询中心或是专家寻求解决方法。例如一些大学生经常口口声声说“郁闷”、“空虚”或是“寂寞”、“无奈”等，这就有可能是产生心理问题的初期症状；而失恋、考试不及格、不会做家务、受到同学嘲讽等在平时看来没什么大不了的事情，也可能成为导致他们情绪崩溃的导火索。

According to expert introduction,In fact,,Many college students don't realize their psychological crisis or disease,Does not take the initiative in seeking solutions to psychological counseling center or experts method.For example, some college students often claim"depressed"/"empty"or"lonely"/"Is helpless", etc.,This is probably the early symptoms of psychological problems;lovelorn/Don't pass the exam/Will not do household chores/Students ridicule, etc. It seems it's not a big deal in usual things,Can also be a prelude to lead to emotional breakdown.

　　刘中霖提醒道，一旦心中出现郁闷、焦虑等症状要及时倾吐，或上学校心理咨询中心倾听专家的意见，尽早发现问题，并将问题消灭在萌芽状态，千万不要憋在自己心中，自己钻牛角尖。同时一些性格孤僻内向的学生可以多参加集体活动，扩大交友圈子，多听朋友老师的建议。如果情况严重，应该配合药物治疗。记者 赵兵辉 实习生 梁量 通讯员 王海芳

LiuZhongLin warned,Once appear depressed in my heart/Symptoms such as anxiety to pour out in time,Or on the school counseling center to listen to expert opinion,Found the problem as soon as possible,And problems in the bud,Don't suppress in mind,Obsess yourself.At the same time, some withdrawn introverted students can participate in collective activities,Expand the dating scene,Listen friend the teacher's advice.If the situation is serious,Should cooperate with medical treatment.Reporter correspondent Wang Haifang liang zhao hui intern

　　

■深度分析 S in-depth analysis

　　

情商教育缺失导致“心”悲剧 Lack of emotional intelligence education cause"heart"tragedy

　　就在复旦学生黄洋遭人投毒不幸去世之时的短短几日内，大学校园里又现凶案，江苏、江西三所高校接连发生杀害同学的恶性案件。让公众在痛心之余又开始把目光聚集到了大学生心理问题上。

At fudan students Huang Yang was poisoning died within a few days,University campus is murder,jiangsu/Spate of jiangxi colleges students murder malignant cases.For the public in distressed began to focus on the college students' mental problems.

　　中国疾控中心较早前的一项调查统计显示：全国大学生中，约10%-25.4%的大学生有心理问题。有高达25.4%的人有焦虑不安、神经衰弱、强迫症状和抑郁情绪等心理障碍。华南师范大学心理咨询研究中心主任李江雪谈到，大学生心理问题凸显出现代情商教育缺失，无论学校还是家庭教育，更多追逐功利，轻视情感和心理培育。

Chinese center for disease control and prevention a survey statistics show that earlier:The national college students,About 10% - 25.4% of college students have psychological problems.Have as much as 25.4% of people have anxiety/neurasthenia/Psychological barriers force symptom and depression, etc.South China normal university psychological counseling research center director li xue said,College students psychological problems highlight modern lack of eq education,Regardless of school or family education,More chasing utilitarian,Look down on emotional and psychological training.

　　

人际关系带来的心理问题突出 Relationships lead to psychological problems

　　广东省省情调查研究中心曾对全省部分本科院校的在校大学生进行了问卷调查，从学生自我评价、学习环境、就业压力、感情问题、人际关系、家庭状况等方面全面审视大学生目前的心理健康状况。整体情况不容乐观。“在你认为自己常处在哪种情绪中”的调查中，26.3%的人选择了郁闷、无聊、烦躁；而遇到心理问题，同学们普遍缺乏有效方式，“如果你遇到不顺心的事，如何解决”，54.2%的同学选择了“强忍”和“逆来顺受”，而选择“找父母倾诉”和“找心理咨询机构”的仅占8%。

Guangdong province feeling research center for the province part of the undergraduate course colleges and universities of college students conducted a questionnaire survey,Self assessment from students/The learning environment/Employment pressure/Emotional problem/Interpersonal relationships/Family situation, etc, the comprehensive condition of psychological health of college students at present.The overall situation is not optimistic."In you think you is what kind of mood"In the survey,26.3% of people chose the depressed/boring/Be agitated;And psychological problems,Students generally lack of effective way,"If you encounter goes wrong,How to solve",54.2% of students chose"Fight back"and"Roll with the punches",And choose"Looking for your parents"and"Looking for a psychological consultancy"Only 8% of.

　　李江雪表示，在人际关系方面，近几年呈现的心理问题比较突出。像此次复旦投毒事件、南京航空航天大学刺杀事件均祸起人际关系中的矛盾。有些学生表现为人际敏感，在与他人交往过程中，经常发生一些摩擦、冲突和情感损伤，这难免引起一部分学生的孤独感，从而产生压抑和焦虑；有些学生表现为人际交往心理障碍，因为语言表达能力较差，使得他们害怕与他人沟通思想感情，把自己的内心情感世界封闭起来，这种人经常处于一种要求交往而又害怕交往的矛盾之中，很容易导致孤独、抑郁或自卑；还有些学生因为性格上的不合群，在新同学中不被理解而遭排斥，其中一部分人便独来独往，不与他人接触，久而久之就产生一种受冷落或性格孤僻、粗暴等心理倾向。

Li xue said,In terms of interpersonal relationships,In recent years show an obvious psychological problems.Like the fudan poisoning events/Nanjing university of aeronautics and astronautics assassination all start interpersonal conflicts in a relationship.Some of the students show the interpersonal sensitivity,In the process of interaction with others,Often happen some friction/Conflict and emotional damage,This inevitably cause part of the loneliness of students,Resulting in a depression and anxiety;Some of the students show the interpersonal psychological barriers,Because language expression ability is poor,Make them afraid to communicate thoughts and feelings with others,The inner emotional world of enclosed himself up,Such people often are in a asked exchanges and contacts the contradiction of fear,It is easy to lead to loneliness/Depression or low self esteem;Also, some students because of the character don't fit in,In the new students not to be understood by exclusion,Some of them is alone,Don't contact with others,The passage of time will produce a kind of left out or withdrawn/Violent psychological tendency.

　　面对诸多心理问题，李江雪分析说，这还是一个情商教育问题。我们国家现在依旧没有跳出应试教育的窠臼，过分倚重知识的传授，衡量学生优劣的标准更多是外在价值标准，比如成绩、获得的荣誉奖项等；而对学生心理健康、人格健全、是非判断标准、价值观念的教育却是缺失的，当然也包括对敬畏生命教育的缺失等。

Faced with so many psychological problems,Li xue analysis said,This is a question of eq education.Now our country is still not jump out of the trap of exam-oriented education,An excessive emphasis the imparting of knowledge,More is the extrinsic value standard of success for students,Such as performance/Win honor award, etc;For students' mental health/Healthy personalities/Right and wrong judgment standard/Values education is missing,, of course, also include the fear of the lack of life education, etc.

　　

探究人格缺失从童年开始 To explore the personality from childhood

　　李江雪还谈到，人际交往问题背后是人格的缺失，而走向极端，制造校园惨案者这或许存在人格障碍。

Li also talked about snow,Interpersonal problems behind is the lack of personality,Go to extremes,Manufacturing campus tragedy is that there may be a personality disorder.

　　中国精神心理疾病分类与诊断标准第三版对“人格障碍”诊断标准为：指人格特征明显偏离正常，使病人形成了一贯的反映个人生活风格和人际关系的异常行为模式。李江雪介绍，人格障碍通常呈现这样一些特点：一般始于青春期，都有紊乱不定的心理特点和难以相处的人际关系；常把自己所遇到的困难都归咎于命运或别人的错处；认为自己对别人无任何责任；总是走到哪里就把自己的猜疑、仇视和固有的看法带到哪里；其行为后果常伤及他人等。

Spirit of Chinese classification and diagnostic criteria for the third edition of mental illness"A personality disorder"Diagnostic criteria for:Refers to the personality traits significantly deviate from the normal,Make patient formed consistently reflect the personal style and interpersonal behavior patterns.Li xue is introduced,Personality disorders are often presents such characteristics:Generally begins in adolescence,There are disorders of psychological characteristics and hard to get along with interpersonal relationship;Often the difficulties of themselves are to blame fate or other people's mistakes;Think you do not have any responsibility to others;Always go to their suspicion/Hatred and natural views to where;Its consequences often hurt others, etc.

　　人格障碍形成的原因比较复杂，大量研究资料和临床实践表明，生物、心理、社会环境等方面因素都会对人格的形成产生影响。李江雪解析说，孩童期遭遇的精神创伤往往可影响成年后的心理。比如婴幼儿期与母亲分离、家庭感情破裂、长辈过分溺爱、不合理的教育等。还有自身性格因素，为何有的人遇到挫折可越挫越勇，有的人却从此萎靡不振，性格敏感、心思细腻内向的人更容易走极端。社会因素则如前文所述，当今社会存在重物质、重荣誉、重外在的风气，学生只有听话、学习好、获奖多才会得到父母喜爱、社会认同，缺乏心理建设，内心脆弱，一旦遇到更优秀的对手就会出现心理阴暗面。

The causes of the formation of personality disorder is more complex,A large number of research materials and clinical practice shows,biological/psychological/Social environment, etc factors will have an effect on the formation of personality.Li xue said,Childhood experience of psychological trauma often can affect adults.Such as infants and young children period separated from the mother/Family relationship/Overlove elders/The unreasonable education, etc.Have their own personality factors,Why can some people encounter setbacks more lost more brave,Some people are depressed,Personality is sensitive/Toughing introverted people are more likely to go to extremes.Social factors such as mentioned above,In today's society there are heavy material/Heavy honor/Heavy outside,Students only listen/Study well/Winners will get more parents love/Social identity,Lack of psychological,Heart is fragile,Once encountered a good opponent will appear psychological dark side.

　　

如何进行心理干预 How to carry out psychological intervention

　　青年罪犯这一群体的人格特征有其独特性，不健全的人格是他们产生犯罪行为的心理根源。杀人者由于在成长过程中未学会通过合理途径释放攻击能量，当面临挫伤时，攻击能量逐渐蓄积，加上年轻气盛，自控力弱，最终使攻击能量冲破“自我”压制倾泻而出，以致他人死地而后快。

Young criminals personality characteristics of this group has its uniqueness,Unsound personality is they generate the psychological root of crime.The killers because in the process of growth did not learn to attack the energy released by reasonable ways,When faced with contusion,Attack power gradually accumulate,Combined with young guys,Self-control is weak,Eventually broke through the attack energy"self"Pour out,So that other people to death.

　　因此，从发展的观点看，预防犯罪行为，应从健康人格塑造抓起，加强个体教育，培养良好的心理品质是预防犯罪的关键。处于“危险之春”的青年犯罪问题已向现代教育提出了严峻的挑战。对于此类大学生，要重视心理健康辅导，帮助他们广开渠道疏通攻击能量，以促进人格健康发展。一是加强人际交往，建立心理支持网络。受挫时找人倾诉，以释放怨恨与不满。其次人际交往中受到伤害时，要以适当方式表达不满，使他人明白而收敛自己的行为，同时避免怨恨蓄积。记者 李劼

so,From a development point of view,To prevent crime,To shape healthy personality should be seized,Strengthen individual education,Cultivate good psychological quality is the key to prevent crime.In the"Danger in the spring"Youth crime has to modern education put forward severe challenges.For such students,To attach importance to mental health counseling,Help them to open up more avenues salability attack power,In order to promote the healthy development of personality.One is to strengthen the interpersonal communication,Mental support network is established.Someone to talk when you frustrated,In order to release the anger and discontent.Then all is hurt when interpersonal communication,To express dissatisfaction in the proper manner,Make others understand their behavior and convergence,At the same time to avoid the accumulation of resentment.The reporter li jieren