前列腺增生问题常被一些卖药、开诊所的不良商家当作摇钱树。有增生就得治，否则不育、不举，甚至癌症之类的问题全来了。然而中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院院长助理、泌尿外科郭正辉教授指出，并非所有的前列腺患者都需治疗，在症状不明显，对患者生活质量影响较小且无明显苦恼，在相当长的时间内没有明显变化的这些患者，一般会采用“观察等待”的治疗方法，即暂时不予以任何治疗，而是观察其病情变化，定期做检查。

前列腺增生问题常被一些卖药/Open clinic, undesirable businessman as a cash cow.Have hyperplasia have to cure,Otherwise sterility/Don't move,Even issues such as the whole to the cancer.however中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院院长助理/Urology Guo Zhenghui professor pointed out,Not all patients with prostate cancer treatment,The symptom is not obvious,Impact on patients quality of life small and has no obvious distress,In quite a long time have no obvious changes in these patients,Generally used"Watchful waiting"The treatment method,Namely, temporarily not be any treatment,But the condition change was observed,Do check on a regular basis.

　　

尿频是早期信号 Frequency is the early signal

　　前列腺增生症是老年男性的常见疾病，又称前列腺肥大。男性前列腺一般在30岁以后开始发生增生的病理改变，50岁以后出现相关症状，是老年男性的“健康杀手”。郭正辉表示，在日常生活中大多数人因为对前列腺增生的症状不了解，在疾病发生时未能及时发现并治疗而耽误病情。

前列腺增生症Are older men常见疾病,Also called hypertrophy of the prostate.Male prostate hyperplasia of generally occurs after 30 years old began to pathological changes,Associated symptoms after age 50,Are older men"Health killer".Guo Zhenghui said,Most people in their daily lives because of prostate hyperplasia symptoms don't understand,When disease failed to found and delay an illness treatment.

　　郭正辉介绍，前列腺增生主要有两组症状：一是膀胱刺激症状；另一种是梗阻性症状。

郭正辉介绍,Prostate hyperplasia basically has two groups of symptoms:A bladder irritation symptoms;Another kind is obstructive symptoms.

　　膀胱刺激症状主要表现为：尿频、尿急、夜尿增多及急迫性尿失禁。尿频是前列腺增生的早期信号，尤其夜尿次数增多更有临床意义。原来不起夜的老人如果出现夜间1-2次的排尿，常常反映出早期梗阻的来临，而从每夜2次发展至每夜4-5次甚至更多，说明了病变的发展及加重。

膀胱刺激症状主要表现为:Frequent urination/urgency/Increased nocturia and urge incontinence.Frequency is an early sign of hyperplasia of prostate,Especially night urination number increase more clinical significance.Old man didn't a night if there is a 1-2 times urinate at night,The coming of the early often reflect obstruction,And every night every night from 2 to 4-5 times or more,Indicates that the development of the lesions and aggravating.

　　出现排尿无力、尿线变细和尿滴沥症状，是由于增生前列腺的梗阻，患者排尿要使用更大的力量克服阻力，所以排尿费力。增生前列腺将尿道压瘪导致了尿线变细，随着病情的发展，还可能出现排尿中断，排尿后滴沥不尽等症状。郭正辉谈到血尿，增大的前列腺表面有许多血管，这些血管在压力增高的情况下，会发生破裂，使得尿液中带血即为血尿。此外，前列腺增生较重的患者，有时可以因为受凉、饮酒、憋尿时间过长或感染等原因引起腺体及膀胱颈部充血水肿导致尿液无法排出而发生急性尿潴留。

出现排尿无力/Line thinner and dribbling urine symptom,Is due to the obstruction of hyperplasia of prostate,Patient micturition to use more power to overcome the resistance,So the micturition arduous.Hyperplasia of prostate gland will urethral pressure results in a urinary flat line,With the development of the disease,May also occur micturition interrupts,After micturition drop not wait for a symptom.Guo Zhenghui said of blood in the urine,There are a lot of blood vessels, increase of the surface of the prostate,These blood vessels under the condition of the pressure increased,Fracture will happen,Made with blood in the urine is blood in the urine.In addition,Hyperplasia of prostate heavier patients,Sometimes because of catch cold catch cold/Drinking alcohol/A full bladder caused time is too long or infection and bladder neck glands congestion edema caused urine cannot eduction, acute urinary retention.

　　

手术治疗非首选 Surgical treatment of first choice

　　郭正辉教授说，目前，前列腺增生的治疗方式主要有观察等待、药物治疗、手术治疗和微创治疗等。每种治疗方案均有优势和风险，需要针对患者的具体情况，选择合理的治疗方案，使患者获益的同时，尽量避免并发症的发生。

郭正辉教授说,At present,Hyperplasia of prostate treatment mainly with watchful waiting/Drug treatment/Surgery and minimally invasive treatment, etc.Each treatment has the advantages and risks,Need according to the specific condition of patients,Choose reasonable treatment scheme,使患者获益的At the same time,Try to avoid complications.

　　郭正辉教授表明，很多前列腺增生患者是在体检中发现的，他们的症状并不明显，对患者的生活质量影响较小且无明显苦恼，而且在相当长的时间内没有明显变化。对于这些患者，一般会采用“观察等待”的治疗方法，即暂时不给予任何治疗而仅仅观察其病情变化。在观察等待期间，医生会要求患者每年至少需要随访一次，随访内容包括症状变化情况、直肠指检、前列腺B超检查、尿液检查、尿流率的测定等，并通过与之前检查结果的比较，来判断前列腺的增生情况和是否需要接受积极治疗等。一旦观察等待的患者出现明显的临床症状，如尿频、尿急、夜尿、尿失禁、排尿疼痛等，或者出现严重的并发症，如血尿，应该去医院接受进一步的检查和治疗。

郭正辉教授表明,Many patients with prostatic hyperplasia was found in physical examination,Their symptoms are not obvious,Impact on the quality of life of patients with small and has no obvious distress,And there was no significant change in a long time.For these patients,Generally used"Watchful waiting"The treatment method,Namely, temporarily don't give any treatment and only observe the condition changes.During a watchful waiting,The doctor will ask patients need to followed up at least once a year,Follow-up changes include symptoms/A digital rectal inspection/Prostate B ultrasonic examination/urinalysis/Measurement of urinary flow rate, etc,And comparing with the test results before,Judge whether the prostate hyperplasia and need active treatment, etc.Once the watchful waiting obvious clinical symptoms of patients,Such as the need to urinate/urgency/Night urination/Urinary incontinence/Painful urination, etc.,Or severe complications,Such as blood in the urine,You should go to hospital for further examination and treatment.

　　郭正辉教授说，对大多数轻至中度患者，建议药物治疗，常用的药物有三大类：第一类：α受体阻滞剂，可以明显改善病人排尿费力和尿频的症状。如坦索罗辛和特拉唑嗪等；第二类：5α还原酶抑制剂，可以使前列腺增生的发展得到控制，在一定程度上使前列腺缩小。如非那雄胺、度他雄胺等；第三类：植物药，如普适泰等。

郭正辉教授说,For most patients with mild to moderate,Suggested that drug treatment,There are three categories of commonly used drugs:The first kind of:Alpha blockers,Can obviously improve the symptom of the patient micturition arduous and frequent urination.Such as solo sheen and terazosin;The second type of:5 alpha reductase inhibitors,Can control the development of hyperplasia of prostate,Prostate was reduced to some extent.Such as finasteride/Degree of his male amine etc.;The third kind:Plant medicine,Such as universal ty.

　　郭正辉教授称，只有药物治疗效果不佳或拒绝接受药物治疗的患者，当前列腺增生合并反复尿潴留、反复血尿、反复泌尿系感染等并发症时，才建议手术治疗。郭正辉教授提醒，有很小一部分前列腺增生的患者在手术后会复发，原因是不论是开放手术，还是经尿道电切或激光切除前列腺，都是把增生的前列腺组织切除，而前列腺的包膜还在体内，包膜还有可能患病，如前列腺癌和前列腺炎等。所以，手术后的患者如有不适时，应及时到医院复查。

郭正辉教授称,Only medication the effect not beautiful or refused to accept patients with drug treatment,When prostate hyperplasia combined repeated urinary retention/Repeated blood in the urine/Complications such as recurrent urinary tract infections,Just suggest surgery.Professor Guo Zhenghui remind,Have a small part of hyperplasia of prostate patients relapse after operation,Reason is whether open surgery,Or transurethral electric cutting and laser resection of the prostate,Are the hyperplasia of prostate tissue removal,The prostate capsule in the body,Capsule may be ill,Such as prostatitis and prostate cancer.so,If you have not timely after surgery patients,Should be timely to the hospital to review.

　　

不必过于担心会癌变 Don't have to worry too much about the cancer

　　关于前列腺增生与前列腺癌之间的关系，医学界存在着意见分歧。认为前列腺增生与前列腺癌之间有关联的学者发现，在前列腺增生患者中，前列腺癌的发病率和死亡率均较无前列腺增生者为高。另一个重要论据为前列腺增生后其增生的组织有时会形成结节，而增生结节不断增殖，其内部的组织细胞可能会异乎寻常地生长，这就不能排除癌变的可能，因为癌症的本质就是组织细胞无限制地增长。而且有的学者还确实发现有的前列腺增生的外层组织中存在着微小癌症病灶。

关于前列腺增生与前列腺癌之间的关系,There is a disagreement in the medical community.Think between prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer related academics found,In patients with prostatic hyperplasia,Prostate cancer incidence and mortality are less prostate thickening of living is high.Another important arguments for hyperplasia of prostate hyperplasia after its organization form nodules sometimes,And hyperplastic nodule proliferate,Its internal cells could grow unusually,It cannot be ruled out the possibility of canceration,Because of the nature of cancer tissue is unlimited growth.And some scholars also did find some prostate cancer there is a tiny lesions in the outer layer of tissue.

　　认为前列腺增生与前列腺癌无关的学者并未发现前列腺增生病人中前列腺癌的发病率和死亡率与非前列腺增生者有什么不同；而且其它一些资料表明，前列腺增生与前列腺癌在前列腺内发生的部位不同。前列腺增生多发生于侧叶及中叶，一般不发生于后叶，但前列腺癌却最多见于后叶。前列腺的侧叶与后叶无论从胚胎发生，解剖部位，乃至生理、病理上均不相同，因此很难找到这两种疾病之间的因果关系。

认为前列腺增生与前列腺癌无关的学者并未发现前列腺增生病人中前列腺癌的发病率和死亡率与非前列腺增生者有什么不同;And other data show,Hyperplasia of prostate and prostate cancer in the prostate gland in different parts.Hyperplasia of prostate develops in side lobe and middle,Don't usually occurs after the leaf,But most found in posterior lobe of the prostate.Prostatic lateral lobes and posterior lobe in embryogenesis,Anatomical site,And even the physical/Pathology are not the same,so很难找到这两种疾病之间的因果关系.

　　鉴于前列腺增生的发病率相当高，而前列腺癌的发病率较少；较严重的前列腺增生多能得到切除治疗；以及前列腺增生与癌累及的前列腺叶完全不同等事实，有理由相信，前列腺增生一般不会变成癌症，即使它们之间有某种松散的或者尚未察觉的关系。患前列腺增生的老年男性应该很容易诊治增生症，不必过于担心前列腺增生会变成癌。

鉴于前列腺增生的发病率相当高,And the incidence of prostate cancer is less;More severe hyperplasia of prostate can get removal treatment;And prostate hyperplasia and carcinoma involving facts such as leaf is completely different,There is reason to believe that,Hyperplasia of prostate does not generally become cancerous,Even though they had some kind of loose or not yet aware of relations between.Older men should be easy to make a diagnosis and give treatment of hyperplasia of prostate hyperplasia,Don't have to worry too much about the prostate hyperplasia may become cancer.

　　

■健康加油站 S health service station

　　

前列腺增生常规检查 Hyperplasia of prostate routine inspection

　　怀疑前列腺增生应该做以下检查：

怀疑前列腺增生应该做以下检查:

　　1、直肠指诊：前列腺增大时横径和纵径都增大，质地较韧，表面光滑，中央沟消失；

1/The rectum dre:Prostate enlargement in transverse diameter and pitch diameter increases,A fat -,A smooth surface,The central sulcus disappeared;

　　2、超声检查：可显示前列腺增生的程度，测定残余尿等等；

2/ultrasound:It can display the degree of hyperplasia of prostate,Determination of residual urine and so on;

　　3、尿流率检查：尿流率降低；

3/Urine flow rate test:Urine flow rate lower;

　　4、血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的测定：PSA是前列腺器官特异的指标，PSA明显升高主要见于前列腺癌，在前列腺增生患者中，PSA也可以升高，但上升幅度相对较小；

4/Serum prostate specific antigen(PSA)The determination of:PSA is prostate specific indicators,PSA significantly increased mainly in prostate cancer,In patients with prostatic hyperplasia,PSA can also rise,But rise is relatively small;

　　5、尿液分析：前列腺增生病人的尿常规检查有时可以正常，出现尿路感染时可见白细胞尿，还可判断有无血尿。

5/Urine analysis:Hyperplasia of prostate patients routine urine examination can sometimes is normal,A urinary tract infection in visible white blood urine,Can also determine presence of blood in the urine.

　　

如何预防前列腺增生 How to prevent prostate hyperplasia

　　郭正辉教授说，由于前列腺增生直接影响男性的排尿功能，引起尿频等一系列的症状，甚至损害肾功能，带来严重的后果，所以建议做好前列腺增生预防工作：

郭正辉教授说,Due to hyperplasia of prostate affect men's urination function directly,Urinary frequency caused by a series of symptoms,Even the kidney damage,Have serious consequences,So suggest to do a good job of prostate hyperplasia of prevention:

　　1)规律生活，避免过劳，坚持体育锻炼，增强体质；

1)Regular life,Avoid overfatigue,Insist on physical exercise,Enhanced physique;

　　2)饮食适宜清淡，适当的饮水，不要吸烟喝酒；

2)Diet is suitable for light,Proper drinking water,Don't smoke and drink;

　　3)控制好情绪，尽量不要大喜大悲；

3)Control the mood,As far as possible don't like earlier;

　　4)避免长时间骑自行车和坐硬物；

4)Avoid riding a bicycle and take a hard long time;

　　5)不要憋尿，有尿意时要注意及时排尿；

5)Don't hold back the urine,Have pay attention to timely urine when you urinate;

　　6)保持大便通畅，防止便秘；

6)Maintain defecate unobstructed,Prevent constipation;

　　7)多吃蜂蜜，以及含番茄红素和锌多的食物；

7)Eat honey,And contain the food with much lycopene and zinc;

　　8)适当节制性生活，常用热水坐浴或洗热水澡；

8)Appropriate abstemious sexual life,Commonly used hot water sitz bath or shower;

　　9)慎用影响排尿的药物，及时检查和治疗影响排尿的疾病。记者 李劼 通讯员 王海芳

9)Careful affect micturition of drugs,Timely check and treatment of diseases affect micturition.Reporter li jieren the correspondent Wang Haifang