过度爬山反易使老人患上膝骨关节炎。全景供图

Excessive climbing counter is easy to make the old man suffer from knee osteoarthritis.Panoramic for

　　春暖花开，天气潮湿，许多中老年朋友感到膝关节酸痛，上下楼梯困难，甚至出现关节肿胀，行走不便等。记者为此采访了深圳市第二人民医院针灸科主任徐佳。徐佳解释说，入春以来膝关节炎患者有所增加，而且有年轻化的趋势，近40岁的患者也出现了该病。出现以上症状的患者多为膝骨关节炎，这是中老年人的常见病和多发病，也是致残的主要原因。目前我国60岁以上的人群中，骨关节炎的患病率达50%，75岁以上的人群可达到80%，致残率53%。

春暖花开,The weather is wet,Many middle-aged and old friends feel knee soreness,Up and down the stairs difficult,There are even joint swelling,行走不便, etc..This reporter interviewed Xu Jia, director of the shenzhen second people's hospital of acupuncture.Xu Jia explains,In patients with knee arthritis has increased since spring,And has a younger trend,Have appeared in the patients with the disease nearly 40 years old.The above symptoms of patients of knee osteoarthritis,This is a common disease and frequently-occurring disease in the elderly,It is the leading cause of disability.At present our country of the population aged over 60,The prevalence of osteoarthritis by up to 50%,People over the age of 75 can reach 80%,Morbidity of 53%.

　　

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年龄越大患病率越高 The higher the prevalence of age

　　

徐佳介绍，导致膝骨关节患病的主要因素为： Xu Jia introduction,Lead to the main factors of knee joint illness:

　　其一，年龄。通常，女性自50岁开始出现症状，到六七十岁，年龄越大患病率越高。从这个意义上讲，可以将此病称为成人病或老年病。所以，随着社会的老龄化，患者的数量将不断增多。男性中则以60—70岁年龄段发病人数居多，其患病时间较女性约晚10年。

其一,age.usually,Female symptoms started since the age of 50,To the 60 s,The higher the prevalence of age.In this sense,Can be referred to as adult-onset disease or aging.so,With the aging of the society,The number of patients will continue to increase.In men with 60-70 age group in the majority,His illness for a woman for about 10 years later.

　　其二，性别。患病率女性比男性高4—5倍。主要原因是：受女性激素的影响，女性比男性肌肉少且弱。加之女性的肥胖倾向多。

其(2),gender.4, 5 times higher prevalence of women than men.The main reason is that:Influenced by the female hormone,Women than men few and weak muscles.Combined with obesity in women tend to be more.

　　其三，肥胖。这也是引起此病的主要因素。为了要支撑住重的身体，膝盖的负担势必会加重。据研究，体胖的人其关节软骨的磨损是从承受体重压力多的关节内侧开始的。一般患有膝关节病的人，一活动、一走路就疼痛，于是，活动量就相应地减少，继而因活动不足而导致体胖。为了避免陷入这样的恶性循环，应注意防止肥胖。

其three,obesity.This is also a major cause of the disease.In order to sustain heavy body,The burden of the knee is bound to increase.According to the research,Fat people wear of articular cartilage from the weight under pressure more joints inside.Generally people with knee joint disease,A activity/As soon as you walk the pain,so,Activity is correspondingly reduced,Which in turn lead to body fat due to lack of activity.To avoid falling into the vicious circle,Should pay attention to prevent obesity.

　　其四，年轻时受过伤，例如膝盖及其周围部位的骨折、半月板及韧带受损等。还有为锻炼身体而反复过量地爬楼梯、爬山所造成的慢性损伤也是该病年轻化的一个原因。

其four,Injured when she was young,Such as the knee and the surrounding parts of the fracture/半月板及韧带受损, etc..Have repeatedly for exercising in excess climb the stairs/Climbing the mountain caused by chronic injury is also one reason for the rejuvenation of the disease.

　　

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膝骨关节炎可分为三期 Knee osteoarthritis can be divided into three periods

　　

据了解，膝骨关节炎的分期可分为初期、中期和后期—— We have learned,Osteoarthritis of the knee stage can be divided into the early/Mid - and late -

　　初期：无强烈的自觉症状，发展缓慢，发病时间不明。变形性膝关节病随着病情的发展，上下台阶、外出步行，以及站立就座等日常活动受限，行动不便。不过，这类情况并非一下子就严重的，通常要经过多年的缓慢发展过程。

初期:Without a strong subjective symptom,Slow development,Onset time is unknown.Deformation knee joint disease along with the development of the disease,Up and down the steps/Go out to walk,以及站立就座, etc.日常活动受限,Action inconvenience.but,This kind of situation is not serious at one fell swoop,Usually after years of slow development.

　　膝关节病最初期的症状是“清晨一开始活动时膝盖发硬”，这种膝盖发硬的感觉只是在清晨活动开始时的4—5分钟以内，多数人白天无任何不适感。于是，患者本人并不在意。这个阶段的时间长短因人而异，有的人l—2个月，有的人则持续数年。时而缓解，时而又出现。

膝关节病最初期的症状是"Knee stiff when activities at the beginning in the early morning",This knee stiff feeling only in the activities at the beginning of the morning 4-5 minutes,Most of the day without any discomfort.so,Patient I don't mind.The duration of this stage is different from person to person,Some people l - 2 months,Others have lasted for years.From time to time to relieve,From time to time again.

　　中期：症状不易去除，有明显的痛感肿胀发热膝关节内积水。由于痛得厉害，诸如正坐、深度弯曲及下蹲等姿势基本上做不到。还有上下楼梯时也疼痛，特别是上楼比下楼更痛。平时则拖着腿走路(跛行)。

中期:Symptoms is not easy to remove,Has obvious swelling pain hot water accumulation in the knee.Because of the pain,Such as sitting/深度弯曲及squats, etc.姿势基本上做不到.With up and down the stairs and pain,Especially in more pain than upstairs and downstairs.At ordinary times is dragging their legs to walk(limp).

　　后期：疼痛加剧，影响日常生活。即行走、正坐、下蹲、上下楼、上下车等行动大受限制，而且社会活动也受到影响。它不只是表现在肉体的症状上，在患者的精神方面也同样会出现异常。

后期:The pain intensified,Affect daily life.The walk/Is sit/squats/Building up and down/上下车, etc.行动大受限制,And social activities have also been affected.It is not only reflected in physical symptoms,In the patient's mental health can also be abnormal.

　　

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中西医结合治疗效果好 Combine traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment effect is good

　　出现相关症状后，如何能够诊断是否患上膝骨关节炎呢？徐佳介绍，检查诊断该病有如下方式：(1)X片可以清楚拍摄到关节部骨质的变化情况；(2)核磁共振检查可观察关节内部半月板及韧带、关节囊情况是否有积液等；(3)血液检查可做鉴别诊断。

出现相关症状后,How to diagnose whether suffering from knee osteoarthritis?Xu Jia introduction,Check the diagnosis of the disease are as follows:(1)X-ray can be clear to the joints of the change of bone;(2)Mri can look inside the joint ligament and meniscus/关节囊情况是否有积液, etc.;(3)Blood tests can make differential diagnosis.

　　治疗方面则分为手术及非手术治疗。 手术治疗即膝关节镜下探查并清除术，以及膝关节置换术。非手术治疗则以中西医结合疗效较好。中医治疗：(1)针灸选穴：犊鼻、足三里、血海等穴针刺并加灸，也可在选穴上刺血拔罐；(2)中药活血化淤温经祛湿方内服，也可外用熏洗。西医治疗：(1)物理治疗：热疗、水疗、红外线等；(2)口服氨基葡萄糖以促生滑液润滑关节，疼痛甚者可服用镇痛药以缓解疼痛。

治疗方面则分为手术及非手术治疗. Surgical treatment of the knee joint mirror detection and removal,And knee joint replacement.Nonsurgical treatment with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine has good curative effect.The doctor of traditional Chinese medicine treatment:(1)Acupuncture pick acupuncture point:St 35/St 36/血海, etc.穴针刺并加灸,Can also be used on the selected point. Blood;(2)Chinese medicine huoxue huayu temperature by qushi take orally,Also can use fumigation.Western medicine treatment:(1)Physical therapy:Heat treatment/The spa/红外线, etc.;(2)Lubrication of oral glucosamine to catalyse synovial fluid,What pain can take pain medicine to ease the pain.

　　

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预防该病重在控制体重 Prevention of the disease focused on weight control

　　防胜于治，那么该如何积极预防这一疾病呢？徐佳表示，首先，要控制体重或减肥。肥胖是本病发生的重要原因，一旦超过标准体重就应积极减肥。体重下降后能够防止或减轻对关节的损害，并能减轻患病关节所承受的压力。

防胜于治,So how to positively prevent the disease?Xu Jia said,First of all,To control the weight or lose weight.Obesity is an important reason of the disease occurred,Once more than standard weight should be positive to lose weight.After weight loss can prevent or reduce the damage to the joints,And relieves arthritic joints on the stress.

　　其次，要及时和妥善治疗关节外伤、感染、代谢异常等原发病。

其次,To timely and proper treatment of joint trauma/infection/代谢异常, etc.原发病.

　　最后，生活中注意补钙，应以食补为基础，要注意营养的平衡，多食奶制品(如鲜奶、酸奶、奶酪)、豆制品(如豆浆、豆粉、豆腐、腐竹等)、蔬菜(如金针菜、胡萝卜、小白菜、小油菜)及紫菜、海带、鱼、虾等海鲜类。同时应多见阳光及补充维生素D，以促进钙吸收。

最后,In the life notice filling calcium,Should be based on the dietary supplements,Pay attention to the nutrition balance,Eating dairy products(Such as fresh milk/yogurt/cheese)/Soy products(Such as soy milk/Soybean meal/tofu/腐竹, etc.)/vegetables(As a lily flower/carrots/Chinese cabbage/Small rape)And seaweed/kelp/The fish/虾, etc.海鲜类.At the same time should see more sunlight and vitamin D supplements,In order to promote calcium absorption.

　　

相关链接 A link to the

　　

膝关节保健操 The knee joint exercises

　　一、抬腿体操 这是锻炼大腿前面肌肉(股四头肌)和腹肌的体操。

一/Leg lifts gymnastics which is to exercise in front of the thigh muscles(quadriceps)And abs gymnastics.

　　首先，取仰卧姿势，对侧那条腿的膝盖呈直角弯曲，将膝关节伸直抬起，使脚后跟离地面10厘米左右，并且数一、二、三、四、五，坚持约5秒钟后，将腿放下。停2—3秒钟后再抬起腿，坚持5秒钟，再放下。反复做20次，右腿做完后，再移向左腿同样做20次。

First of all,Take supine posture,Right Angle for the side leg knee bend,The knee lift,Make the heel off the ground about 10 cm,And the number one/(2)/three/four/five,Insist on after about 5 seconds,Drop your legs.Stop 2-3 seconds after lifting legs again,Hold for five seconds,To put down.Do 20 times over and over again,The right leg after finish,Then move to the left leg also do 20 times.

　　进行该项运动时，应注意两点：(1)对侧的膝盖必须呈弯曲的状态；(2)进行2—3周后，当能轻松自如地完成20次时，宜往脚脖子上加负重，重量为0.5—1公斤，依据年龄和体力而定。

进行该项运动when,Two points should be paid attention to:(1)The contralateral knee bends must be in the state of the;(2)After 2-3 weeks,When can easily finish 20 times,Should add weight on the ankle,0.5-1 kg in weight,According to age and physical strength.

　　二、侧抬腿体操 这是强健大腿外侧肌肉 (外侧阔肌和中臀肌)的体操。

(2)/Lateral leg lifts gymnastics this is strong lateral thigh muscle (In the lateral and musculus gluteus)The gymnastics.

　　横卧在地面上，上侧的膝关节伸直，抬腿使腿与地面平行，还是数一、二、三、四、五，坚持5秒钟后把腿放下。如此反复20次，然后，转向另一侧，另一条腿用同样的方法做20次。

横卧在地面上,Above knee straight,Leg lifts legs parallel to the ground,Or for a/(2)/three/four/five,Hold for five seconds after put down your leg.So repeatedly 20 times,then,To the other side,The other leg do 20 times in the same way.

　　该体操的基本要领是：腿绷直做上下运动。不过，因变形性膝关节病，腿难以绷直(挛缩)时，或伸直时疼痛，膝关节稍有弯曲也无妨。待熟练后，再往脚脖子加负重(从0.5—1公斤起)。调节负重比增加活动的次数来得好。

该体操的基本要领是:Leg stretched straight up and down.but,Due to the deformation knee joint disease,Hard stretched straight legs(contracture)when,Pain or straight,Knees slightly bent.After waiting for skilled,To add ankle weight again(Since 0.5-1 kg).Adjust the weight as well as increase the number of activities.

　　三、球体操 这是锻炼内侧肌肉的体操。

three/Ball gymnastics gymnastics this is medial muscle exercise.

　　坐在地面上，在轻微弯曲的两个膝盖之间，夹一个球(足球或排球)，或者夹一个大一点的枕头，该球或枕头同时由两个膝盖用力夹紧，并且数一、二、三、四、五，腿不要抬起，连续做20次。

坐在地面上,In between the two knees slightly bent,Caught a ball(Football, or volleyball),Or a bigger pillow,The ball or knee pillow at the same time by two clamping force,And the number one/(2)/three/four/five,Legs don't lift,Do 20 consecutive.

　　四、膝关节伸展运动——洗浴热身后，最大限度地活动膝关节。

four/After stretching knee - bath to warm up,Maximize the knee joint.

　　下蹲或坐着，可能的话，正坐。然后如同做广播体操，站着两手用力按压膝关节部，膝关节应完全伸直。此外，还可以站着逐条腿地用手按压，使膝关节完全伸直。

squats或坐着,If possible,Is sit.And then do a radio gymnastics,Standing with you push hard on the knee,The knee should be completely straight.In addition,Can also be stood a quick leg to press by hand,Make the knee unbend completely.

　　五、竞走——使膝关节负重。

five/- make the knee weight-bearing walking.

　　一周至少两次竞走，每次不停地走20分钟以上，场地要平坦，不得有台阶和坡道。待情况稳定后想多走时，可以增加每周的竞走次数，也可以增加竞走的时间。不过，一周至少应休息一天。■ 深圳特区报记者 郑丽虹

一周至少两次竞走,Every time to keep more than twenty minutes,Field to level,Can not have steps and ramps.Want to walk after stay in stable condition,Can increase the walking times a week,Can also increase the walking time.but,Should take a day off at least a week.S Zheng Lihong shenzhen special zone newspaper reporters