据统计，我国约有9000万人受到骨质疏松的影响，已是世界上骨质疏松患者最多的国家。资料显示，我国50岁以上的人群中约有2.1亿人低骨量；老年骨折患者超过30%与骨质疏松相关，尤其是50岁以上女性，大约有1/3会因骨质疏松而骨折。那么，骨质疏松有何症状？如何能够做到早发现？单纯补钙能否治疗骨质疏松？专家指出，骨质疏松早期并没有明显的症状，早期骨密度筛查是能尽早发现骨质疏松比较简便易行的方法。同时，单纯补钙并不能治疗骨质疏松，尤其对于老年人如果补钙过度，不仅难以吸收，还可能会导致身体出现一些不良反应。

据统计,In China, about 90 million people are affected by osteoporosis,Is osteoporosis patients most populous country in the world.According to,China's population about 210 million people over the age of 50 low bone mass;Associated with osteoporosis in elderly patients with fracture of more than 30%,Especially in women over age 50,About a third will fractures due to osteoporosis.then,What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?How can you achieve early discovery?Can pure calcium treatment of osteoporosis?Experts point out that,Osteoporosis early and no obvious symptoms,Early bone density screening is to find osteoporosis relatively easy method as soon as possible.At the same time,Pure calcium supplements do not treat osteoporosis,Especially for the elderly if excessive calcium supplements,Not only hard to absorb,May also cause the body appear a few adverse reactions.

　　“我国已是世界上骨质疏松患者最多的国家，约有9000万患者(占总人口的7%)。骨与关节疾病作为一种退行性病变，已成为继心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤三大慢性病之后对人类威胁最广泛的疾病。”这是空军总医院骨科主任伍骥教授近日在“骨与关节退变防控论坛”上指出的。

"Our country is osteoporosis patients most populous country in the world,There are about 90 million patients(7% of the population).Bone and joint disease, as a kind of degenerative diseases,Has become the disease of heart head blood-vessel/diabetes/Malignant tumor after three major chronic diseases, the most widely threat to human disease."This is air force general hospital orthopaedic professor 伍骥 director in recently"Degeneration of bone and joint prevention and control of BBS"Point out the.

　　资料显示，我国50岁以上的人群中约有2.1亿人低骨量；老年骨折患者超过30%与骨质疏松相关，尤其是50岁以上女性，大约有1/3会因骨质疏松而骨折。有统计数字表明，骨关节疾病的门诊量仅次于感冒，死亡率仅次于肿瘤。

According to,China's population about 210 million people over the age of 50 low bone mass;Associated with osteoporosis in elderly patients with fracture of more than 30%,Especially in women over age 50,About a third will fractures due to osteoporosis.There are statistics show,MenZhenLiang joint disease is second only to catch a cold,Mortality rate is second only to cancer.

　　那么，骨质疏松早期有何症状？如何能够做到早发现？单纯补钙能否治疗骨质疏松？专家表示，骨质疏松早期并没有明显的症状，相对来说，早期骨密度筛查是能够尽早发现骨质疏松比较简便易行的方法。此外，单纯补钙并不能治疗骨质疏松，尤其是对于对钙吸收能力较差的人群，如老年人等。

then,What are the symptoms of osteoporosis early?How can you achieve early discovery?Can pure calcium treatment of osteoporosis?Experts say,Osteoporosis early and no obvious symptoms,relatively,Early bone density screening is able to detect osteoporosis relatively simple methods.In addition,Pure calcium supplements do not treat osteoporosis,Especially for people of poor ability to absorb calcium,如老年人, etc..

　　

绝经后女性最易发骨质疏松，骨质疏松发病有年轻化趋势 The most prone to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women,Osteoporosis has a trend of getting younger over the disease

　　“骨质疏松本身在老年人中比较常见，大多数属于原发性的。随着年龄的增长，老年人对钙的吸收能力不足，而且随着激素水平的下降，容易患骨质疏松”，首都医科大学附属宣武医院内分泌科副主任医师潘永源说。

"More common in the elderly osteoporosis itself,Most belong to the primary.As the growth of the age,The elderly to calcium absorption ability is insufficient,And with a decrease in the level of hormone,Likely to develop osteoporosis",Affiliated to the capital university of medical sciences, xuanwu hospital of doctor of vice director of endocrinology Pan Yongyuan said.

　　上海交通大学附属第一人民医院内分泌科骨质疏松亚专科副主任医师游利表示，人体一般在35岁~45岁左右会达到骨峰值，此后会出现降低。但不是说每个人无论生活方式如何，都能够达到骨峰值，有的人35岁~45岁的时候骨峰值远远低于同龄人。

上海交通大学附属第一人民医院内分泌科骨质疏松亚专科副主任医师游利表示,The body generally at about 35 ~ 45 years old will reach the peak bone,Then there will be reduced.But not to say that everyone, no matter how lifestyle,To be able to reach the peak bone,Some people at the age of 35 ~ 45 peak bone is much lower than their peers.

　　从目前的情况来看，骨质疏松确实有越来越年轻化的趋势。一些年轻人出现骨质疏松的原因主要有以下几个方面：首先，不少年轻人现在的体力活动相对较少，骨密度容易下降；另外，不少女性在天气较热时会遮挡阳光的照晒，其实紫外线的照射本身对于钙的吸收是有益的，长期如此会影响人体对钙的吸收；而一些年轻人出现的相对比较严重的骨质疏松状况，也有可能是继发性的。

从目前的情况来看,Osteoporosis is indeed has the trend of more and more young.Some young people appear osteoporosis reason mainly has the following several aspects:First of all,Many young people now relatively few physical activity,Easy to fall in bone density;In addition,Many women in the block is basked in the sunshine when the weather is hot,Actually the illuminate of ultraviolet (uv) itself is beneficial to the absorption of calcium,So for a long time can affect human body to absorb calcium;And some of the young man appeared relatively severe osteoporosis,It is possible that the secondary.

　　曾有报道称女性绝经后容易成为骨质疏松高发人群，对此潘永源解释，女性在绝经后，体内雌性激素的分泌会减少，这也使得绝经后女性成为骨质疏松的高发人群。也正是因为绝经期的原因，相对男性来说，女性更容易出现骨质疏松，而且从年龄来看，一般情况下，女性出现骨质疏松的年龄一般会比男性提前10年左右。

曾有报道称女性绝经后容易成为骨质疏松高发人群,Pan Yongyuan explanation,In postmenopausal women,In vivo female hormone secretion decreases,It also makes the become a higher risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.It is because of menopause,Relative to men,Women are more prone to osteoporosis,And from the age,Under normal circumstances,Women than men appear osteoporosis age usually 10 years or so in advance.

　　

骨质疏松早期并无明显症状，以髋骨、椎骨筛查为标准 Osteoporosis early, there is no obvious symptoms,In a hip/Vertebrae screening for the standard

　　骨密度能够反映骨质疏松的程度，一般来说，男性骨密度的变化是比较平稳的，而女性在绝经后骨密度会出现突然下降的趋势。骨质疏松在早期并没有明显的症状，要及时发现骨质疏松，一般都是通过早期骨密度筛查实现的。

Bone mineral density能够反映骨质疏松的程度,In general,Changes in bone mineral density is relatively stable for men,While women in postmenopausal bone mineral density of sudden decline trend.Osteoporosis in the early days and there is no obvious symptoms,To discover the osteoporosis,Are generally through early bone density screening.

　　关于骨密度的筛查比较多样，包括腕骨、足跟筛查等多个部位，但临床中在判断骨密度时，一般以髋骨和椎骨筛查为标准。潘永源解释，这是因为髋骨与椎骨为人体承重骨，而对于腕骨、足跟等处的检查不能作为最终标准是因为其为非承重骨，本身就容易出现一些情况，但可以将这些筛查作为骨质疏松筛查的一部分用作参考。

关于Bone mineral density的筛查比较多样,Including carpal bone/足跟筛查, etc.多个部位,But when judging bone mineral density in clinical,General with hip and vertebrae screening for the standard.Pan Yongyuan explain,This is because hip and vertebral body weight-bearing bone,For the carpal bone/足跟, etc.处的检查不能作为最终标准是因为其为非承重骨,Some itself is easy to happen,But these screening as part of the osteoporosis screening can be used as a reference.

　　游利提醒，其实骨密度筛查也并非早期发现骨质疏松的唯一办法，有很多其他方法也可以达到同样的效果，如定量CT检测、超声波测定等。如果通过骨密度筛查发现人体骨密度较低，就要留意骨质疏松的出现，要及时采取治疗措施。

游利提醒,Bone mineral density screening is not actually the only way to early detection of osteoporosis,There are many other ways can achieve the same effect,Such as quantitative CT detection/超声波测定, etc..If found in a bone mineral density screening human bone mineral density is low,Will keep an eye on the occurrence of osteoporosis,To take timely treatment.

　　

睡觉反复抽筋或为早期骨质疏松表现 Sleep over and over again cramp or for early bone loss

　　不少女性半夜睡觉时出现的抽筋等，是否由于缺钙引起的，这是否是骨质疏松的早期症状？潘永源提醒，如果人们睡觉时反复出现抽筋等现象，有可能是早期骨质疏松的表现。虽然人体在缺钙时，随着钙量的减少，容易出现抽筋，但出现抽筋并不意味着人体一定缺钙。

不少女性半夜睡觉时出现的抽筋, etc.,Whether or not caused by calcium deficiency,Whether this is the early symptoms of osteoporosis?Pan Yongyuan remind,如果人们睡觉时反复出现抽筋, etc.现象,May is a sign of early bone loss.Although the body in a calcium deficiency,As the amount of calcium reduced,It's easy to have a cramp,But a cramp does not mean that the human body must be short of calcium.

　　而一些孕妇及哺乳期女性经常出现的腰酸、腰痛等现象是否也与骨质疏松有关？潘永源认为，对于产前产后的女性来说，本身需要的钙量较平时增多，一般不会成为导致骨质疏松的原因。

而一些孕妇及哺乳期女性经常出现的腰酸/腰痛, etc.现象是否也与骨质疏松有关?Pan Yongyuan think,For prenatal postpartum women,Amount of calcium you need itself more than usual,Generally will not be a cause of osteoporosis.

　　游利也指出，一般女性哺乳或怀孕时，钙的需求会比平时更高一点，但此时出现的腰酸背痛不一定是缺钙。如果有这样的症状，建议到医院做相关骨骼评估。

游利也指出,General nursing or pregnant women,Calcium requirements will be higher than usual,But at this time appear the waist sour backache may not necessarily be a calcium deficiency.If you have such symptoms,Suggest to go to the hospital do related bone assessment.

　　女性出现月经紊乱要进行骨密度筛查，成年人没必要进行骨龄测试

女性出现月经紊乱要进行Bone mineral density筛查,Adults don't have to tested bone age

　　事实上，骨质疏松属于衰老性疾病，随着年龄的增长等，人体骨质情况一般会走下坡路。潘永源建议，一般来说，男性40岁~50岁左右可以开始进行骨密度筛查，女性如果出现月经不稳或绝经症状时，就要进行骨密度筛查。一般来说，小于40岁时并没有太大必要。推荐以半年至一年筛查一次即可，因为骨质的变化比较缓慢，短时间内不会出现明显的变化。

事实上,Osteoporosis belong to the diseases of aging,As the growth of the age, etc.,Human bone is usually decline.Pan Yongyuan advice,In general,About 40 ~ 50 years old men can start screening for bone density,If women appeared unstable menstruation or menopause symptoms,Bone density is screening.In general,Less than 40 years old is not much necessary.Recommended screening once in six months to one year,Because bone changes slowly,A short time won't appear obvious change.

　　而所谓的骨龄测试主要是针对儿童的，通过骨龄测试可以较准确反映儿童的身体发育情况，及是否与其年龄相符合。有些儿童即便达到成年人身高，但通过骨龄测试可以显现出其真实发育水平。此外，骨龄测试可以提前发现一些儿童内分泌方面的疾病，做到早发现，早治疗。一般情况下，儿童在16岁左右时，骨龄就闭合，人体身高一般也不会再明显长高，因此成年人并没有必要进行骨龄测试。

而所谓的骨龄测试主要是针对儿童的,Through the bone age test can accurately reflect the physical development of children,And is consistent with its age.Some children even achieve adult height,But through the bone age test can show its real development.In addition,Bone age tests can be found in advance some endocrine disease in children,Do early detection,Early treatment.Under normal circumstances,When 16 years old or so children,Bone age is closed,The body height in general also won't grow significantly,So adults and there is no need for bone age test.

　　

单纯补钙并不能治疗骨质疏松，晒太阳常运动都有益骨骼 Pure calcium supplements do not treat osteoporosis,Sunshine sports often have good bone

　　预防骨质疏松，对于没有发生骨折的人群来说，目的在于预防骨折的发生；另一目的在于延缓骨骼功能下降的过程。而治疗骨质疏松最为人所知的方法是补充钙剂，其次是多晒太阳和改变饮食习惯，如多喝牛奶等。然而，在专家看来，人到老年，骨密度滑坡跟人的内分泌系统改变有关，并不是单纯的“缺钙”那么简单。

预防骨质疏松,For people without fracture,Purpose is to prevent the happening of the fracture;Another purpose is to delay the process of bone function decline.The treatment of osteoporosis best known method is to supplement calcium,Followed by sunshine and change eating habits,如多喝牛奶, etc..however,In the expert opinion,People in old age,Bone mineral density of landslide has to do with human endocrine system change,Is not simple"Calcium deficiency"So simple.

　　广东省人民医院内分泌和骨质疏松科主任吴文教授介绍，首先，骨质疏松症的发生不取决于你摄取钙质的多少，定期补钙仅能起到一定的预防作用。其次，只有骨质疏松的发生与钙质流失过多有关时，补钙才具有一定的治疗作用，而且常要与其他药物合用。因此，确诊为骨质疏松症的患者，应该在补钙和补充活性维生素D的基础上，再选用一种抗骨质疏松的药物。

广东省人民医院内分泌和骨质疏松科主任吴文教授介绍,First of all,The occurrence of osteoporosis does not depend on how much you intake of calcium,Calcium supplements on a regular basis can only play a preventive role.The second,Only when the occurrence of osteoporosis related to excessive loss of calcium,Calcium has certain therapeutic effect,And often with other medicines.so,Patients diagnosed with osteoporosis,Should be on the basis of calcium and complementary active vitamin D,Choose a kind of anti osteoporosis drug again.

　　另外需要注意的一点是，骨质疏松患者是否需要补钙，需要根据身体状况来定，最好先做一些检查，包括血液中钙、磷、镁的水平，骨密度、肾功能等，并且要看是否有肾结石病史和引起血钙升高的疾病。如果有肾结石和甲状旁腺功能亢进，需要在医生指导下补钙。

In addition需要注意的一点是,Do you need calcium osteoporosis patients,Need according to the physical condition to decide,Had better do some checking first,Including the calcium in the blood/p/The level of magnesium,Bone mineral density/肾功能, etc.,And to see whether there is a history of kidney stones and cause problems for the elevated blood calcium.If you have kidney stones, and hyperparathyroidism,Need to be under the guidance of calcium supplements.

　　潘永源也指出，单纯补钙对于骨质疏松的治疗并没有明显效果。尤其是对于老年人来说，过多补充钙，身体反而难以吸收，而且补钙过度可能会导致身体出现一些不良反应。他建议，关于骨质疏松的治疗，应尽量到医院进行正规治疗，因为治疗过程中会根据患者自身状况进行评价，以确定适合的治疗方法。自行补钙的做法是不可取的。

潘永源也指出,Pure calcium supplementation in the treatment of osteoporosis and has no obvious effect.Especially for the elderly,Too much calcium,Body cannot absorb instead,And calcium supplements may cause the body appear a few adverse reactions.He suggested that,About the treatment of osteoporosis,Should be as far as possible to the hospital for treatment,In the process of treatment according to the patient's own condition,In order to determine appropriate treatment method.Calcium is not desirable on its own.

　　此外，饮用牛奶也是可选的。潘永源建议，一般来说，成人应每天饮用250毫升~500毫升牛奶，能够保证对基本钙量的补充。除此之外，平时膳食中可以适当增加一些高钙食品，如豆腐等。

In addition,Drinking milk is also optional.Pan Yongyuan advice,In general,Adults should drink 250 ml to 500 ml of milk every day,To ensure the basic amount of calcium supplementation.In addition to this,At ordinary times dietary can be appropriate to add some high calcium in food,如豆腐, etc..

　　要预防骨质疏松的出现，平时还应注重适当增加运动，要适当接受太阳照射，可以促进人体对钙的吸收。潘永源建议，平均每天应“晒太阳”2小时左右。夏天时以上臂、颜面部等部位裸露为宜，可以避开阳光直接照射及日照最强的时段，在室内时，通过开窗使阳光照射在皮肤上的做法也是可取的。

要预防骨质疏松的出现,At ordinary times should also pay attention to the increasing movement,To accept the sun,Can promote human body to absorb calcium.Pan Yongyuan advice,Should be a day on average"In the sun"About 2 hours.Over the summer/颜面部, etc.部位裸露为宜,To avoid direct sunlight and strongest sunshine time,In the interior,Through the open window to make the practice of sunlight on the skin is also desirable.

　　

从6方面入手，骨质疏松需要综合长期的治疗 From six aspects,Osteoporosis a comprehensive long-term treatment is needed

　　解放军总参总医院(309医院)全军骨科中心主任马远征教授认为，骨质疏松需要综合治疗，应从6个方面入手：

解放军总参总医院(309 hospital)Army orthopedic center director professor Ma Yuanzheng think,Need comprehensive treatment of osteoporosis,From six aspects:

　　1. 健康教育：加强患者对骨质疏松的认知，增强患者的依从性，才能更好地坚持治疗。

1. 健康教育:Strengthen the cognition of osteoporosis patients,Enhance the patient's compliance,In order to better treatment adherence.

　　2. 生活方式干预：均衡膳食，多吃富含钙、维生素D的低盐食物。适当户外活动和日照。避免嗜烟、酗酒，慎用影响骨代谢的药物。采取保护措施，预防跌倒。

2. 生活方式干预:Balanced diet,Eat more rich in calcium/Vitamin D low salt food.Appropriate outdoor activities and sunshine.To avoid being a heavy smoker/Alcohol abuse,Careful with drugs affect bone metabolism.Protection measures,Prevent falls.

　　3. 骨健康基本补充剂：钙剂和维生素D。

3. 骨健康基本补充剂:Calcium and vitamin D.

　　4. 药物干预：治疗骨质疏松，可分为抗骨吸收类药物和促进骨形成类药物。

4. 药物干预:Treatment of osteoporosis,Can be divided into the bone absorption of drugs and promote bone formation.

　　5. 运动康复治疗：许多基础研究和临床研究表明，运动对骨骼健康发挥着重要作用。

5. 运动康复治疗:Many of the basic research and clinical study,Sport plays an important role in bone health.

　　6. 定期监测：骨质疏松治疗过程中要定期监测骨密度等相关血液指标，及时调整药物治疗方案。

6. 定期监测:骨质疏松治疗过程中要定期监测Bone mineral density, etc.相关血液指标,Adjust drug treatments.

　　吴文说，由于骨质疏松的治疗是一个长期的过程，患者治疗依从性差一直是严重影响治疗效果的问题之一。临床随访时发现，确诊患有骨质疏松后，很多患者不能遵医嘱按时口服治疗药物，致使骨折风险增加。“患者依从性差往往是受一些客观因素影响，比如用药方法复杂、药物具有消化道刺激症状等。”吴文说，近年来，临床上增加了一些可以通过静脉注射给药的骨质疏松药物，一年只需给药一次，患者可以考虑使用。(记者 项丹平)

Wu said,Due to the treatment of osteoporosis is a long-term process,Poor treatment adherence in patients has been one of the problems seriously affect the treatment effect.Found at the time of clinical follow-up,After diagnosed with osteoporosis,Many patients cannot oral drugs on time in accordance with the doctor's advice,Resulted in increased fracture risk."Patients with poor compliance is often affected by some objective factors,Such as complex preparation method/药物具有消化道刺激症状, etc.."Wu said,In recent years,Added some clinically by intravenous dosing of osteoporosis drug,Just for once a year,Patients can consider to use.(Reporter item Dan ping)