4月25日   On April 25,

    儿童预防接种日     Children's vaccination

    4月25日是全国儿童预防接种日，又叫计划免疫日。今年的主题为：“宝宝和健康——从接种疫苗开始”。

    April 25, is the national children's vaccination,Also called immunization.The theme for this year:"Baby and health - starting from the vaccination".

    近日，由全国妇联儿童工作部、卫生部妇社司等主办的“心系新生命——问候生命”科学育儿工程宣教活动举行，2013年度首场大课堂在京开讲。北京儿童医院儿童保健中心的张峰主任医师为大家解答了疫苗接种的相关知识。

    In recent days,By the all-china women's federation work in children/The auspices of the health department's community division, etc"The heart - regards to life a new life"Parenting engineering science education activities,2013 the first big classroom began in Beijing.Child care center in Beijing children's hospital of zhang feng, director of the physician to answer questions related to the vaccine.

    疫苗为什么分两类     Why vaccine is divided into two classes

    现在每个宝宝从一出生就开始接种疫苗，有的是政府免费的，有的是要自费的。政府免费提供的是一类疫苗，自费接种的是二类疫苗。

    Now, every baby born from a began to vaccination,Have a plenty of free government,Have to be at his own expense.The government provided free of charge is a kind of vaccine,At his own expense is 2 kinds of vaccine.

    至于一类疫苗和二类疫苗的区别，张峰医生说这是一种行政分类，不是医学分类，是政府根据经济能力和防病规划制定的。一类疫苗和二类疫苗的划分也是在不断变化中，现在有些一类疫苗以前曾经是二类疫苗，像乙肝疫苗和麻风腮疫苗。随着经济发展，可以肯定的是一类苗会越来越多。

    As for the type of vaccine and difference between 2 kinds of vaccine,Doctor zhang said that the classification is a kind of administration,Is not a medical classification,Is according to the government ability and prevention plan.Kind of vaccine and the division of 2 kinds of vaccine is also in constant change,Now had some kind of vaccine before is 2 kinds of vaccine,Like the hepatitis b vaccine and the MMR vaccine.With the development of economy,You can be sure is a kind of blade will be more and more.

    二类疫苗（自费疫苗）是由国家卫生相关部门推荐，接种者自费接种的疫苗。父母适当选择一些二类疫苗，可以给宝宝更加完善的健康保障。

    2 kinds of vaccine(At his own expense vaccine)Is recommended by national health related department,Vaccinated self-paid vaccinations.Some parents choose appropriate 2 kinds of vaccine,Health care can give the baby to be more perfect.

    实际上二类疫苗针对的传染病对宝宝的威胁也很大，例如水痘、肺炎、流感等等。有些二类疫苗还是对一类疫苗的补充，比如预防小儿麻痹的脊髓灰质炎疫苗，目前预防脊髓灰质炎有口服减毒活疫苗（糖丸）和灭活脊灰注射疫苗（针剂IPV）两种疫苗。目前我国的一类脊灰疫苗是“糖丸”，但有些宝宝却因为身体各种各样的原因不能吃“糖丸”，包括有肛周脓肿，牛奶过敏的宝宝，还有早产儿、低体重儿等，需要选择完全失去毒力的灭活疫苗才更安全。因此建议这些宝宝使用灭活脊灰注射疫苗，或含有这个疫苗的联合疫苗。灭活疫苗顾名思义是使病毒完全失去毒力，能降低不良反应的发生。

    In fact 2 kinds of vaccines against infectious disease threat to the baby is very big also,Such as chicken pox/pneumonia/The flu, and so on.Some of the 2 kinds of vaccine or addition to the type of vaccine,Such as polio vaccine against polio,At present预防脊髓灰质炎有口服减毒活疫苗(A sugar)And inactivated polio vaccine injections(Injection IPV)Two vaccines.At present我国的一类脊灰疫苗是"A sugar",But some babies because the body can't eat all kinds of reasons"A sugar",including有肛周脓肿,Baby with cows' milk allergy,And premature babies/Low birth weight, etc.,Need to choose completely out of virulence of inactivated vaccines are more security.So these babies using inactivated polio vaccine injections,Or combination vaccine containing the vaccine.Inactivated vaccines, as its name implies is to make the virus virulence completely lost,Can reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.

    孩子得没得肺炎都该接种疫苗   Children have no pneumonia was the vaccination

    春季是肺炎高发季，5岁以下的儿童也很容易被感染。有数据显示，约一半严重的儿童肺炎是由肺炎球菌引起的。同时肺炎球菌还可能引起菌血症、脑膜炎、中耳炎以及多种并发症，甚至导致死亡。而肺炎球菌引起的肺炎是能用疫苗来预防的。北京儿童医院的杨永弘教授说，世界卫生组织（WHO）已将肺炎球菌疾病列为“极高度优先”使用疫苗预防的疾病，婴儿最好在出生后百天左右及时接种。

    Spring is high incidence season pneumonia,Children under the age of five are also easy to be infected.有According to data,About half of severe pneumonia in children is caused by pneumococcus.At the same timepneumonia球菌还可能引起菌血症/meningitis/中耳炎以及A variety of并发症,Even lead to death.And pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by use of vaccines to prevent.Beijing children's hospital professor Yang Yonghong said,The world health organization (who)(The who)Has been ranked pneumococcal disease"Very high priority"Using vaccines to prevent the disease,Baby the best vaccination in time one hundred days after birth.

    接种疫苗前后注意事项     Matters needing attention before and after vaccination

    接种前     Vaccination before

    家长先了解孩子要接种的是什么疫苗，能防什么病，接种后可能有哪些不良反应，什么情况不能接种，有没有其他疫苗可以替代。保持接种部位皮肤清洁，接种前最好给孩子换上柔软、宽松的衣服。让孩子吃好、休息好，因为饥饿和过度疲劳时接种疫苗，容易发生晕针。

    Parents to understand children to vaccinate against what,What disease can prevent,May what are the adverse reaction after inoculation,What cannot vaccinal,Is there any other vaccine can replace.Keep the vaccination site clean skin,Give children change into soft best before inoculation/Loose clothes.Let the children eat well/A good rest,Because vaccination when hunger and fatigue,Prone to treatment.

    接种当天     On the day of vaccination

    认真阅读《预防接种告知书》，不明白的及时问，有情况及时告诉医生，然后签字。如果宝宝身体不舒服或正生病，或是近期生过病要及时告诉医生。如果宝宝是过敏体质，有严重哮喘、荨麻疹等；以前接种疫苗后出现了高烧、惊厥、抽搐、荨麻疹等反应；另外每天大便次数超过4次或最近注射过白蛋白、免疫球蛋白、输过血，都要告诉医生。

    read[Vaccination to inform],I don't understand asked in a timely manner,It tell the doctor in time,Then sign it.If the baby body uncomfortable or are sick,Or recent sick to promptly tell the doctor.If your baby is allergic constitution,There are severe asthma/Urticaria, etc.;Previously appeared high fever after vaccination/convulsions/tic/Reactions such as hives;In addition每天大便次数超过4次或最近注射过白蛋白/immunoglobulin/Lost blood,To tell the doctor.

    接种后  After inoculation

    接种后在医院观察30分钟再离开。回家后宝宝暂时不要洗澡，2至3天内不要进行剧烈运动，保持注射部位皮肤清洁，不要让宝宝抓挠。别让孩子吃刺激性的东西，适当多喝些温开水，多吃水果蔬菜。留心观察宝宝的表现，如有高烧、昏迷、抽搐等异常反应，应及时带宝宝去医院。疫苗对宝宝的身体来讲是外来物，接种后对身体会产生刺激，个别人会出现全身或局部反应症状，常见的有接种部位红肿疼痛，或伴有发烧、哭闹等。一般比较轻微，不需要特殊处理。一般2到3天后就会渐渐好起来。

    In hospital after inoculation for 30 minutes and leave again.Baby temporarily don't take a shower after go home,2 to 3 days not to strenuous exercise,Keep skin clean the injection site,Don't let the baby scratch.Don't let kids eat excitant,Appropriate to drink more boiled water,Eat more fruits and vegetables.And watch the baby,If you have a fever/In a coma/Tic abnormal reaction, etc,Shall promptly take the baby to the hospital.Vaccines for the baby's body is a foreign substance,Can produce stimulation to the body after inoculation,Few people can appear the symptom of systemic or local reaction,Common have the vaccination site swelling pain,Or have a fever/Crying, etc..Is generally mild,Don't need special treatment.Typically 2 to 3 days later you will slowly good up.

    有的小宝宝在半岁之内母传抗体水平还比较好的时候就反复感冒、腹泻、吐奶严重、肺部感染，以及有严重的湿疹等等，这些孩子属于体质比较弱的孩子。对于体质较弱或有特殊疾病的婴幼儿，接种疫苗减少疾病风险尤其重要，因为这样的孩子患病后病情会更为严重。要更好地保护这些孩子，不仅要及时接种，同时还要减少接种风险。可以选择联合疫苗，比如能预防5种疾病的五联苗，从常规的注射12针减少到4针，宝宝可以少打8针，就意味着减少8次不良反应和交叉感染的风险。 安旭红制图H118

    Some baby within half years old mother antibody levels are good when you transfer a cold repeatedly/diarrhea/Severe vomiting milk/Lung infection,And have severe eczema and so on,The children belonging to the physique weaker children.For a physique weaker or have specific diseases of infants and young children,Vaccination to reduce disease risk is particularly important,The children fell ill after the illness because it would be more serious.To better protect the children,Must not only be vaccinated,At the same time还要减少接种风险.Can choose combination vaccines,Such as immovable seedlings could prevent 5 kinds of disease,Reduce to 4 from conventional 12 injection needle,Baby can play less 8 stitches,Means to reduce adverse reactions and eight times the risk of cross infection. H118 AnXuGong mapping

    “五一”部分医院门急诊

    "The May Day"This part of the hospital

    天坛医院

    The temple of heaven hospital

    4月29日至5月1日，门诊各科继续实行全天门诊，急诊24小时照常开放。

    April 29 to May 1,Outpatient departments continue clinic throughout the day,Emergency open 24 hours a day.

    同仁医院

    Tongren hospital

    4月29日、4月30日全日门诊，节日期间不开诊的科室有：眼科会诊中心、眼科东区特需门诊、白内障中心、屈光中心、足踝外科门诊、耳鼻咽喉头颈外科特需门诊等。中医科4月29日、4月30日上午半日门诊，配镜中心节日期间照常营业。急诊24小时开诊。

    On April 29/On April 30th day of outpatient service,During the festival the department has not begin:Ophthalmologic consultation center/Ophthalmic outpatient clinics in the al east/Cataract center/Refractive center/Ankle surgery at the clinic/Otolaryngology head and neck surgery outpatient clinic, etc.Regions on April 29/Half day in the morning on April 30, the clinic,Glasses for center business as usual during the holiday.Emergency 24 hours 7 days.

    北京医院

    Beijing hospital

    4月30日上午半日专家门诊，急诊24小时应诊。

    On April 30th morning half day expert outpatient service,Emergency consultation 24 hours a day.