本报记者 李静华 卢泳志　北京报道

Our correspondent LiJingHua LuYongZhi reports from Beijing

　　如果说摩天大楼代表着现代化和都市化，那么钢结构则是其注解之一。

If the skyscrapers represents the modernization and urbanization，So steel structure is one of the notes。

　　6月13日，远大集团所属远大可建科技有限公司（下称“远大可建”），正式在其官网公布了其雄心勃勃的高楼计划“天空城市”，将用7个月在长沙建造高达838米的世界第一高楼。而且，这一钢结构高楼，将以工厂化组装方式建造，工期比一般高楼缩短了很多，引发了业界对钢结构高层建筑的再度关注。

June 13,，Great group belong to build big science and technology Co., LTD（Said the“Great can be built”），In its website officially released its ambitious tall building plan“The sky city”，Will use seven months in changsha built a 838 m the world's tallest building。and，The steel structure buildings，Will factory assembly method to build，Period than general short many tall buildings，Cause the industry for steel structure of the high-rise building attention again。

　　4月13日，中国建筑(601668,股吧)钢结构行业2012年大会在浙江绍兴举行，500多位钢结构行业人士云集，“扎实推进钢结构住宅产业化的研究”被列为2012年首要工作目标。

April 13,，China building(601668,Shares it)Steel structure industry 2012 congress held in shaoxing, zhejiang province，More than 500 people gathered in the steel structure industry，“Solid steel structure housing industrialization of research”Is listed as 2012 primary goals。

　　钢结构住宅被誉为“21世纪的绿色住宅”，钢结构是对城市环境影响较小的建筑结构之一，在发达国家已被广泛采用。发展绿色建筑是解决我国资源能源问题的重要战略，钢结构住宅则是绿色建筑的其中一种。

Steel structure housing is known as“Of the 21 st century green house”，Steel structure is less influence on city environment of one of the structure of the building，In the developed countries has been widely adopted。Green building is the development to solve the energy problem of important strategic resources，Steel structure housing is one of the green building。

　　在推动钢结构住宅发展的道路上，我国相关部门一直在做相应的努力。如住房和城乡建设部曾出台了一系列政策鼓励钢结构住宅的发展，为钢结构住宅的发展奠定了坚实基础。

In promoting the steel structure housing on the road of development，Relevant departments in our country has been doing the corresponding efforts。Such as housing and rural construction has issued a series of policies to encourage the development of the steel structure housing，For the development of the steel structure housing laid solid foundation。

　　另外，钢结构还可以推动住宅产业化发展，并推动配套部品产品的更新换代和产业化发展之路，可谓一举多得。

In addition，Steel structure can also promote the development of housing industrialization，Supporting a ministry to taste and promote the upgrading of products and industrialization development way，Is fully staffed。

　　远大的钢结构高楼梦想 Big steel structure buildings dream

　　“"天空城市"正式计划大约8月份公布。”远大可建在上述新闻稿中这样说。根据设计方案，总高838米220层的建筑将使用钢材约20万吨，是一个不折不扣的钢结构建筑。

“"The sky city"Formal plan released in about 8。”Great can built in the press said。According to the design scheme，Total is 838 meters high 220 layers of building will use about 200000 tons of steel，Is a regular steel structure building。

　　远大可建是远大科技集团的全资子公司，创立于2009年3月，专门经营9度抗震、5倍节能、20倍净化、90%工厂制造、1%建筑垃圾的可持续建筑。

Great can build is great science and technology corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of，Founded in March 2009，Specializes in 9 degree seismic、5 times the energy saving、20 times purification、90% factory、1% of the construction waste sustainable architecture。

　　远大集团新闻事务负责人朱琳芳介绍，“天空城市”和此前发布的“空中城市”都使用可持续建筑技术。虽然外形上非常相似，但设计规划方面相比后者又有不少改良。

Great group news ZhuLinFang affairs chief introduction，“The sky city”And after release“Air city”Use sustainable building technologies。Although very similar in shape，But the design planning compared with the latter have improved a lot。

　　远大可建的技术核心是全钢结构模块化建造，这种技术已经发展得比较成熟。远大集团相关负责人表示：“7个月的时间是指全钢结构模块的拼装时间，这部分程序并不难，做这样的高层建筑问题不大，真正的建设难度主要集中于模块材料的管理组织方面。”

Great can build core technology is whole steel structure modular build，This technology has developed more mature。Great group officials say：“Seven months of time is to point to whole steel structure module assembly time，This part of the program is not difficult，Do such high building the question is not big，The construction of the real difficulty mainly focus on the organization management module material。”

　　“由迪拜塔设计师设计，采用远大可持续建筑模块化材料，95%工程量在远大工厂完成，一天安装5层。”该计划表述。

“The dubai tower designer，The great sustainable construction modular materials，95% in great quantities factory complete，Day five layers installation。”The plan expression。

　　60%可循环再用 60% can be reused

　　实际上，我国钢结构建筑已经很广泛的应用于了建筑中。

In fact，China steel structure building is widely used in the building。

　　钢结构是指由型钢（含钢板）和高强钢丝等组合连接（焊接、高强螺栓）而成的钢结构骨架，而钢结构建筑是指用钢结构做承重，用环保、轻体、节能材料做围护结构的建筑。相对于传统钢筋混凝土结构，钢结构具有强度高、自重轻、抗震性能好、工业化程度高、施工周期短、环境污染少及可塑性强等优点。

Steel structure is to point to by steel（Contain steel plate）And the high strength steel wire combined connection（welding、High strength bolts）A steel structure skeleton，And steel structure building is to point to do with steel structure bearing，With environmental protection、Light body、Energy-saving materials do palisade structure of architecture。Compared with the traditional reinforced concrete structure，Steel structure has high strength、Light weight、Seismic performance is good、High degree industrialization、Construction period is short、Little environmental pollution and plasticity, etc。

　　中国建筑金属结构协会副会长、秘书长刘哲表示，钢结构建筑拆除后，60%~70%的材料可以循环使用，无疑节约了资源、减少了建筑垃圾，符合循环经济的要求。从另一个角度来说，建造钢结构建筑的钢材等于为国家储备了大量的钢铁资源。

China construction steel structure vice chairman of the association、Secretary general et al said，Steel structure building after being removed，60% to 70% of the material can recycle，No doubt save resources、Reduce the construction waste，Comply with the requirements of the circular economy。From another point of view，Construction steel structure building steel is equal to the national reserve for a large amount of steel resources。

　　优良的钢结构建筑是结构骨架节材、墙体节能、最大限度地满足功能、最低限度地影响环境、为人们提供健康舒适的活动空间，并能在建筑全寿命周期内，满足可持续发展理念。这种理念，符合发展省地节能建筑和经济持续健康发展的要求，在高层建筑、住宅建筑中更能发挥其自身优势。

The fine steel structure is the structural frame of saving material、Wall body energy saving、The maximum meet function、Minimally affect the environment、Provide people with health comfortable activity space，And in building the life cycle inside，Meet the concept of sustainable development。The idea，In line with the development of energy-saving building land-saving and sustainable economic health development request，In the high-rise building、Residential buildings can develop more its own advantage。

　　工期缩短1/2~2/3 Time shorten 1/2 to 2/3

　　钢结构建筑的产业化程度高，所有构件都可以工厂化预制生产，在现场进行标准化安装，能够提高施工效率、缩短工期，钢结构建筑比一般钢混建筑能缩短1/2~2/3的时间；能够实现建筑精度由厘米到毫米的转变，避免因现场施工的不可控造成质量缺陷，显著提高了建筑质量；同时，能够减少施工现场的湿作业，避免对环境的破坏。

Steel structure building high degree of industrialization，All components are can workshop prefabrication production，In the standard installation，To improve the construction efficiency、Shorten the construction period，Steel structure building than the average for the steel building can shorten 1/2-two-thirds of the time；To realize the accuracy of centimetres to mm by building the change，Avoid because of the construction site of uncontrolled cause quality defects，Improved the construction quality；At the same time，Can reduce the construction site of wet homework，To avoid the destruction of the environment。

　　2010年12月7日，国内首个国家钢结构住宅产业化基地在浙江杭萧钢构(600477,股吧)股份有限公司（下称“杭萧钢构”）揭牌，我国钢结构住宅产业化体系逐渐走向成熟。

December 7, 2010，China's first national steel structure housing industrialization base into hangxiao in zhejiang province(600477,Shares it)Co., LTD（Said the“Into hangxiao”）unveiled，China steel structure housing industrialization system gradually to mature。

　　杭萧钢构研发出与钢结构住宅配套的“三板体系”即内墙板、外墙板及楼板，满足了钢结构住宅产业化发展的需要，使钢结构住宅“高、大、轻”的独特优势得以充分发挥。

Into hangxiao developed and steel structure housing matching“SanBan system”Namely inside wallboard、The wall and floor，Meet the steel structure housing industrialization development needs，The steel structure housing“high、big、light”The unique advantages to full play。

　　“运用钢结构技术建设住宅，相对于传统建筑，钢结构建筑在节能、环保、保温、隔热、建筑寿命等问题上都具有很明显的优势。”杭萧钢构董事长单银木表示。

“Using the steel structure housing construction technology，Compared with the traditional architecture，Steel structure building in energy saving、Environmental protection、Heat preservation、Heat insulation、Building on such problems as life has a significant advantage。”Into hangxiao zhou jinfa, the chairman said。

　　发展钢结构住宅是我国住宅产业化发展的路径之一。从1994年，我国在上海北蔡建起的第一栋8层钢结构住宅，已过去18年的时间。1999年8月，国务院办公厅转发了《关于推进住宅产业现代化，提高住宅质量若干意见的通知》，明确了发展住宅产业要走循环经济发展之路、走工业化、标准化之路。

Development of the steel structure housing housing industrialization development is one of the path。From 1994，Our country in Shanghai bei-cai built the first 8 layer building steel structure housing，Already the past 18 years。August 1999，The state council on forwarding《About the housing industry modernization，Improve the quality of housing some opinions of the notice》，Clear the development of housing industry to go circular economy development way、Go industrialization、A standardized way。

　　推广钢结构住宅已是蓄势待发，建设部门相继出台多项政策：2001年，原建设部发布了《钢结构住宅建筑产业化技术导则》，原建设部科技司还组织了40项钢结构住宅建筑体系及关键技术研究课题的研究、开发，开展试点工程；2005年，原建设部颁布《国家钢结构住宅国家标准图》；2009年我国第一部《钢结构住宅设计规范》颁布实施。2010年10月1日，住建部发布的《轻型钢结构住宅技术规程》正式实施。

Promotion of the steel structure housing already is gaining momentum，Construction department have issued several policy：2001 years，Issued by the ministry of construction《Steel structure housing construction technical guideline for industrialization》，The original construction ministry also organized 40 slurry steel structure housing construction system and the key technology research topic research、development，Pilot project；2005 years，Issued by the ministry of construction《National steel structure housing national standard drawing》；In 2009, our country the first《Steel structure housing design standard》enacted。October 1, 2010，Live JianBu release《Light steel structure housing technical procedures》Formally implementing。

　　纵观发达国家的住宅产业化过程，大体经历了三个阶段。第一阶段，建立工业化的住宅建造体系，提高生产效率，加快住宅建设的进程；第二阶段，住宅产业化的重点是提高住宅质量和住宅性能；第三阶段，进入到建筑可持续发展阶段，重点转向节能、降低物耗以及资源的循环利用。目前，我国住宅建设正处于从第一阶段向第二阶段过渡的时期。

Throughout the developed countries of the housing industrialization process，General went through three stages。The first stage，Establish the residential building system of industrialization，Improve production efficiency，To speed up the process of the construction of the house；Second stage，Housing industrialization is focused on the improvement of the quality and performance of residential housing；The third stage，To enter the building sustainable development stage，Key to energy saving、Reduce the consumption of resources and recycling。At present，Our country is in residential construction from the first stage to the second phase transition period。

　　中国建筑金属结构协会建筑钢结构委员会副主任胡育科指出，钢结构建筑不仅材料可以回收、重复利用，减少建筑垃圾的排放，更由于其结构抗震性能好，在我国的高层住宅等公共设施建设中应该优先推广。

China construction steel structure construction steel structure association, deputy director of the HuYuKe said，Steel structure building not only material can be recycled、Use again，Reduce emissions of the construction waste，More because of its structure seismic performance is good，In our high-level residence in the construction of public facilities should be preferred promotion。

　　带动新材料变革 Drive the new material change

　　根据有关机构对台湾“9·21”地震建筑物破坏情况的统计：钢筋混凝土结构为52.5%、砖混结构为24.1%、钢结构仅0.6%；日本神户市政厅的钢结构建筑在经历了阪神地震后基本完好，而与其相邻的一幢8层钢筋混凝土建筑却遭到严重的破坏，其中一层被压扁了，上部3层整体坍塌。

According to the relevant authorities in Taiwan“September 21”The earthquake damage building statistics：Reinforced concrete structure is 52.5%、The brick structure for 24.1%、Steel structure only 0.6%；Japan kobe city hall of steel structure building after the hanshin earthquake basic intact，And the adjacent building in a 8 layer reinforced concrete building were serious damage，One layer is squashed flat，The upper layer 3 overall collapse。

　　长期从事钢铁技术研究的教授袁伟霞认为，“除抗震效果好外，钢结构住宅可循环利用，，结合保温隔热、废旧利用的新型墙体建材开发，能够达到节能省地的目标。”

Long engaged in steel of the technical research YuanWeiXia think professor，“In addition to the seismic effect is good，Steel structure housing recycled，，Combined with thermal insulation、The new wall materials used by development，To achieve the goal of saving-energy。”

　　钢结构住宅体系易于实现工业化生产，标准化制作，与之相配套的墙体材料可以采用节能、环保的新型材料，可再生重复利用，因此钢结构体系住宅成套技术的研究成果必将大大促进住宅产业化的快速发展。

Steel structure housing system is easy to realize the industrial production，Standardized production，With matching wall material can use the energy、Environmental protection of new materials，Renewable use again，So the steel structure housing system complete set technology of research results will greatly promote the rapid development of housing industrialization。

　　胡育科介绍，由于钢结构便于形成稳定的独立结构，可以在内外墙板材料上推广使用新型节能板材，研制开发门窗、玻璃等具有密闭保温功能的新材料，规格的标准化有利于开发整体式厨卫体系，可以利用工业废渣或粉煤灰等研制各种美观实用的新型组合材料等。

HuYuKe introduced，As the steel structure easy to form a stable independent structure，The inner and outer wall material can promote the use of new energy-saving plank，Developed doors and Windows、Glass has closed the new materials heat preservation function，The standardization of specifications for development and hutch defends system，Can use industrial waste or fly ash, etc to developing all kinds of beautiful and practical new type composite materials。

　　“通过钢结构住宅的推广，带动新材料、新工艺的变革，逐步减少对沙石、水泥的依赖，最终推动我国建筑领域实现循环经济、节能环保的可持续发展目标。”胡育科强调。

“Through the steel structure housing of promotion，Drive new material、The new technology of change，Gradually reduce the gravel、Cement depends on the，Finally promoting building field recycling economy、Energy conservation and environmental protection of the objective of sustainable development。”HuYuKe emphasize。

　　突破瓶颈 To break through the bottleneck

　　国家提倡建设节能省地住宅，而有关钢结构住宅的设计规范及配套技术、材料基本具备。如我国每年竣工6亿平方米的城镇住宅建筑有5%采用钢结构，按多层、高层建筑平均每平方米用钢50公斤计算，用钢量将达到每年150万吨。

The state encourages saving-energy residential construction，And the steel structure housing design standard and related technology、Material basic have。As China's annual completed 600 million square meters of residential building is the town 5% steel structure，According to the multilayer、On average every square metre tall buildings with steel 50 kg calculation，Steel quantity will reach 1.5 million tons per year。

　　为此，在“十二五”的开局之年，中国建筑金属结构协会、住房和城乡建设部住宅产业化促进中心共同组建了“钢结构住宅产业化课题研究组”，以研究钢结构建筑应用中存在的问题并找出解决方案，以此推动钢结构的应用步伐。

For this，in“1025”The beginning of，China construction steel structure association、Housing and rural construction of housing industrialization promotion center jointly establish......“Steel structure housing industrialization subject research team”，So as to research in steel structure building problem in application and find solutions，To promote the application of the steel structure pace。

　　虽然钢结构有诸多好处，但目前其在国内的发展仍不尽如人意。我国所谓的绿色建筑政策仅指建筑墙体的节能、太阳能利用等，而对钢结构骨架的节材几乎闭口不谈。这样就导致我国不少大型钢结构的笨重和怪异。

Although steel structure have many other benefits，But at present the development in home is still not satisfactory。Our so-called green building policy only refers to the building wall energy saving、Solar energy，And for steel structure skeleton materials saving almost clammed up。This results in our country many large steel structure of the heavy and weird。

　　中国建筑金属结构协会会长姚兵指出：“钢结构不是说体量要大，或者说要多用钢，而是说要合理用钢，并不是把钢结构建筑建成钢结构碉堡”。

China construction steel structure association President YaoBing said：“Steel structure is not said to large size，Or to use steel，But that should reasonable use steel，And is not the steel structure building built steel structure bunker”。

　　刘哲认为，造成钢结构建筑目前困境的原因很多，有政府层面缺乏具体的、可操作性的产业政策原因，也有钢结构住宅的技术标准、规范不健全且修订不及时等技术性原因，还有钢结构住宅配套的相关产品和技术尚不完善等原因。

Et al think，Cause steel structure building predicament currently for many reasons，Has the government level of the lack of specific、Maneuverability industry policy reasons，Also have steel structure housing technical standards、Standard is not sound and revised technical reasons such as not in time，And steel structure housing supporting the related products and technology is not perfect yet wait for a reason。

　　专家提出，要推动钢结构建筑发展，首先在项目规划、立项、设计和审批环节上，相关主管部门可以出台一些优先发展、优先审批的政策，对一些地震等自然灾害活跃的地区，办公、医院、学校、文化公共设施应强制推行钢结构建筑操作规范。另外，对钢结构住宅的建设给予贷款和税收方面的支持等。

Experts suggest，To promote the development of steel structure building，First of all in project planning、project、Design and approval of the links，Relevant departments issued some priority development、The policy priority for examination and approval，For some earthquake and active region of natural disasters，office、hospital、The school、Culture public facilities should be mandatory steel structure building operation norm。In addition，For the construction of the steel structure housing loans and tax to support, etc。