文鹏

WenPeng

　　

新闻背景 News background

　　日前，国务院办公厅转发教育部等部门《关于做好进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后在当地参加升学考试工作的意见》，对于被社会广泛关注的“异地高考”政策提出了明确规定，给各地订出最晚时间线：各地有关随迁子女升学考试的方案原则上应于2012年年底前出台，同时要求北京、上海等流动人口集中的地区防止“高考移民”。

a,The general office of the state council departments and so on ministry of education forward[The preparation for migrant workers SuiQian children receive compulsory education after the local attend school entrance examination opinions],To be wide public concern"Different college entrance examination"Policy put forward specific provision,The world order out of the latest time line:The children all over SuiQian entrance examination scheme in principle should be introduced in 2012 by the end of the year,At the same time the requirement Beijing/Shanghai and other floating population centralized area to prevent"College entrance examination immigrant".

　　随着进城务工人员规模不断扩大，随迁子女完成义务教育人数不断增多，随迁子女升学考试问题日益突出。随迁子女在流入地参加高考的问题，被社会称为“异地高考”。

With the scale enlargement of the migrant workers,SuiQian children complete compulsory education increasing number,SuiQian children eleven-plus has become an increasingly important issue.SuiQian children attend the university entrance exam in defined the problem,Called by the society"Different college entrance examination".

　　今年3月两会期间，教育部部长袁贵仁曾承诺，关于随迁子女的高考问题，会在十个月内出台全国性的意见。当时，袁贵仁说：“鼓励各省市结合实际，尽快推出异地高考方案，但异地高考也不意味着完全放开，而是存在‘条件准入’：一方面要考虑城市的承载能力，另一方面也需要家长满足在当地工作等条件。”

In march this year sessions,The ministry of education minister yuan guiren indicated had promised,SuiQian about their children's college entrance examination questions,In the ten months issued nationwide opinion.At that time,Yuan guiren indicated said:"Encourage all the provinces and combined with actual,Launched as soon as possible different college entrance examination scheme,But different college entrance examination also doesn't mean completely let go,But existing‘Condition access’:On the one hand to consider the bearing capacity of the city,On the other hand also need parents meet in local work conditions."

　　今年7月，教育部网站公布了《国家教育事业发展第十二个五年规划》，其中明确提出要推动各地制定非户籍常住人口在流入地接受高中阶段教育，省内流动人口就地参加高考升学以及省外常住非户籍人口在居住地参加高考升学的办法。

July,The ministry of education website[National education career development twelfth five-year plan],The clear offered to drive around for the permanent population census register in defined the accept high school education,Province floating population in situ attend the university entrance exam studies and outside the province permanent non census register population in the residence to participate in college entrance examination entrance way.

　　

解读一 Reading a

　　

各地自定政策 Since all the policy

　　这份文件是国务院办公厅转发教育部等部门关于做好进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后在当地参加升学考试工作意见的通知。通知称，教育部、发展改革委、公安部、人力资源社会保障部《关于做好进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后在当地参加升学考试工作的意见》已经国务院同意。

This document is the general office of the state council on forwarding the ministry of education and other departments to migrant workers SuiQian children receive compulsory education after the local attend school entrance examination work opinion notice.Notice said,The ministry of education/Development and reform commission/The ministry of public security/Human resources social security[The preparation for migrant workers SuiQian children receive compulsory education after the local attend school entrance examination opinions]The state council has agreed to.

　　教育部等部门的意见指出，随迁子女升学考试工作要“统筹考虑进城务工人员随迁子女升学考试需求和人口流入地教育资源承载能力等现实可能，积极稳妥地推进”。各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府要根据城市功能定位、产业结构布局和城市资源承载能力，根据进城务工人员在当地的合法稳定职业、合法稳定住所(含租赁)和按照国家规定参加社会保险年限以及随迁子女在当地连续就学年限等情况，确定随迁子女在当地参加升学考试的具体条件，制定具体办法。

The ministry of education and other department pointed out that opinion,SuiQian children eleven-plus work to"Overall consideration of rural migrant workers in SuiQian children eleven-plus demand and defined the education resources population bearing capacity of reality may,Actively and steadily push forward the".provinces/Autonomous region/Municipalities directly under the central government according to the city function orientation/The industrial structure layout and city resources carrying capacity,According to the migrant workers in the local legal stable occupation/Legal stable residence(Including lease)And in accordance with state regulations, attend social insurance fixed number of year and SuiQian children learn in local continuous fixed number of year, etc,Sure SuiQian in local children attend school entrance examination of the specific conditions of the,Formulate concrete measures.

　　

解读二 Reading two

　　

当地录取比例不受影响 The local admission proportion is not affected

　　根据意见，北京、上海等人口流入集中的地区要进一步摸清底数，掌握非本地户籍人口变动和随迁子女就学等情况，抓紧建立健全进城务工人员管理制度，制定出台有关随迁子女升学考试的方案。对符合在当地参加升学考试条件的随迁子女净流入数量较大的省份，教育部、发展改革委采取适当增加高校招生计划等措施，保障当地高考录取比例不因符合条件的随迁子女参加当地高考而受到影响。对不符合在流入地参加升学考试条件的随迁子女，流出地和流入地要积极配合，做好政策衔接，保障考生能够回流出地参加升学考试；经流出地和流入地协商，有条件的流入地可提供借考服务。各地要加强对考生报考资格的审查，严格规范、公开透明地执行随迁子女升学考试政策，防止“高考移民”。

According to opinion,Beijing/Shanghai population into concentrated region should further understanding base number,Master non-native household register population change and SuiQian children's schooling, etc,To establish and perfect the management system of rural migrant workers,Promulgated on SuiQian children eleven-plus solutions.In accordance with local conditions in the entrance examination of the net inflow SuiQian children greater number of provinces,The ministry of education/Development and reform commission take appropriate measures such as increasing college enrollment plan,Ensure the local college entrance examination admission scale not by the qualified SuiQian children to participate in local college entrance examination and affected.Fails to meet the defined in in the entrance exam conditions SuiQian children,Come and should actively cooperate with defined,Provide policy cohesion,Ensure the examinee to be able to come back to the entrance exam;The places and defined the consultation,Conditional defined can provide JieKao service.The various localities should strengthen to the examinee enter oneself for an examination of the qualification examination,strict/Transparent enforcement SuiQian children eleven-plus policy,prevent"College entrance examination immigrant".

　　意见强调，教育部门会同有关部门依据随迁子女升学考试人数合理调配资源，做好招生计划编制、考生报名组织、考试实施以及招生录取等工作。发展改革部门要将进城务工人员随迁子女教育纳入当地经济社会发展规划。公安部门要加强对流动人口的服务管理，及时提供进城务工人员及其随迁子女的居住等相关信息。人力资源社会保障部门要及时提供进城务工人员的就业和社保信息。

Opinion emphasize,Education department jointly with the relevant departments, according to SuiQian children eleven-plus number reasonable deployment of resources,To recruit students planning/Examinee registration organization/Implementation of the test and acceptance, etc.Development and reform department will migrant workers SuiQian children education into local economic and social development planning.The public security departments should strengthen the service management of the floating population,To provide in time the migrant workers and their SuiQian children living and other related information.Human resources social security departments should provide migrant workers employment and social security information.

　　

观点争鸣 View of

　　

“准入门槛”要有度 "Admittance threshold"To have

　　2012年2月、5月，山东、福建相继公布了本省的“异地高考”政策，两省均明确从2014年起在当地有工作的外来务工人员子女，拥有完整的当地高中三年学籍，就可以在当地参加高考，并与本地户籍居民按同等标准参加高考录取。

In February 2012/may,shandong/Fujian province have released the"Different college entrance examination"policy,The two provinces are clear since 2014 in local working migrant workers children,Has a complete local high school student three years,Can in local attend the university entrance exam,And with the local residents of census register according to the same standard to participate in college entrance examination admission.

　　然而，对一些地区而言，实行异地高考，可能会导致大规模的高考移民潮，如北京、上海、广州等发达城市，这将给城市的管理、保障等带来巨大压力。因此，对异地高考必须设置“准入门槛”。

however,For some for areas,Implement different college entrance examination,Could lead to a college entrance examination immigrant tide,Such as Beijing/Shanghai/Guangzhou and other developed cities,This will give the city management/Security and bring great pressure.therefore,The university entrance exam to different places must be set up"Admittance threshold".

　　究竟哪些人能考，哪些人不能考，“门槛”如何，广受关注。若“门槛”太高，受益面太窄，新政策的初衷可能难以实现，若太低甚至“零门槛”，流入地有限的教育资源也难以承载。需考虑学生实际情况，那些在人口流入地出生，并多年在当地接受义务教育的外来务工人员随迁子女，可以获得更多“评分”权重；同时考虑父母情况，包括在当地纳税记录、缴纳社会保险情况等。但要防止的是，“准入门槛”成为另一种形式的“拼爹”。

What kind of people can take an examination of,What man can not take an examination of,"threshold"How to,Wide concern.if"threshold"Is too high,Benefited range is too narrow,The purpose of the new policy may be difficult to achieve,Even if is too low"Zero threshold",Limited education resources and defined the difficult to load.Students need to consider the actual situation,Those in the population born defined,And many years in local receive compulsory education of migrant workers SuiQian children,Can gain more"score"weight;At the same time consider parents situation,Included in the local tax records/Pay society insurance situation, etc.But to prevent is,"Admittance threshold"Become another form of"Spell dad".

　　另外，要解决异地高考问题，必须统一高考模式。异地高考问题在于随父母的外省籍学生能否融入当地高中学习和生活。如果各地高考模式不统一，他们就无法在异地上高中。而现在全国各地的高考模式各不相同，除了江苏模式，还有“3+2”方式、“3+X”方式和、“3+文(理)综”等等，由于高考模式的差异很大，各省市高中的教学模式和学生使用的教材就不尽相同，这给异地高考带来了困难。因此，建议对各省市区高考模式要适当改革，高考的语数外三门可以由中央统一命题，这样有利于实施异地高考。

In addition,To solve different problems the college entrance examination,Must be unified college entrance examination mode.The problem is different with the parents of the university entrance exam mainlanders whether students into the local high school study and life.If all the university entrance exam mode not unified,They cannot be in different places in high school.And now all over the country the university entrance exam mode each are not identical,In addition to jiangsu mode,and"3 + 2"way/"3 + X"Mode and/"3 + wen(reason)harness", etc,Because the university entrance exam mode difference is very big,All the provinces and high school teaching mode and students to use the teaching materials is not the same,This has brought the difficulty to the university entrance exam to different places.therefore,Suggestions to the provinces city college entrance examination mode should be appropriate reform,The university entrance exam language the number three can be made by the central unified proposition,Like this is advantageous to implement different college entrance examination.

　　杨亚军

YangYaJun

　　

专家点评 Expert comments

　　

谁来监管高考资格审查 Who will monitor the university entrance exam qualification examination

　　杨红兵

YangGongBing

　　随迁子女涌入，本地考生的升学利益会不会受到影响，一些家长担忧：是否会因为增加了大量随迁子女共同参与高考竞争，而增加了高考难度。

SuiQian children into,Local examinee's entrance interests will will not be affected,Some parents worry:Whether because of increased a lot of SuiQian child participation in the competition in the college entrance examination,And increases the difficulty of the university entrance exam.

　　事实上，关于“异地高考”的问题，这几年教育主管部门和部分省份一直都在积极探索、反复论证，譬如山东、福建等省相继出台异地高考试点方案。这为教育主管部门统筹协调、实现全国联动提供丰富而宝贵的经验。可以说，现在要求各地拿出“异地高考”方案的时机已经成熟，解决方法已经明了。那就是细化城市流动人口管理和增加流入地的招录计划，做到随迁不随便，有条件准入，流入不影响，即增加招生计划确保当地考生升学利益不受影响。

In fact,about"Different college entrance examination"problems,Over the past few years education departments and some provinces have been actively explore/Repeated proof,Such as shandong/Fujian provinces have issued different college entrance examination site scheme.The education departments overall coordination/To realize the national linkage to provide rich and valuable experience.Can say,Now requires all take out"Different college entrance examination"The time is ripe scheme,Solution has been clear.That is refining urban floating population management and increase the defined the ZhaoLu plan,Do SuiQian don't literally,Conditional access,Inflow does not affect,That to increase enrollment plan to ensure that local examinee bound interests shall not be affected.

　　“异地高考”的改革大局已定，思路已经明晰，方法也明了，关键在于细化方案和落实执行，比如随迁子女参加升学考试细则如何规避沦为权钱通吃的“高考移民”福利，如何确保最底层的没房没社保的进城务工人员子女也能均衡享受升学的权益，又有什么样监管制度保障高考报名资格审查客观、公正、透明。

"Different college entrance examination"The overall situation of reform has been made,Ideas have clear,Methods and,The key lies in refining scheme and the implementation,For example SuiQian children attend school entrance examination rules how to avoid a softening power"College entrance examination immigrant"welfare,How to ensure that bottom no room no social security of migrant workers children can also enjoy the rights and interests of the equilibrium of entrance,And what kind of supervision system guarantee the university entrance exam qualification review objective/justice/transparent.

　　客观说，“异地高考”推进牵涉教育质量、资源分配、地方经济、地方百姓利益、招录指标分配等诸多环节，全面铺开有一定难度。因此，要解决随迁子女升学问题，不仅要出台限定时间表的文件，还需要有罚则和监督制度跟进，否则因地制宜确定条件就可能沦为镜中月、水中花的一纸空文。这不仅考验地方政府服务宗旨定位力、贯彻力，更是表明政府公益胸襟与发展智慧，对此，我们充满期待。

Objective said,"Different college entrance examination"Propulsion involves education quality/Resource allocation/Local economic/Local people benefit/ZhaoLu index distribution and so on many links,Spread to open completely has the certain difficulty.therefore,To solve the problem SuiQian children bound,Not only should publish limit schedule documents,Also needs a penalty and supervision system to follow up,Otherwise, adjust measures to local conditions to determine conditions may become mirror month/The water of the flowers on old parchment.This is a test not only the local government service tenet positioning force/Implement force,But also show that the government public mind and development wisdom,this,We are looking forward to.

　　(来源:北京日报)

(Sources: Beijing daily)