看似结束了，其实刚开始 Looks over,Actually started

　　

山东大学“大部制”改革透视 Shandong university"The super-ministries"Reform perspective

　　2012年底，一场低调进行了两年多的“大部制”改革在山东大学悄然落下帷幕。

By the end of 2012,A low profile for two years"The super-ministries"Reform in shandong university quietly came to an end.

　　“高校实行大部制改革，是因为高校的管理架构和政府很相似，高校成了政府的延伸。”山东大学党委常务副书记李建军说。

"Higher education institutes the super-ministries reform,Because the management structure and the government is very similar,The extension of a government."Shandong university party committee standing vice secretary soloing said.

　　可“大部制”改革显然不是高校改革的终极目标，“校长是给教授搬椅子的”，这句话在过去多少年后，仍然振聋发聩。而在中国的高校中，重新建立起真正的学术为尊、学者治学，还有很长的路要走。

can"The super-ministries"Reform is obviously not the ultimate goal of the reform,"The headmaster is to move the chair professor",This sentence in the past many years later,The author still.In China's colleges and universities in the,To set up the real academic for honour/Scholars research,There is still a long way to go.

　　从这个意义上说，刚刚落下的帷幕，也许只是个开始。

In this sense,Just drop the curtain,Maybe just a start.

　　

政府机构有多少， How many government agencies,

　　

高校机构就有多少 Higher education institutes to have how many

　　临近年底，山东大学社会学系教授王忠武到学校报销出差费用，工作人员态度非常客气，几乎是“毕恭毕敬”地为这位教授办完所有手续。“行政人员的作风改变很大。”王忠武说，有位教授因为手续不全，办起来非常麻烦，工作人员详细做了解释，自始至终态度都很好。对比以前有些校机关做事拖沓、脸难看的印象，王忠武很自然地想起了“一把椅子”的理论。

Near the end of the year,Shandong university department of social WangZhongWu school professor to submit an expense account business trip expenses,Staff attitude is very polite,Is almost"courtesy"For the professor through all the formalities."Administrative personnel's style of the great change."WangZhongWu said,A professor because not all formalities,Do up very trouble,The staff detailed explanation,From beginning to end attitude is very good.Contrast before some school work for procrastination/Face ugly impression,WangZhongWu naturally think of"A chair"theory.

　　“一把椅子论”由山大校长徐显明提出。从2009年底，山大就开始试点旨在改变校部机关的“大部制”改革，以转变现有高等教育管理理念，增强服务意识。2012年5月，山大推进第二批“大部制”改革，在改革动员会上，徐显明说：“如果只有一把椅子，校长不能坐，处长也不能坐，只要老师来了，这把椅子只能是给老师坐，校长和处长要站起来，把椅子让出来。”

"A chair theory"The President proposed a XuXianMing.From the end of 2009,Shandong began to pilot aims to change JiaoBu authority"The super-ministries"reform,To change the higher education management concept,Enhance service awareness.In May 2012,The second batch of shandong propulsion"The super-ministries"reform,In the reform mobilization meeting,XuXianMing said:"If only a chair,The principal can't sit,Director also can't sit,As long as the teacher came in,This chair is only to the teacher sat,The headmaster and director want to stand up,Chair let out."

　　上世纪三四十年代，清华大学老校长梅贻琦对“椅子论”也有过类似阐述，他留下了日后广为流传的名言：“校长是给教授搬椅子的。”

On century,Tsinghua university to old headmaster mei yiqi"Chair theory"Also had similar paper,He left the future the widespread sayings:"The headmaster is to move the chair professor."

　　在山大的“大部制”改革中，重提“椅子论”，学校也有自身的考虑。1月12日，校党委常务副书记李建军对本报记者说，我国的政府和高校管理体制，是在长期计划经济体制中形成的，“高校的管理架构和政府很相似，我们的高校是政府的延伸。”在李建军看来，现有管理体制不适应山大发展，“要建世界一流大学，大学内部管理体制必须改变。”

In the shandong"The super-ministries"reform,revert"Chair theory",The school also have their own consideration.January 12,Pku executive vice secretary soloing to our reporter said,China's government and university management system,Is in the long-term planned economy system formed,"The management structure and the government is very similar,Our university is the government's extension."In soloing seems,The existing management system can not adapt to the development of shandong,"To build a world class university,University internal management system must be changed."

　　21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇教授在盘点了众多高校的管理机构后，直指高校已成为“一级政府”。他发现，北大的管理机构与国务院管理机构一样多，其他大学通常也有30个左右机构，普遍存在机构重叠、人员庞杂、行政干预学术的问题。

The 21st century education research institute, vice President of the XiongBingJi professor in the inventory of the administration of institutions of higher education services,Directed at college has become"The government at the".He found,Peking University management mechanism and management institutions of the state council as much,Other university usually has around 30 mechanism,Widespread organization overlap/Possibly personnel/Administrative intervention academic problems.

　　尽管改革思路颇有相似，但相比舆论对政府“大部制”改革的关注热情，高校“大部制”改革显得有点冷清。无论是浙江大学的学部制改革，还是清华大学的内部管理体制改革，均未成为舆论关注的焦点。

Although there is quite a similar reform ideas,But compared to the government public opinion"The super-ministries"Pay attention to the reform of enthusiasm,the"The super-ministries"Reform seem a bit cold and cheerless.Whether the zhejiang university division system reform,Or tsinghua university internal management system reform,All did not become the focus of public opinion.

　　山大从2009年底就试点的“大部制”改革同样低调，李建军说，改革前后历时两年多，一直“不声不响，媒体的报道都很少”，以致该校一位研究高等教育的教授，自始至终对改革都没有“很关注”。

From the end of 2009, a pilot"The super-ministries"Reform also low-key,Soloing said,Before and after the reform for more than two years,Has been"As quiet as a mouse,Media reports are few",So that the higher education, a research professor,From beginning to end to the reform are not"Very attention".

　　“安静”有时也意味着改革者的审慎。李建军说，改革前，山大不仅借鉴了国内高校的经验，也将世界一流大学作为对象进行研究，最终找到了可资借鉴的改革方式：大学的“扁平化”管理。

"quiet"Sometimes also means reformer and prudent.Soloing said,Before reform,Not only a reference to the domestic university experience,Will the world first-class university as a research object,Finally found the way to reference the reform:university"flattening"management.

　　在“大部制”改革推进过程中，法学博士出身的徐显明鲜有激进举措，改革的每一步推进都很谨慎，“一步一个脚印”。一个可以印证的事实是，早在2009年底，山大就进行了首批“大部制”改革试点，撤销原科技处、社科处、学术委员会办公室等机构，组建学术研究部；撤销原校友办、国内合作办等机构，组建合作发展部。不过，直到2012年5月，山大才进行第二批“大部制”改革，前后相差两年半。

in"The super-ministries"In the process of reform,A doctor of law XuXianMing few radical measures,Promote the reform of every step are very cautious,"One step at a time".One can confirm the fact that,As early as the end of 2009,Shandong is the first"The super-ministries"Reform pilot,Cancel the original science and technology department/In social science/Academic committee office and other agencies,Set up academic research;Cancel the original alumni do/Domestic cooperation do institution, etc,Set up cooperation development.but,Until May 2012,To make the second batch of shandong"The super-ministries"reform,Difference before and after two and a half years.

　　面对中国高等教育领域的顽疾，不乏有改革者施以猛药。去年，中南大学推出一系列改革计划，一时“改革激荡中南大”。在李建军看来，稳妥是山大“大部制”改革的一大思路。“我们是要探索高校管理体制改革，建立一个好的制度，这需要缜密的方案。”他告诉本报记者，试点前，学校对各方面可能出现的问题都做了预案，试点过程中，书记、校长大会讲小会讲，统一认识，“我们光中层班子调整补充，2012年就基本搞了一年，做人的工作必须细。”

In the face of China's higher education field of persistent ailment,There is no lack of a reformer with fierce medicine.Last year,Central south university launched a series of reform plan,a"Reform machine zhongnan big".In soloing seems,Safe is a"The super-ministries"A great reform ideas."We are to seek university management system reform,To establish a good system,This requires careful plan."He told our reporter,Pilot before,The school on the possible problem of the plan,Pilot process,secretary/The principal told the meeting speak,Unified understanding,"We light middle group adjustment added,2012 basic make a year,A work must be fine."

　　徐显明在谈及改革方案时直言，这不是一个彻底的方案，“是一个符合山东大学现实的方案，不是一个过于超前的方案。”

XuXianMing about reform plan in when the truth,This is not a complete solution,"According to the reality of the scheme of shandong university,Not a too advanced solutions."

　　

处长变成项目主管， Director into project supervisor,

　　

该怎么称呼？ How to call?

　　合作发展部是山大首批试点成立的大部，部长王飞形容改革后的工作，是从以前“单兵作战”变成“协同作战”。

Cooperation development is the first batch of pilot established a most,Minister WangFei describe after the reform work,From before"Solo combat"into"together".

　　他举例说，以前做校友工作，往往涉及校友办和国内合作办两个处级单位，办事需要校领导协调，“如果两个部门分管领导不一样，协调成本更高。”改革之后，相似的问题只需通过部办公会就能解决，“减少了沟通层级，提高了效率。”

He said one example,Alumni do before work,Often involves alumni do and domestic cooperation do two place class unit,Handle affairs need to coordinate the school leader,"If the two leaders in charge of different departments,Coordination cost higher."After reform,Similar problems just through the department club can solve,"To reduce the communication level,Improves the efficiency."

　　实行“大部制”后，机构“合并同类项”，必然带来人员的安置问题。第二批“大部制”改革，涉及学校办公室、党委统战部、人事部、本科生院、党委学生工作部、财务部、学生就业与发展服务中心及新设立的齐鲁医学部8个部门，16个正处级领导岗位和38个副处级领导岗位，全部实行竞争上岗。徐显明在动员会上提出压缩编制目标，“要按照不低于10%的比例来进行压缩。”

implement"The super-ministries"after,institutions"Merge similar terms",Will bring personnel placement.The second batch of"The super-ministries"reform,Involved in the school office/Party committee united front work department/The personnel department/Undergraduate school/The party committee students work/finance/Students employment and development service center and a new qilu medical department and other relevant departments,16 ZhengChuJi leadership positions and and a deputy place class leadership positions,All the competition mount guard.XuXianMing in mobilization put forward at the meeting are compressed establishment goal,"According to the proportion of no less than 10% for compression."

　　由于“大部制”要撤并一些机构，这就会面临与政府推进“大部制”改革同样的问题撤谁不撤谁都是问题。李建军也发现，不同机构之间对改革的认识“不一致”。为减少改革阻力，徐显明在动员会上承诺：改革后干部的级别身份不发生变化，待遇不发生变化。

because"The super-ministries"To some institutions merger,This will be faced with the government to promote"The super-ministries"Reform the same question from who does not withdraw who are problems.Soloing also found that,Between different institutions to the understanding of the reform"Don't agree".In order to reduce resistance to reform,XuXianMing in mobilization meeting commitment:After the reform of the cadre identity level does not change,Salary is not changed.

　　在此次干部竞岗中，山大设置了56岁的年龄门槛，消化了一批年龄大的干部。在这些干部的安置上，山大也打足人情牌，去职前均安排校领导谈话，李建军承担了其中的大多数工作。

In the cadres in the JingGang,Shandong set up 56 years old age threshold,Digest a batch of old cadres.In these cadres in the resettlement of,Shandong also play foot and brand,Before leaving the school leader arrangement are talking,Soloing for most of the work.

　　一位处级干部告诉本报记者，改革过程中一些干部心有顾虑。几个部门合并后，原先的干部级别虽然不变，但正职岗位只有一个，毕竟正职和副职的权力是不一样的，“正职才有签字权。”

A place class staff told the reporter,In the course of the reform of some cadres heart scruples.Several department after the merger,The original cadre level although constant,But this post is only one,After all this and deputy head of the power is different,"This only signing authority."

　　山大人事部部长方辉说，到2012年底“大部制”改革结束，正副处级干部减少了20%。

Personnel department of shandong FangHui said,By the end of 2012"The super-ministries"Reform over,Deputy place class cadre is decreased by 20%.

　　改革过程中也有一些小插曲。一位干部从正处岗调到大部任副职后，同事对如何称呼他思考了很久。为了弱化职务概念，合作发展部对干部不论级别统称项目主管。这也引发了小麻烦，一位员工在跟政府机关打交道时，掏出名片，人家先问“项目主管是什么级别”。

In the course of the reform also have a small episode.A cadre from are transferred to the most after as deputy head,My colleagues on how to call him thinking for a long time.In order to weaken position concept,Cooperation development of cadres regardless of level referred to as the project supervisor.This also caused a little trouble,An employee with government agencies in the deal,Out their CARDS,People ask"Project supervisor is what level".

　　在同样实行项目主管制的学术研究部，这一小小的称谓变化被赋予了“去行政化”的意味。“不叫处长、主任，改叫项目主管，工作针对性更强了。”部长赵显说，在一个学校里，就应该是学术立校、学术兴校，“其他因素掺杂得要少一点。”

In the same practice project supervisor system of academic research,This small appellation change is given"To the administrative"that."Don't call director/director,Change that project supervisor,Specific work better."Minister zhao show said,In a school,It is made of academic school/Academic hing school,"Other factors doping have to less."

　　这正是高校推行“大部制”改革的意义所在。武汉大学原校长刘经南曾表示，高校实行“大部制”改革，是为了“真正建立以学术为核心的内部管理体制”。

This is what the implementation"The super-ministries"The meaning of reform.Former President of wuhan university LiuJingNa has said,Higher education institutes"The super-ministries"reform,Is to"Establish a real academic is the core of the internal management system".

　　“不要把机关当领导，而是服务。”李建军表示，“大部制”起到了转变观念的作用，“校部机关是为教学和学生服务的。”这也是山大未来发展的原动力，“建世界一流大学不在校部机关，而是学院、老师。”

"Don't put the authority when leadership,But service."Soloing said,"The super-ministries"Play the role of the changing ideas,"JiaoBu authority is for teaching and student services."This is also a driving force of the development of the future,"To build a world class university is not JiaoBu authority,But college/The teacher."

　　

“大部制”只是迈出 "The super-ministries"Just take

　　

高校改革第一步 The reform of the first step

　　当下，政府机构改革已经步入“深水区”，以“学者治学”、“教授治教”为目标的高校行政体制改革同样也处在攻坚阶段。

the,The government institutional reform have entered into"Deep water area",to"Scholars research"/"Professor guide"As the goal of university administrative system reform is also in the stage of storming fortifications.

　　一位教授在接受本报记者采访时表示，“大部制”改革后，机关作风虽然有所改变，但教授有时仍面临行政权力的困扰，“比如，到了年底，各个部门发的表填不完。”

A professor in accepting our newspaper reporter to interview said,"The super-ministries"After the reform,Although organ style change,But the professor sometimes still faces problems of administrative power,"Such as,By the end of the,Each department hair table fill not the finish."

　　伴随此次“大部制”改革，山大也在加强二级学院的建设。李建军说，山大选拔了一批优秀干部充实到二级学院，将管理中心向学院下移，也就是向下放权，目前正在进行相关探索。

Along with the"The super-ministries"reform,Shandong also in strengthening the construction of the secondary college.Soloing said,Shandong selection a batch of outstanding cadres added to the secondary college,The management center to college down,Is the downward decentralization,At present is related to explore.

　　李建军透露，强化二级学院依然从制度入手，计划规范学院议事规则，“院长必须在教职工大会上汇报工作，接受大家的监督。”行政和学术分离也在计划之内，“学术交给教授，学术问题通过学院的学术委员会和教授委员会讨论。”

Soloing revealed,Strengthen the secondary institute of still from the system,Plan standard college rules of procedure,"Dean must be in staff meeting report work,Accept the supervision of all."Administrative and academic separation in the plan,"Academic professor,Academic problem through the college academic committee and the committee of professors to discuss."

　　学术委员会是一所学校的核心机构，在学校的学科发展、课程设置、人才培养、教学科研成果评定等一系列事项上，发挥学术评价和决策职能。

Academic committee is a school core mechanism,In the development of the discipline of the school/curriculum/Personnel training/Teaching scientific research evaluation and a series of issues,Play the academic evaluation and decision-making functions.

　　2011年4月，山大进行校学术委员会调整，校长徐显明退出山大新一届校学术委员会，改变了多年来校长担任学术委员会主任委员的传统。为了推动学校行政与学术的分离，身为法学学者的徐显明此举象征意味颇浓。

In April 2011,Shandong school academic committee to adjust,The principal XuXianMing exit shandong the new school academic committee,Changed over the years as chairman of the principal academic committee of traditional.In order to promote school administration and academic separation,As a legal scholar's XuXianMing this symbolic meaning is quite strong.

　　后来，徐显明解释，退出学术委员会，就是希望能给学术更大自由，推动行政权和学术权分离，学术问题“应由最懂得学术规律的人作出学术判断，而校长并不是最佳人选”。

later,XuXianMing explain,Out of the academic committee,Is the hope can give more academic freedom,To promote the administrative power and academic power separation,Academic problem"Should by the most scholarly rules make academic judgment,And the principal is not the best candidate".

　　在2012年的“大部制”改革动员会上，徐显明以电影作比喻，论述校长、院长与教授的关系，他认为三者好比是制片人、导演与演员的关系，他们间的关系是扁平化的，而不是层级制的，“大学里面的主角永远是教师。”

In 2012"The super-ministries"Reform mobilization meeting,XuXianMing film to make parable,Discusses the principal/Dean and professor's relationship,He thinks that the three are like producer/The relationship between the director and the actors,The relationship between them is the flat,Instead of hierarchical,"The inside of the university teachers' leading role is always."

　　李建军说，这两年，山大每次校长办公会都会邀请教授出席，而给教授配备工作室正在逐步进行。

Soloing said,The two years,Every time the headmaster club of shandong university, professor will be invited to attend,And give professor equipped with studio is gradually to.

　　在徐显明的计划中，山大现有的40多个学院将被划分为六七个学部，形成学术组织，全部由学术权威、知名教授组成。在去年的“大部制”改革中，新设置的齐鲁医学部已在这方面迈出第一步。

In XuXianMing plans,Shandong existing more than forty college will be divided into day divisions,Academic organization form,By all the academic authority/Famous professors.At last year's"The super-ministries"reform,New set of qilu medicine already in this respect the first step.

　　谈及“大部制”改革的远期目标，李建军说，山大希望能建立“党委领导、校长负责、教授治学、民主管理、依法治校”的体制，“这个体制一旦实行，我们的高校运转就会很好了。”

about"The super-ministries"Reform forward target,Soloing said,Shandong is to build up"Party committee leadership/The principal responsible for/Research professor/Democratic management/Lawful management"system,"This system if implemented,Our university operation will be very good."

　　在大学里实现真正的学术为尊、教授治教，以致山大成为世界一流的大学，推进了两年多的“大部制”改革只是走完了第一步，尽管这一步迈得不容易，但越往前去，改革将需要更大的决心和勇气。(记者 吉祥)

In the university true academic for honour/Professor guide,So that the shandong to become the world first-class university,Promote the of more than two years"The super-ministries"Reform just covered the first step,Although this step speed up is not easy,But the more go,Reform will need more determination and courage.(Reporter auspicious)