古代官员也是有年终奖的。高级官员的年终奖，一般由朝廷发放，国家财政出钱，有时候甚至是皇帝亲自掏腰包给宠臣发红包。可对于一些地方小官来说，只能另辟蹊径。

The ancient officials also have year-end award.Senior officials of the award,The general issued by the court,National finance pay,Sometimes even the emperor himself dig down to minions us red envelopes.But for some place for small officer,Author only.

攒公文袋 Save document bag

卖废品 Selling waste materials

　　秦、汉、魏晋时期，公文不是写在纸上，而是写在竹简上，一份较长的公文，得用一堆竹简。等到公文写成，从这个部门传达到那个部门，怕竹简丢失，也怕有人篡改，得用口袋装起来，扎紧了，再糊上胶泥，盖上公章。另一个部门收到这个口袋，剥掉胶泥，把竹简倒出来，装竹简的这个口袋就成了废品。那时候装竹简的口袋有皮质的，有丝织的，也有麻布的，都能卖钱。大点儿的部门像负责监察百官的御史台，公文往来最多，攒的口袋也最多，到年底运到市场上卖掉，一个部门的办事员就都有年终奖了。

qin/han/In wei-jin period,Document is not written on paper,But written in the bamboo,A long document,Have to a pile of bamboo.Wait until written document,From this department convey to that department,Fear of loss of bamboo,Also afraid someone manipulation,Have to pocket up,Lashes the,Then paste on cement,Under seal.Another department received the pocket,Strip off cement,Pour out the bamboo,Put the bamboo pocket will become a waste.Then put the pockets of bamboo have cortical,Is the silk,Also have linen,Can money.A bigger department responsible for the YuShiTai as ineffective,Document current the most,Save the most pocket,By the end of the year to sell in the market,A department staff will have the award.

府县小吏 FuXian beadle

去放贷 To lending

　　唐朝和宋朝，都有那么一段时间，允许各“机关单位”向民间放高利贷。高利贷的本金，有朝廷拨付的“本钱”和“公用钱”，也有公务员们自己凑的集资款。放贷的对象，主要是各单位辖区内的商人。获得的利润，国家财政抽小头，衙门留大头，大部分利息都存进了“小金库”，供领导调剂使用，一些钱用来吃喝玩乐，一些钱用来岁尾发年货、发红包。

Practical song dynasty,Have so a period of time,Allows each"Agency unit"To the folk usury.Usurious principal,The government has allocated"capital"and"Public money",Also have servants their JiZiKuan of gather together.Lending object,Mainly is the units within the jurisdiction of businessman.profits,National finance smoke capitellum,Yamen leave the,Most of the interest is put into the"A private coffer",For leadership regulate use,Some money to beer and skittles,Some of the money to the tail and head of the hair often/Us red envelopes.

用公款 Use public funds

做生意 business

　　做什么生意呢？造酒，造醋，投资房地产，贩卖私盐。酒、醋、盐，在大多数朝代都是专卖品，垄断经营，利润惊人。房地产生意，至少从晚唐就开始兴盛，晚唐的军阀、五代十国的将军、宋朝的王爷、明清两代的京官，很多人从事房地产开发。那时候的房产开发还很原始，其主要形式，就是在繁华地段买一块地皮(或者动用职权霸占一块地皮)，然后在上面盖门面房，盖好了，再对外出售或出租。贩卖私盐也好，走私别的违禁品也好，投资房地产也好，赔了，用公款冲账，赚了，自个儿笑纳，再给同僚和下属发点儿红包。

What to do the business?Made wine,Made vinegar,Investment real estate,Selling troduced.wine/vinegar/salt,In most dynasties is monopoly,Monopoly management,Profit amazing.Real estate business,At least from tang began to flourish,The warlords of the tang/The five dynasties ten general/Song dynasty duke/The Ming and qing dynasties JingGuan,A lot of people engaged in real estate development.The real estate development is still very original,The main form,Even in a busy section of buy a piece of land(Or use authority take a piece of land),Then on top cover appearance room,Cover good,For sale or lease again.Troduced or sell,Other contraband or smuggling,Investment in real estate or,Compensate the,Strike a balance with public funds,made,Alone accept,Give colleagues and subordinates to send some red packets.

穷酸官员 Poor and pedantic officials

当裤子 When the pants

　　对于年终奖羡慕嫉妒恨的情绪，自古就有。南宋大诗人陆游说过一句顺口溜：“吏勋封考，笔头不倒；户度金仓，日夜穷忙；礼祠主膳，不识判砚；兵职驾库，典了祓裤。”意思是，吏部是管官员升迁的，户部是管工资发放的，这两个部门，一个管人事，一个管财政，都是要害机关，所以红包多得收不完。而礼部主管文教，没人理会；兵部在太平时节用处不大，也没人理会。所以这两个机关的官吏就没有多少红包，穷得要去当裤子。

For award envy envy hate emotions,The ancient.The great poet lu you said a ShunKouLiu:"Collectors. Sunghun seal test,Not written;Door degree JinCang,Very busy day and night;Rite shrine main board,Know found inkstone;Soldiers coming library as,Book the m le Roy pants."Meaning is,Official department is tube officials of promotion,HuBu is tube of salary,The two departments,A tube personnel,A tube financial,Are the key authority,So red packets to accept not over.And does the culture and education,No one pay attention to;BingBu in peace time use is not big,No one pay attention to.So the two authority officers will not many red packets,Poor have to go when the pants.

翰林 academician

收红包 Receive red envelopes

　　历朝历代的翰林院，一没事权，二没财权，官员们跑关系走路子，很少到这儿来送礼，穷翰林是当定的了。好在皇帝给他们一个收红包的机会，譬如宋朝，朝廷册封某个大官，一般让翰林起草任命书，起草完了，皇帝会命令被册封的那个大官给起草任命书的翰林送谢礼。这谢礼或者几千贯铜钱，或者几百匹丝绸，或者几十匹好马，相当优厚。

The different dynasties academician courtyard,The powers not,No property,Officials running relations go way,Few here to give gifts,Poor academician is when the set.The emperor to give them a chance to receive a red envelope,Such as the song dynasty,Court gave a big officer,General let the academician drafting the appointment letter,Drafted the,The emperor gave commands are the aga to draft appointment letter of the academician send honorarium.The honoraria or thousands of transverse copper cash,Hundreds of horses or silk,Or dozens of good horse,Very good.

　　为了能够利益均沾，每起草一份任命书，翰林们都尽可能集体上，小明负责提纲，小强负责初稿，小胖负责修改，小张负责润色，最后再请小李来誊写。既然大多数任命书都是集体努力的结晶，那么得到的谢礼自然也要集体分配。

In order to be able to participation of interests,Each draw up a appointment letter,The academician are as far as possible on the collective,Xiao Ming is responsible for the outline,Jack Bauer is responsible for the first draft,Xiao pang responsible for correcting,Xiao zhang is responsible for the embellishment,Then please xiao li to write out.Since most of the appointment letter is the crystallization of the collective efforts,So get honoraria nature also to collective distribution.

延伸阅读 readings

汉代开始有年终奖 Han dynasty began to award

　　汉代就已经有了年终奖。像东汉，一入腊月，皇帝就开始给文武百官发年终奖了。发多少？有定例：大将军、三公，每人发钱20万枚(五铢钱，下同)、牛肉200斤、大米200斛；九卿每人发钱10万枚；校尉每人发钱5万枚；尚书每人发钱3万枚；侍中每人发钱2万枚。

Han dynasty had a year-end bonus.As the eastern han dynasty,In the year,The old emperor began to send the award.How much hair?A statute:napoleon/three,Each hair money 200000 pieces(Weight money,Similarly hereinafter)/Beef 200 jins/Rice 200 duhu;Dan 100000 pieces each hair money;To be a captain each hair money 50000 pieces;Each hair money holds more than 30000;The page each hair money 20000 pieces.