食品安全问题是被夸大了吗？ Food safety problems be exaggerated？

打破砂锅 Break sand pot

　　日前，中国工程院院士、中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所研究员陈君石在一次讲座中提出，现在很多媒体报道中的食品安全问题并不符合食品安全的定义，很多质疑与担心也并无科学依据。那么——食品安全问题是被夸大了吗？

a，Academician of Chinese academy of engineering、China disease prevention and control center nutrition and food safety of the ChenJunShi in a lecture put forward，Now many media reports of the food safety problems do not meet the definition of food safety，A lot of questioning and worrying about it and no scientific basis。So-food safety problems be exaggerated？

　　“绝大多数报道中所提及的‘食品安全事件’并不符合食品安全的定义。”陈君石说。根据世界卫生组织的定义，食品安全是指食物中有毒、有害物质对人体健康影响的公共卫生问题。有毒、有害物质是不是会构成食品安全问题，不仅取决于有毒、有害物质毒性强度，还与人体摄入有毒、有害物质的量相关。

“Most mentioned in the report‘Food safety accidents’Does not accord with the definition of food safety。”ChenJunShi said。According to the world health organization's definition，Food safety is the food of poisonous、Harmful to human health effects of material public health problem。toxic、Harmful material it will constitute a food safety problems，Depend not only on the toxic、Toxic harmful material strength，Also with human body intake toxic、The amount of harmful substances related。

　　据陈君石介绍，响当当的北京烤鸭皮中含有对人的致癌物，统称为多环芳烃类。但由于它只在烤鸭皮里存在，烤鸭肉里没有，而且在烤鸭皮里含量很低，人们也不天天吃烤鸭，因此对人体健康没有害处。所以我们并不认为吃北京烤鸭构成食品安全问题，或者说吃北京烤鸭是不安全的。再例如，现在人们常担心食品添加剂摄入超量的问题，但事实上，并没有科学依据。糖精是中国人食用最多的甜味添加剂，风险评估报告表明，即使假设所有允许添加糖精的食品都加糖精并使用最大量，按照全国营养调查数据中这些食品的个人实际消费最大量进行计算，每人每日每公斤体重的糖精摄入量也不超过国际认可的允许摄入量标准。

According to ChenJunShi introduced，The famous Beijing roast duck skin has carcinogens，Collectively referred for ring aromatic hydrocarbon。But because it only exists in the roast duck skin，The roast duck meat to no，And in the roast duck skin content is very low，People also don't eat roast duck every day，So no harm to the health of human body。So we don't think of eating roast Beijing duck constitute food safety problems，Or eat roast Beijing duck is not safe。Again for instance，Now people often worry about excessive intake of food additives，But in fact，There is no scientific basis。Chinese food is saccharin most sweet taste additives，Risk assessment report suggests，Even assuming that all of the food is allowed to add saccharin add saccharin and use the most a lot，According to the national nutrition survey data in real consumption of these food the most personal of to calculate，Per kilogram of body weight per person a day saccharin intake not more than recognized international allow intake standards。

认识误区导致食品安全问题被夸大 Misunderstanding led to food safety issues are exaggerated

　　讲座中，陈君石强调，消费者的一些认识误区，把食品安全问题无形中夸大。例如，消费者将假冒伪劣产品统统认定为不安全的食品，这是不对的。假冒伪劣是不诚信的结果，像三聚氰氨加到牛奶、工业酒精勾兑白酒这种影响健康的事件属极个别，绝大多数假冒伪劣产品并不对消费者健康造成影响。比如标志天然发酵的醋，实际上是用食用醋酸兑制的，这是假冒伪劣，但对消费者健康不构成威胁。由于假冒伪劣的产品数量巨大，将其统统戴上“不安全食品”的帽子，就大大增加了食品安全事件的数量。

lecture，ChenJunShi emphasize，Some misunderstanding of the consumers，Put the food security problem virtually exaggerated。For example，Consumers will fake and inferior products all not considered safe food，This is not right。Fake is not the result of good faith，Like melamine added to milk、Industrial alcohol liquor blending the impact of the health of the extremely individual events，The vast majority of fake and low-quality products does not affect consumers' health。Such as sign of natural fermentation vinegar，In fact is the DuiZhi acetic acid with edible，This is fake，But does not pose a threat to consumer health。Because of the huge number of fake and low-quality products，Its all put on“Unsafe food”hat，Is greatly increased the number of food safety accidents。

　　另一个常见的误区是，消费者认为食品添加剂都是不好的。陈君石说，食品添加剂是现代化食品加工业的灵魂，若所有食品回归天然、无添加，则将看不到琳琅满目、保质期长、口感好的食品。有了食品添加剂，便能满足现代各种人对食品的不同需求。食品添加剂含量很少，人们吃到的主要还是食物本身。

Another common error is，Consumers think food additive is bad。ChenJunShi said，Food additive is modern food processing soul，If all return to natural food、Without adding，Will see dazzling、Long shelf life、Taste good food。A food additive，He can meet all kinds of people in the modern food needs。Food additive content rarely，People eat the food itself is still mainly。

食品安全问题不可避免 Food safety problem cannot be avoided

　　15年前，我国总体食品合格率只有不到60%；中国国家质检总局在2011年11月发布数据显示，中国食品安全监督抽查的合格率在90%以上。可现实中，为什么消费者却感到食品安全问题没有如此乐观？

15 years ago，Our country overall food qualified rate less than 60%；China's state quality inspection administration in November 2011 release data shows，China's food safety supervision inspection qualified rate of more than 90%。In reality,，Why consumers felt food safety problems not so optimistic？

　　陈君石说：“就现阶段来说，食品安全问题在我国仍不可避免。我国食品安全总体情况是好的，但存在的问题也不容忽视。”

ChenJunShi said：“At this stage it is，Food safety problems in our country still is inevitable。The overall situation in China is good food safety，But problems also nots allow to ignore。”

　　以我国食品生产环节为例，我国目前有1亿多的农户，鸡、鸭、鱼、肉、蛋、奶、粮食、蔬菜、水果都是以分散方式生产的，没有规模化、规范化，不可能实现标准化；另外，有约50万个食品生产加工企业，其中绝大部分是10万元以下投资的小型企业，以使用食品添加剂为例，通通不超标是不可能的，要求其细菌总数都合格、都严格遵循卫生操作规程也是不现实的。因此，就现阶段来说，食品安全问题在我国仍不可避免。

By our country's food production links for example，China now has more than 100 million farmers，chicken、duck、fish、meat、eggs、milk、food、vegetables、Fruits are way of scattered production，No large-scale、standardization，Not possible to achieve standardization；In addition，About 500000 food production and processing enterprises，The vast majority of which is 100000 yuan of the following the small business investment，To use of food additives for example，All not to exceed bid is impossible，The bacteria are qualified requirements、Strictly follow health operating rules is not realistic。so，At this stage it is，Food safety problems in our country still is inevitable。

解决食品安全问题没有灵丹妙药 Solve the food safety problems no no panacea

　　“解决食品安全问题没有灵丹妙药，预防、应对任何食品安全问题，一定要遵循风险分析的框架。”陈君石指出，“风险分析框架是联合国有关食品安全机构、各国政府以及全世界科学家达成共识的食品安全应对原则，由风险评估、风险管理和风险交流三部分组成。”

“Solve the food safety problems no no panacea，prevention、Deal with any food safety problems，We must adhere to risk analysis framework。”ChenJunShi points out that，“Risk analysis framework is the United Nations about food safety agency、Governments and scientists around the world the consensus to food safety principles，The risk assessment、Risk management and risk communication of three parts。”

　　风险交流阶段涉及面最广，也直接影响食品安全应对效果。

Risk communication stage involve most widely，And also affect food safety to effect。

　　例如，2006年“红心鸭蛋”事件发生后，科研人员进行独立风险评估，结果表明，苏丹红是一种工业染料，不应添加至动物饲料，但由于鸭蛋中的含量很低，只在蛋黄中有，只有在每天食用1000个含有苏丹红的红心鸭蛋，长期吃下去的情况下，才有可能对人体健康造成危害。

For example，2006 years“Red hearts duck eggs”After the incident，Researchers independent risk assessment，The results show that，Sudan red is a kind of industrial dye，Should not be added to animal feed，But because of the egg content is very low，Only in the egg yolk，Only in the daily consumption of 1000 contain Sudan red hearts of eggs，Go on eating long-term，Could cause harm to human body health。

　　当时，政府很快禁止了在鸭饲料里添加苏丹红，并将已添加苏丹红的鸭蛋马上下架、取缔、销毁，并通过媒体告诉公众市场上已见不到红心鸭蛋。

At that time，Government quickly banned in duck feed to add Sudan red，And will have to add Sudan red eggs off the shelves at once、Clamp down on、destroyed，And through the media to tell the public market already see red hearts the eggs。

　　“但当时没有一个政府部门把政府的措施和科学家的风险评估结论告诉消费者，以致媒体对该事件炒作长达6周，造成了消费者谈红色变。”陈君石说，“政府部门应当明明白白告诉消费者，现在市场已经没有红心鸭蛋了，假如有人在前段时间曾经买过、吃过红心鸭蛋也不必担心。”

“But didn't have a government department of the government measures and scientists risk assessment conclusion tell consumers，So that the media hype for the event for six weeks，Caused the consumers about red change。”ChenJunShi said，“Government departments shall clearly tell consumers，Now the market has no red hearts duck eggs，If someone in the paragraph time ever bought、Eat red hearts duck eggs also don't have to worry about。”

消费者要学会自我保护 Consumers want to learn to self-protection

　　作为一名普通的消费者，无法识别食品是否安全怎么办？

As an ordinary consumers，Unable to identify whether food safety？

　　陈君石认为，除了消费者需要了解的背景和知识之外，确实要学会一些自我保护措施。首先，注意食物多样化，比如担心韭菜农药残留多，那就不要天天吃，可以两周吃一次，十天吃一次，无形中化解了风险。不可能说今天吃韭菜有农药残留，明天吃白菜还有同样多的农药残留，因为现实中没有那么多农药残留超标的蔬菜。

ChenJunShi think，In addition to consumers need to understand the background knowledge and beyond，Really want to learn some protective measures。first，Pay attention to food diversification，Such as worry leek pesticide residue，Then don't eat every day，Can two weeks for a time，Ten days to eat a，Virtually dissolved the risk。Can't say today of pesticide residues have eat Chinese chives，Eat cabbage and tomorrow as same as the pesticide residue，Because in reality without so much pesticide residue exceeds the vegetables。

　　其次，建议去大超市、购买名牌产品。不是说不能去农贸市场，农贸市场的风险比大超市大一点，但也没有大到不可接受的程度。如果觉得去农贸市场很享受，食品比大超市新鲜，可以讨价还价，也可以偶尔去享受一下。

second，Advice to big supermarket、Buy brand products。Not to say that can't go to a farmers' market，The risk of a farmers' market than the big supermarket a bit bigger，But it also isn't big enough to not acceptable level。If feel to go to farmers markets enjoyed，Food than the big supermarket fresh，Can be bargained，Also can occasionally go to enjoy it。

　　最后，掌握一些必要的食品安全常识。在水龙头下小水流用手洗蔬果，用这种机械的办法可以去掉表面上绝大部分农药残留，尽管有一小部分进去了，还会在烹调加热中破坏。另外要预防食源性疾病，比如生熟分开、放冰箱的食物拿出来吃一定要重新彻底加热。(记者 王冠)

finally，Master some necessary food safety knowledge。In the small water to wash fruits and vegetables，Use this mechanical method can be removed from most of the pesticide residue on the surface，Although a small part in，Will be in the cooking of the damage to the heating。In addition to prevent foodborne illness，Such as raw cooked apart、Put the food out to eat must thoroughly heating。(Reporter crown)