中新网9月12日电 卫生部今日在其官方网站公布《中国出生缺陷防治报告(2012)》问答。问答指出，出生缺陷不但是造成儿童残疾的重要原因，也日渐成为儿童死亡的主要原因，在全国婴儿死因中的构成比顺位由2000年的第4位上升至2011年的第2位，达到19.1%。以下是答问全文：

Beijing on September 12 - the ministry of health today in its official website[China's birth defects prevention report(2012)]Question and answer.Pointed out question and answer,Birth defects not only cause the child to the important reason for the disabled,Also has become the leading cause of death in children,The cause of death in the national baby the constituent ratio sequence by 2000 the fourth rose to 2011 years of the second,Up to 19.1%.The following is the full text quiz:

　　

1. 编写发布《中国出生缺陷防治报告(2012)》的背景和目的是什么？ 1. Write release[China's birth defects prevention report(2012)]The background and purpose of is what?

　　妇女儿童的健康是人类可持续发展的前提和基础，妇幼卫生事业关系到千家万户的幸福安康。我国是出生缺陷高发国家，出生缺陷日益成为突出的公共卫生问题和社会问题。出生缺陷不仅影响儿童的生命健康和生活质量，而且影响整个国家人口素质和人力资源的健康存量，影响经济社会的健康可持续发展。在党和政府的领导下，卫生部门为推进出生缺陷防治工作做出了不懈努力，取得了许多宝贵的经验和成效。我们编写发布《中国出生缺陷防治报告(2012)》，旨在全面反映我国出生缺陷防治工作状况，引导社会各界和国际社会更加关注妇女儿童健康，营造有利于出生缺陷防治的良好氛围和支持环境。同时，也希望广大医药卫生工作者，特别是妇幼卫生工作者以科学发展观为指导，创新工作思路，抓住深化医改的重大机遇，全面落实出生缺陷三级预防措施，提高出生人口素质，促进家庭幸福和经济社会发展作出更大的贡献。

Women and children's health is the premise of sustainable development of human beings and foundation,Maternal and child health business related to the thousands of happiness and good health.China is a country with a high incidence of birth deficiencies,Birth defect is increasingly becoming prominent public health problem and social problem.Birth defects affect not only the life and health of children and the quality of life,But also influences the whole country population quality and human resources health stock,Influence of economic and social sustainable development.In the party and the government under the leadership of,Department of health for the promotion of birth defects prevention and control work has made the unremitting efforts,Made a lot of valuable experience and effectiveness.We write our release[China's birth defects prevention report(2012)],Aims to reflect our country birth defects control working condition,Guide the social from all walks of life and the international community pay more attention to the women and children health,Build is beneficial to the prevention and control of birth defects good atmosphere and support environment.At the same time,Also hope that the majority of medical health workers,Especially maternal and child health workers with scientific development concept as the guideline,Innovation concept,Seize the deepening reform of the great opportunities,The full implementation of birth defects tertiary prevention measures,Improve the quality of the population was born,Family happiness and promote economic and social development to make greater contribution.

　　

2. 什么是出生缺陷？ 2. What is the birth defects?

　　出生缺陷是指婴儿出生前发生的身体结构、功能或代谢异常。出生缺陷可由染色体畸变、基因突变等遗传因素或环境因素引起，也可由这两种因素交互作用或其他不明原因所致，通常包括先天畸形、染色体异常、遗传代谢性疾病、功能异常如盲、聋和智力障碍等。

Birth defect is to point to to birth occurred body structure/Function or metabolic abnormalities.Birth defects can be made of chromosome aberration/Gene mutation and genetic factors and environmental factors,Can also be made by these two factors interaction or other caused by unknown reason,Usually include congenital malformation/Chromosome abnormality/Genetic metabolic disease/Dysfunction such as blind/Deafness and mental retardation, etc.

　　

3.我国的出生缺陷发生现况和变化趋势如何？在国际上处于什么样的水平？ 3. Our birth defects occur status and changing trend?In the world at what level?

　　我国是人口大国，也是出生缺陷高发国家。要了解一个国家出生缺陷发生总体状况，一般通过监测主要出生缺陷的发生率及其动态变化趋势，并结合相关调查资料来估算出生缺陷的总体发生水平。据估计，我国出生缺陷总发生率约为5.6%，以全国年出生数1600万计算，每年新增出生缺陷约90万例，其中出生时临床明显可见的出生缺陷约25万例。根据世界卫生组织估计，全球低收入国家的出生缺陷发生率为6.42%，中等收入国家为5.57%，高收入国家为4.72%。我国出生缺陷发生率与世界中等收入国家的平均水平接近，但由于人口基数大，每年新增出生缺陷病例总数庞大。

China is the most populous country in the world,Is a high incidence of birth deficiencies countries.To understand a national birth defects occur overall situation,Usually by monitoring the incidence of major birth defects and its dynamic change trend,And combined with the relative investigation data to estimate the overall level of birth defects occurred.It is estimated that,The total incidence of birth defects in our country is about 5.6%,The number 16 million born in calculation,Each year about 900000 new birth defects,Which were born clinical the obvious birth defects about 250000 cases.According to the world health organization estimates,Global low-income countries of birth defect rate of 6.42%,Middle-income countries is 5.57%,High income countries is 4.72%.Our country the incidence of birth defects with the world average level of middle-income countries close to,But due to the large population base,New Year birth defects cases huge total.

　　我国于1986年建立了以医院为基础的出生缺陷监测系统，监测期为孕满28周至出生后7天，重点监测围产儿中23类常见的结构畸形、染色体异常及少部分遗传代谢性疾病。该系统获得的围产期出生缺陷发生率主要反映了出生时临床明显可辨认的出生缺陷的发生水平，在一定程度上受到诊断水平、监测期等因素的影响。全国出生缺陷监测数据表明，我国围产期出生缺陷总发生率呈上升趋势，由2000年的109.79/万上升到2011年的153.23/万。

Our country in 1986 established the hospital-based birth defects monitoring system,Monitoring period for pregnant full 28 weeks to 7 days after birth,Key monitoring circumference births and kind of common structure deformity/Chromosome abnormality and a few genetic metabolic disease.The system obtained incidence of perinatal birth defects mainly reflects the birth clinical obviously recognizable birth defects happen level,In a certain extent by the diagnostic level/The influence of the factors such as the monitoring period.The national birth defects monitoring data show that,The total incidence of perinatal birth defects in our country shows ascendant trend,From 2000 years of 109.79 per rose to 153.23 in 2011 per.

　　

4.我国主要有哪些出生缺陷病种？发生情况如何？ 4. What are the main diseases birth defects?Happening situation how to?

　　出生缺陷病种繁多，目前已知的至少有8000-10000种，先天性心脏病、多指(趾)、唇裂伴或不伴腭裂、神经管缺陷、先天性脑积水等10类疾病是我国围产儿前10位的高发畸形。

Birth defects various diseases,At present known at least 8000-10000,Congenital heart disease/Many refers to(toe)/Cleft lip with or not with cleft palate/Neural tube defects/Congenital hydrocephalus, and other 10 diseases is our country perinatal infants dead before ten high-risk deformity.

　　近10年来，随着出生缺陷防治工作力度进一步加强，部分对干预措施敏感的致死和严重致残出生缺陷发生率逐步下降；同时，由于医疗机构对内脏畸形等出生缺陷的诊断能力逐步提高，先天性心脏病等部分出生缺陷的围产期发现率上升。2011年全国先天性心脏病发生率为2000年的3.56倍，城市为4.41倍，农村为2.97倍。

Nearly 10 years,Along with the birth defects prevention and control work to further strengthen efforts,Part of the intervention measures sensitive to death and severe disability birth defect rate decline gradually;At the same time,Due to a medical institution for visceral malformations birth defects diagnosis ability gradually improve,Congenital heart disease and other part of perinatal birth defects detection rate rise.In 2011 the congenital heart disease incidence rate is 3.56 times that of 2000,The city is 4.41 times,Rural is 2.97 times.

　　全国围产期神经管缺陷发生率由1987年的第1位(27.4/万)下降到2011年的第8位，为4.50/万；2000-2011年期间，下降幅度达62.4%；其中，农村下降幅度达到72.8%，城市下降幅度达64.5%。

The incidence of perinatal neural tube defects from 1987 in the first position(27.4 per)Descend to 2011 years of eight,For 4.50 per;During 2000-2011,The decline range 62.4%;the,Rural the decline range 72.8%,City the decline range 64.5%.

　　全国围产期肢体短缩畸形发生率由2000年的5.81/万降至2011年的4.09/万，下降了29.6%，其中城市降幅达35.5%，农村降幅为27.6%。

The national perinatal body abbreviated deformity rate from 2000 to 5.81 per drop in 2011 to 4.09 per,Dropped 29.6%,The number of urban drop of 35.5%,Rural decreased by 27.6%.

　　一些严重的出生缺陷由于危害性大，干预措施明确，受到广泛关注和高度重视。2008-2010年全国先天性听力障碍发生率分别为19.9/万、21.5/万和21.9/万。2009-2011年全国苯丙酮尿症发生率分别为0.73/万、0.76/万和0.72/万。先天性甲状腺功能低下症发生率分别为4.90/万、4.63/万和4.75/万。此外，地中海贫血在广西、海南、云南、广东、贵州等南方省份高发，其人群基因携带率在广西、海南、云南达20%以上。

Some serious birth defects due to the great harmfulness,Intervention measures clear,By broad attention and high recognition.The 2008-2010 national of congenital hearing impairment incidence were 19.9 per/21.5 / and 21.9 per.The 2009-2011 national phenylketonuria disease incidence were 0.73 per/0.76 / and 0.72 per.The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism were 4.90 per/4.63 / and 4.75 per.In addition,Mediterranean anemia in guangxi/hainan/yunnan/guangdong/Guizhou southern province of high-risk,The crowd gene carrying rate in guangxi/hainan/Yunnan of more than 20%.

　　

5.出生缺陷对健康和经济社会发展有哪些影响？ 5. Birth defects to health and economic and social development have what effect?

　　随着我国社会经济的快速发展和医疗服务水平的提高，婴儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童死亡率持续下降，危害儿童健康的传染性疾病逐步得到有效控制，出生缺陷问题开始凸显，逐渐成为影响儿童健康和出生人口素质的重大公共卫生问题。出生缺陷不但是造成儿童残疾的重要原因，也日渐成为儿童死亡的主要原因，在全国婴儿死因中的构成比顺位由2000年的第4位上升至2011年的第2位，达到19.1%。同时，出生缺陷还加重了因治疗、残疾或死亡导致的疾病负担，根据2003年的资料测算，我国每年因神经管缺陷造成的直接经济损失超过2亿元，每年新出生的唐氏综合征生命周期的总经济负担超过100亿元，新发先天性心脏病生命周期的总经济负担超过126亿元。在社会保障水平总体偏低的情况下，出生缺陷导致的因病返贫、因病致贫现象在中西部贫困地区尤为突出。出生缺陷不但严重影响儿童的生命和生活质量，给家庭带来沉重的精神和经济负担，而且也是导致我国人口潜在寿命损失的重要原因。

Along with our country social economy rapid development and raise the level of medical services,Infant mortality rate and mortality of children under five years old is declining,Harm children's health infectious disease gradually get effective control,Birth defects problem began to highlight,Gradually become influence on children's health and birth population quality of the major public health problem.Birth defects not only cause the child to the important reason for the disabled,Also has become the leading cause of death in children,The cause of death in the national baby the constituent ratio sequence by 2000 the fourth rose to 2011 years of the second,Up to 19.1%.At the same time,Birth defects also increased by treatment/Disability or death cause of disease burden,According to the 2003 material estimates,Every year in China because of neural tube defects caused by the direct economic losses of more than 200 million yuan,Every year a new born down's syndrome in the life cycle of total economic burden more than 10 billion yuan,New cases of congenital heart disease in the life cycle of total economic burden more than 12.6 billion yuan.In the social security general under the condition of low level,The birth defects lead to poverty due to illness/Become financially-difficult phenomenon in the central and western poverty-stricken areas is particularly prominent.Birth defects not only the serious influence children's life and the quality of life,To the family brings heavy spirit and economic burden,But also lead to China's population of potential life lost an important reason.

　　

6.我国政府在出生缺陷防治中采取的主要措施？成效如何？ 6. Our government in birth defects in the prevention and control of major measures taken?How effective?

　　我国政府高度重视出生缺陷防治工作，制定实施了母婴保健法及其实施办法，分阶段颁发了《中国妇女发展纲要》和《中国儿童发展纲要》，卫生部先后印发了出生缺陷防治相关法规和技术规范，使出生缺陷防治不但做到了有法可依。2012年，印发了《卫生部贯彻2011-2020年中国妇女儿童发展纲要实施方案》将加强出生缺陷防治作为重要内容，明确了相关任务目标。经过多年努力，我国逐渐形成了政府主导、部门合作、社会参与的出生缺陷防治工作格局，初步建立了包括妇幼保健机构、综合医院、妇女儿童专科医院、基层医疗卫生机构、相关科研院所等在内的出生缺陷综合防治体系。同时，不断加强出生缺陷三级预防措施，加大相关科研力度，提高监测水平，使出生缺陷防治工作取得了明显成效。

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the prevention and control of birth defects,The implementation of the law on maternal and infant health care and the implementation methods,Points awarded the stage[Program for Chinese women's development]and[The program for the development of Chinese children],Issued by the ministry of health has the birth defects prevention related regulations and technical specifications,Make the prevention and control of birth defects not only did it work.In 2012,,Was issued by the[The ministry of health to carry out 2011-2020 China women and children development plan outline]Will strengthen the prevention and control of birth defects as an important content,Has been clear about the related task goal.After many years of hard work,Our country gradually formed the government leading/Department cooperation/Society participation of birth defect prevention and control pattern,Preliminary established including maternity and child care institutions/General hospital/College women and children hospital/Basic medical and health institutions/Relevant research institutes, birth defects comprehensive prevention and control system.At the same time,Continuously strengthen birth defects tertiary prevention measures,Increase relevant research efforts,Improve monitoring level,Make the prevention and control of birth defects obtained prominent achievements.

　　

7.深化医改中加强出生缺陷防治的措施有哪些？ 7. To deepen reform, strengthen the prevention and control of birth defects in what measures?

　　深化医改启动以来，国家加大了对出生缺陷防治的经费投入，全面推进出生缺陷防治工作。

Deepening reform, since the launch,Countries to increase the funds investment of the prevention and control of birth defects,Comprehensively promote the prevention and control of birth defects.

　　一是增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷取得明显成效。2009-2011年中央财政投入3.2亿元，在全国农村地区实施增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷项目，有2356万名农村育龄妇女免费服用了叶酸。项目的实施提高了育龄妇女对叶酸的认识和服用率；明显改善了育龄妇女增补叶酸的认知、态度和行为；神经管缺陷发生率明显下降，2011年全国神经管缺陷发生率为4.5/万，较2000年下降了62.3%，其中农村下降幅度达到72.7%。

One is the supplementary folic acid to prevent neural tube defects have made notable achievements.2009-2011 the central financial investment 320 million yuan,In the national rural areas implementation supplementary folic acid to prevent neural tube defects project,There are 23.56 million rural women of child-bearing age free taking folic acid.The implementation of the project to improve the women of child-bearing age to the understanding of folic acid YongLv kimono;Can significantly improve the women of child-bearing age supplementary folic acid cognitive/Attitude and behavior;Neural tube defect rate declined obviously,In 2011 the neural tube defect rate was 4.5 per,A has decreased by 62.3% since 2000,The rural the decline range 72.7%.

　　二是农村孕产妇住院分娩补助广泛实施。自2009年起，将农村地区孕产妇住院分娩补助范围扩大到全国。2009-2011年期间，中央共投入专项经费68亿元，为2600多万农村孕产妇提供了住院分娩补助，提高了农村住院分娩率，有力地保障了母婴安全，降低了孕产妇死亡率和婴儿死亡率，增强了农村妇女对孕产期保健、出生缺陷干预措施的认识，提高了出生缺陷防治服务的覆盖率和利用率。

The second is the rural maternal hospital childbirth subsidy widely implement.Since 2009,The rural areas maternal hospital childbirth subsidy expanded to the national.During 2009-2011,The central has invested 6.8 billion yuan special funds,For more than 2600 rural maternal provides hospital childbirth subsidy,Improve the rural hospital childbirth,Forcefully secures the maternal and child safety,Reduce the maternal mortality and infant mortality,To enhance the rural women health care for pregnant period/The understanding of the birth defects intervention measures,Improve the birth defects prevention service coverage rate and utilization rate.

　　三是出生缺陷患儿医疗保障水平不断提高。 2010年6月，卫生部、民政部联合印发了《关于开展提高农村儿童重大疾病医疗保障水平试点工作的意见》，从农村儿童先心病、白血病等起步，开展了提高农村居民重大疾病医疗保障水平试点工作。据统计，截至2011年底，全国共救治先天性心脏病患儿26536名，实际补偿比达到78%。自2012年开始，新农合逐步将血友病、唇腭裂等纳入重大疾病保障试点范围。

The third is birth defects with medical security level enhances unceasingly. In June 2010,The ministry of health/The ministry of civil affairs jointly issued by the[To improve rural children about to carry out major disease medical security level of trial work opinion],From the countryside children congenital heart disease/Leukemia and start,Improve the rural residents to carry out major disease medical security level of trial work.According to the statistics,By the end of 2011,The treatment of congenital heart disease children were 26536,The actual compensation ratio reached 78%.Since 2012,New farmers close gradually will hemophilia/Cleft lip and palate, etc into major disease security pilot range.

　　四是新增出生缺陷防治项目相继启动。2012年，针对广西、海南、云南等地区地中海贫血高发情况，卫生部启动实施了地中海贫血防控试点项目，大力推广孕前筛查、产前诊断等地中海贫血综合防控措施，努力降低重型地中海贫血儿出生率。启动了西部农村地区新生儿疾病筛查补助项目，在新疆、云南等地实施新生儿疾病筛查补助，促进新生儿遗传代谢性疾病的早诊早治。

The fourth is new birth defects prevention programs have start.In 2012,,In guangxi/hainan/Yunnan and other regions Mediterranean anemia high-risk situation,The ministry of health start implementing the Mediterranean anemia prevention and control pilot project,Promoting pregnant screening/Prenatal diagnosis, as well as the Mediterranean anemia comprehensive prevention and control measures,Work hard to reduce heavy Mediterranean anemia son birth rate.Launched the western rural areas neonatal illness screening subsidy project,In xinjiang/Yunnan implementation neonatal illness screening subsidies,Promote the neonatal genetic metabolic disease treated early early.

　　

8.我国出生缺陷防治工作还面临哪些困难和挑战？ 8. Our country birth defects prevention and control work also what difficulties and challenges?

　　经过数十年的不懈努力与探索实践，中国出生缺陷防治工作取得了积极进展和成效。但是，也应清醒地看到，我国出生缺陷防治工作仍然面临严峻挑战。一是我国人口基数大，出生缺陷患儿绝对数量多，地中海贫血等地方性出生缺陷病种高发；影响出生缺陷的环境和社会因素增多，育龄妇女环境有害物质暴露增加；高龄产妇比例逐年上升；艾滋病和梅毒等感染性疾病依然严重威胁着妊娠安全。二是出生缺陷病种多、病因复杂，且多数病因不明，缺乏特异性的干预技术和措施；同时，受经济条件、医疗水平、地理环境、传统文化、健康知识普及程度等因素的影响，一些有效的干预措施尚未得到应用和普及。三是出生缺陷防治地区间发展不平衡，中西部地区的出生缺陷防治工作明显落后于东部地区，防治体系不健全，综合防治能力不足。2011年东部地区的新生儿遗传代谢性疾病筛查率是西部地区的2倍以上，新生儿听力筛查率是西部的近5倍。四是出生缺陷综合防治能力亟待加强。出生缺陷防治网络尚不完善，婚前医学检查率低，产前筛查、新生儿疾病筛查等尚未全面开展；出生缺陷防治专业人才队伍建设、学科建设和科学研究亟需加强；出生缺陷患儿医疗保障制度有待进一步完善。

After decades of unremitting efforts and exploration practice,China's birth defects prevention and control work has made positive progress and effectiveness.but,Also should see clearly,The prevention and control of birth defects in our country is still faced with daunting challenges.A is China's big population base,Children with birth defects than absolute quantity,Mediterranean anemia endemic diseases with a high incidence of birth defects;Influence birth defects of the environment and the social factors increase,Women of child-bearing age environment harmful material increased exposure;Maternal age proportion is rising year by year;Such as AIDS and syphilis infectious diseases is still a serious threat to the safety of pregnancy.The second is birth defects more diseases/Cause complex,And most of the unknown etiology,The lack of specific intervention techniques and measures;At the same time,Is influenced by economic conditions,/Medical level/Geographical environment/Traditional culture/Health knowledge of the factors such as popularity,Some effective intervention measures has not been application and popularization.The third is birth defects prevention unbalanced development,The Midwest of birth defect prevention and control work obviously behind the eastern region,Prevention and control system is not sound,The shortage of the capacity of comprehensive prevention and control.In 2011, the eastern region of the neonatal genetic metabolic disease screening rate is the western region of more than two times,Newborn hearing screening rate is western nearly 5 times.The fourth is birth defects comprehensive prevention and control ability to be strengthened.Birth defects prevention network is still not perfect,The pre-marital medical examination rate is low,Prenatal screening/Neonatal diseases such as screening has not yet been in an all-round way;The prevention and control of birth defects and specialized talented person troop construction/Discipline construction and scientific research should strengthen;Children with birth defects of medical security system should be further improved.

　　

9.我国加强出生缺陷防治的主要策略是什么？ 9. Our country to strengthen the prevention and control of birth defects of the main strategy is what?

　　加强出生缺陷综合防治，是提高国家人口素质、建设人力资源强国的重要战略任务，是政府义不容辞的责任。我们将深入贯彻落实《母婴保健法》和中国妇女儿童发展纲要等法律法规和政策措施，加强出生缺陷综合防治体系建设，提高防治服务能力；完善政府主导、部门合作、社会参与的工作机制；加强分类指导，把工作重点放到出生缺陷高发地区和高危人群，全面推进出生缺陷综合防治。

Strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control of birth defects,Is to improve the quality of the country's population/The construction of the country with great manpower resources is an important strategic task,Is the duty of the government.We will fully implement the[Maternal and infant health care]And the program for the development of Chinese women and children and other laws and regulations and policies and measures,Strengthen birth defects comprehensive prevention and control system,Prevention and control to improve service capability;Perfect the government leading/Department cooperation/Social participation in the work mechanism;Strengthen classified guidance,The focus of our work in a high incidence of birth deficiencies region and the high risk population,Comprehensively promote birth defects comprehensive prevention and control.

　　一是强化政府责任。建立政府主导、部门协作、社会参与的出生缺陷防治工作机制。加强政府领导，密切部门协作，加大投入力度，加强出生缺陷防治经费保障。继续实施免费增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷等有效措施。逐步将出生缺陷患儿的治疗和康复纳入基本医疗保障。鼓励和支持社会力量参与出生缺陷防治，动员各方面资源和力量，共同推进出生缺陷防治工作。

One is to strengthen the government's responsibility.Establish the government leading/departments/Society participation of birth defect prevention and control work mechanism.Strengthening the government leadership,Close departments,Put more efforts,To strengthen the prevention and control of funds to guarantee the birth defects.Continue to carry out free supplement folic acid to prevent neural tube defects effective measures.Children will gradually birth defects of the treatment and rehabilitation into the basic medical insurance.To encourage and support social forces to participate in the prevention and control of birth defects,Mobilize all sectors of the resource and power,Promote the prevention and control of birth defects.

　　二是加强出生缺陷综合防治体系建设。进一步完善出生缺陷综合防治体系，加强出生缺陷防治机构建设，健全出生缺陷综合防治服务网络。加强培训基地和重点学科的建设，开展业务培训和专业人才培养，促进产前筛查、新生儿疾病筛查等干预措施的广泛开展，不断提高医疗保健机构出生缺陷防治服务能力和水平。开展出生缺陷防治对口支援工作，不断提高西部地区出生缺陷综合防治能力。

The second is to strengthen the construction of birth defects comprehensive prevention and control system.To further improve birth defects comprehensive prevention and control system,Strengthen birth defects prevention mechanism construction,Perfect birth defects comprehensive prevention and control service network.Strengthen the training base and key discipline construction,Carry out professional training and professional talent training,Promote prenatal screening/Neonatal diseases such as screening of intervention measures extensively,Continuously improve the medical and health institutions birth defects prevention service ability and the level.To carry out the prevention and control of birth defects of support work,Continuously improve the western region birth defects comprehensive prevention and control ability.

　　三是落实出生缺陷综合防治措施。推行一级防治措施，减少出生缺陷的发生。广泛开展健康教育，婚前医学检查，婚前保健和咨询指导，孕前咨询和孕前、孕早期医疗保健服务，加强女职工劳动保护。落实二级防治措施，提高孕期严重出生缺陷发现率，提高产前筛查服务覆盖率和产前诊断水平。加强三级防治措施，减少先天残疾的发生。推进新生儿疾病筛查，健全筛查网络，提高新生儿筛查率，加强确诊病例的治疗和干预，提高确诊病例治疗率。

Third, implement the birth defects comprehensive prevention and control measures.Implementation of the level of prevention and control measures,To reduce the occurrence of birth defects.Carrying out health education,Pre-marital medical examination,Premarital care and consulting guidance,Pregnant consultation and pregnant/Early stages of pregnancy medical and health services,Strengthen labor protection of female workers.Implementation secondary prevention and control measures,Improve pregnancy serious birth defects found rate,Improve prenatal screening service coverage and prenatal diagnosis level.Strengthen the tertiary prevention and control measures,To reduce the occurrence of congenital blemish.Propulsion neonatal illness screening,Sound screening network,Improve neonatal screening rate,Strengthen the confirmed cases and intervention treatment,Improve the confirmed cases therapy.

　　四是加强出生缺陷监测与研究。加强出生缺陷监测网络建设，提高监测水平，保证监测信息的及时性和准确性。开展出生缺陷流行病学研究，了解出生缺陷发生现况、影响因素和变化趋势，为出生缺陷防治提供科学依据。开展出生缺陷预防控制和早期筛查、诊断、治疗、康复的防治技术研究，促进科技成果和成熟技术的转化应用。加强相关政策研究，探索将出生缺陷防治纳入基本公共卫生服务和医疗保障制度的长效机制。

The fourth is to strengthen the birth defects monitoring and research.Strengthen birth defects monitoring network construction,Improve monitoring level,Ensure that monitoring the timeliness and accuracy.Birth defects in epidemiological studies,To understand current birth defects occur/Influence factors and changing trend,To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of birth defects.Carry out birth defects prevention and control and early screening/diagnosis/treatment/Rehabilitation of the prevention and control technology research,Promotion of scientific and technological achievements and mature technology transformation and application.To strengthen the related policy research,To explore the prevention and control of birth defects in basic public health services and medical security system in the long-term mechanism.