新疆申请筹建人类精子库缓解精源匮乏 现状业内人士警示 Xinjiang apply for the preparation of human sperm bank ease fine source shortage situation the personage inside course of study warning

捐精伦理风险还应立法防范 Donate sperm ethical risk should also prevent legislation

　　近期，“捐精”话题被炒得沸沸扬扬，一些媒体更是曝出地下“捐精黑市”的泛滥。记者近日在新疆采访时发现，在新疆，随着需要精源患者的增多，新疆佳音医院和新疆医科大学第一附属医院都已申请建立“人类精子库”，但新疆维吾尔自治区卫生厅表示：建库有点难。有法律界人士则指出，捐精遭遇伦理风险，亟待法律规范。

recent,"Donate sperm"The topic is speculation an uproar,Some media exposure is out of the underground"Donate sperm black market"The spread of.Recently, reporters found in xinjiang interview,In xinjiang,With the increase of patients need fine source,Xinjiang evangel hospitals and xinjiang medical university first affiliated hospital have apply to establish"Human sperm bank",But the xinjiang uygur autonomous region health department said:Build library a little difficult.Have pointed out that the legal professionals,Donate sperm encounters ethical risk,To be legal norm.

等待精源需排队一年 Waiting for fine source need to line up a year

　　32岁的王平(化名)已结婚5年，5年来，她和丈夫一直在为“爱情结晶”努力，看医生、求签、找土方……能想到的方法，他们都试了，但每次均失望而归。去年，一名医生告诉王平，她没有孩子的真正原因是其丈夫患了无精子症，只有依靠供精辅助生育技术，王平才能顺利受孕。

32 years old wang ping(alias)Have been married for five years,Five years,She and her husband has been for"Love crystallization"efforts,See a doctor/Been swamped with/Find earth...Can think method,They all tried,But every time all disappointment.Last year,A doctor told wang ping,She had no children was the real reason for the husband who is suffering from disease without sperm,Only rely on for fine assisted reproductie technologies,Wang ping to smooth conception.

　　然而，王平夫妇跑遍了新疆各大医院，得到的结果却是：新疆没有精子库。若从内地获得国家认可的精子库购买精子，则需要等待1年，这对求子若渴的王平夫妇来说太过漫长。

however,Wang ping couple went around xinjiang each big hospital,The result obtained is:Xinjiang no sperm bank.If from mainland China obtained the approval of the sperm bank purchase sperm,It needs to wait for 1 year,The wanted if thirsty wang ping couples too long.

　　据悉，上述所说的“国家认可”是指获得“人类辅助生育技术准入资格”的医疗机构，新疆获此资格的医疗机构有两家：新疆医科大学第一附属医院和新疆佳音医院。每年约有100名需要精源的患者到新疆医科大学第一附属医院就诊。截至目前，新疆佳音医院等待精源的患者也有30多人，等待期限最久的已达1年。

It is reported,The above said"National recognition"Refers to get"Human assisted reproductive technology access qualifications"Medical institutions,Xinjiang to receive the qualification of medical institutions have two:Xinjiang medical university first affiliated hospital and xinjiang evangel hospital.Each year about 100 people need fine source of the patients to xinjiang medical university first affiliated hospital.So far,Xinjiang evangel hospital waiting for fine source of patients also have more than 30 people,Waiting for the longest time limit has reached 1 year.

　　王平告诉记者，她和丈夫曾在网上一个“借种生子吧”内找到了一个愿意免费捐献精液的乌鲁木齐人。但是，几次聊天之后，夫妇俩觉得对方不可靠，遂放弃。

Wang ping told reporters,She and her husband had a on the Internet"Borrow a son, a"Found in a willing to free donated sperm urumqi people.but,Several times after the chat,The couple feel each other not reliable,And give up.

　　9月24日，王平夫妇决定在上述两家医院登记，排队等待精源。

On September 24,Wang ping couple decided to in the above two hospitals registration,Waiting for fine source.

建精子库可解精源匮乏 Build sperm bank solvable fine source shortage

　　面对患者多而精源匮乏的现状，新疆佳音医院人类精子库筹建处医生陈晓明表示，新疆亟须建立精子库。

In the face of the patient and the present situation of the pure source shortage,Xinjiang evangel hospital human sperm bank ChenXiaoMing what the doctor said,Xinjiang it is urgent to establish sperm bank.

　　陈晓明从事生殖医学以及人类辅助生育技术研究已经12年。他说，12年前就诊的男性不孕不育患者中，无精子症患者约占1/13,而今天，这个数据已增长至1/6。“根据日门诊量的情况来看，在不孕不育患者中，除去能从睾丸里取出精子的患者外，绝对需要供精的患者比例约为1/20。”陈晓明说，由于生活习惯及工作、生活压力等多方面原因，现代男性精子的质量逐年下降，无精子症患者也越来越多。

ChenXiaoMing engaged in reproductive medicine and human assisted reproductive technology research has been 12 years.He said,12 years ago complaining of male sterility patients,No sperm disease patients accounted for about 1/13,And today,This data has risen to 1/6."According to the day MenZhenLiang situation,In the sterility patients,To remove the testicles to remove the sperm from outside of the patients,Absolute need for fine the percentage of patients is about 1/20."ChenXiaoMing said,Due to the living habits and work/Life stress and so on the various reason,Modern male sperm quality to drop year by year,No sperm disease patient also more and more.

　　陈晓明坦言，精源是个令人头疼的问题。“全国对外供精的精子库只有10家，多分布于沿海及发达地区，其精源也很紧张，且优先当地患者使用”。

ChenXiaoMing said,Fine source is a headache problem."National foreign for better sperm bank only 10,Points distributes in coastal and developed areas,Its fine source is also very nervous,And the priority use local patients".

　　据陈晓明介绍，目前，需精患者到新疆佳音医院就诊，得先在医院预约，再由院方向内地某家精子库申请合格精液，精液标本需用危险品液氮冷冻保存，只能通过汽车运输，运程比较长。“路途遥远、运输途中风险高、需时刻谨防生物污染，这些都是我们需要建立自己的精子库的原因。”陈晓明说。

According to ChenXiaoMing introduced,At present,Patients should be fine to the xinjiang evangel hospital,Have to make an appointment at the hospital,Again by yuan mainland direction a home sperm bank application qualified semen,Semen specimen need dangerous liquid nitrogen cryopreservation,Only through the automobile transportation,Shipping distance is longer."Long journey/Transit high risk/Need time beware of biological pollution,These are all we need to build their own sperm bank reason."ChenXiaoMing said.

伦理风险管控是关键 Ethical risk control is the key

　　据了解，根据卫生部规定，每个省只许有一家人类精子库，新疆佳音医院和新疆医科大学第一附属医院先后申请筹建人类精子库，然而，自治区卫生厅迟迟未作出明确答复，这是为什么呢？

It is understood,According to the provisions of the ministry of health,Every province only a human sperm bank,Xinjiang evangel hospitals and xinjiang medical university first affiliated hospital has the preparation for human sperm bank,however,Autonomous region health department didn't make a definite reply,This is why?

　　自治区卫生厅一名工作人员道出了其中原委。原来，精子库一旦建成，最重要也最关键的问题在于伦理风险管控。根据《人类精子库管理办法》规定，精子库管理必须遵从“三盲原则”(即捐受双方互不相识、帮助受精的医生也不知捐精者为何人)，因为每一名捐精者的精液最多可使5位妇女怀孕，这就涉及到伦理问题，一旦捐精受孕成功，那么多年后，因受孕成功而长大的孩子相识、相知甚至相恋，怎么办？

Autonomous region health a staff tell them the whole story.The original,Sperm bank once built,The most important and also the most critical problem is ethical risk control.According to[Measures for the administration of human sperm bank]provisions,Sperm bank management must follow"SanMang principle"(That is to donate by both sides strangers/Help fertilization doctors don't know why donor),Because each a donor sperm can make the most of the five women pregnant,This involves ethical issues,Once donate sperm conception success,After so many years,For conception successful and grown up children meet/Bosom friend even fell in love,do?

　　“不仅如此，这还需要结合地域特点进行完善，尤其是在多民族聚居区。这方面，我们没有任何经验，需要向内地借鉴，并请卫生部的专家来会商。”该工作人员说，至于以后精子库花落谁家，则需要各方协商、检验、审批后才能下结论。

"Not only that,It also requires a combination of regional characteristics of perfect,Especially in many ethnic communities.this,We don't have any experience,Need for reference to the mainland,And please the ministry of health experts to consultation with the."The staff said,As for later sperm bank go in time to come,Requires all parties/inspection/After examination and approval to jump to conclusions.

　　同时，该工作人员表示：“国家坚决反对自助捐精行为，且绝不允许买卖精源。如果在医疗机构中有这样的事发生，一经发现即严格按照《医疗机构管理条例》处罚。”

At the same time,The staff said:"Countries are firmly opposed to self-help donate sperm behavior,And will never allow buying and selling fine source.If in the medical institutions have such things happen,Once found that is in strict accordance with the[The regulations on the administration of medical institutions]punishment."

　　根据规定，捐精者的年龄在22至45岁之间，大中专院校学生、白领是捐精者的头号人选。捐献时间长达半年，捐献时，受捐精子库每次会补偿捐献者一定的交通费、误餐费。首次捐献者还需等待6个月窗口期以检查是否患有艾滋病，6个月后检验合格方可捐献。捐献完毕，捐献者可领取一笔费用，该笔费用在全国各地的标准也不同，3000至5000元不等。由于一名男性一生只能捐献一次，所以，坊间传言“捐几次，房子首付就有了”的说法纯属莫须有。捐献成功后，捐献者的数据会保存至国家精子库信息中心。

According to the regulation,Donor age 22 to 45 years old in between,Colleges and universities students/The white-collar is donor number one candidate.Contributions of time more than six months,gifts,To donate sperm bank every time will compensate by donor certain transportation/Overtime meal allowance.The first donors still need to wait for six months window period to check whether suffering from AIDS,Six months after inspection qualified can gifts.The contributions,The donor may receive a fee,The cost in all parts of the country have different standard,Between 3000 to 5000 yuan RMB.Due to a male life can only donate some time,so,Urban rumours"Donate a few times,The house down"Saying is unwarranted.Gifts after the success,The donor's data will be kept to the national sperm bank information center.

应立法区分亲生权与血缘权 Legislation should distinguish natural right and right of blood

　　新疆社会科学院社会学所助理研究员杨富强认为，“合法捐献精子具有公益性质，有助于人类繁衍后代的大计，应该视之为一种医学手段，这是我们医学水平提高的表现。”

Xinjiang academy of social sciences that sociology research assistant Yang prosperity think,"Legal to donate sperm with public property,Help the human and reproduce,Should see it as a means of medicine,This is our medical level to improve performance."

　　而新疆律师张树兵认为，建立人类精子库，更重要是完善立法。

But in xinjiang the lawyer ZhangShuBing think,To establish the human sperm bank,The more important is to perfect legislation.

　　目前，我国规范捐精行为的3部行政法规是《人类精子库管理办法》、《人类精子库基本标准与技术规范》、《人类辅助生殖技术管理原则》。

At present,Our country standard donate sperm behavior of the part 3 administrative regulations is[Measures for the administration of human sperm bank]/[Human sperm bank basic standards and technical specifications]/[Human assisted reproductive technology management principle].

　　“立法机构应该立法保护合理的捐精行为。”张树兵说，“若孩子是借精生子而得，则与捐精者有血缘关系，按照民法通则和婚姻法规定，捐精者与孩子间的父子关系得到法律承认。可一旦有不良医生泄露信息，捐精者想索要孩子时该怎么办？根据‘上位法优于下位法’的适用规则，难道法官真的要把孩子判给捐精者么？所以，我国应尽快通过立法区分亲生权与血缘权。”(记者潘从武 通讯员廖望)

"The legislature should legislation to protect reasonable donate sperm behavior."ZhangShuBing said,"If a child is pure and borrow a son,The donor blood relationship,According to the general principles of the civil law and the provisions of the marriage law,Donor and children of the parent-child relationship between get legal recognition.But as soon as bad doctors leak information,Donor want to ask for a child what to do?According to‘ShangWeiFa is better than XiaWeiFa’Applicable rules of,Don't judge really want to take the children awarded donor yao?so,Our country should through legislation as soon as possible to distinguish natural right and right of blood."(Reporter pan from wu correspondent liao hope)