最近，一则“转基因玉米致癌”的新闻在社会上引起强烈反响，继“黄金大米”之后，转基因食品又一次被推上舆论的风口浪尖。但有关调查显示，尽管转基因食品一直备受关注，但真正了解它的人并不多。为此，本报邀请有关专家，对老百姓关于转基因食品的常见疑问进行解答。

recently,a"Genetically modified corn carcinogenic"The news caused strong reaction in the society,the"Golden rice"after,Genetically modified food was again on public opinion in the teeth of the storm.But the survey,Although genetically modified food has always been concerned,But really understand it is not much.therefore,Our newspaper invite relevant experts,To common people for genetically modified food common answer questions.

　　什么是转基因食品，从什么时候开始面市的？中国农业大学食品学院院长罗云波指出，转基因技术是利用现代分子生物学技术，将某些生物的基因转移到其他物种中去，改造它们的遗传物质，使其在性状、营养品质、消费品质等方面向人们所需要的目标转变，这种以转基因生物为食物或原料加工生产的食品统称为转基因食品。1994年，美国第一例转基因番茄被批准商业化。

What is a genetically modified food,From what time to start listed?China agricultural university food, dean of the college of LuoYunBo pointed out,Transgenic technology is the use of modern molecular biology technology,Will some biological gene transfer to other species to,Transformation of their genetic material,In the character/Nutritional quality/Consumption quality and so on to what people need to target transformation,This kind of genetically modified organisms in food or raw material for production of food collectively referred to as genetically modified food.In 1994,,The first case of transgenic tomato approved commercialization.

　　为什么会有转基因食品？转基因技术能够解决传统育种所遇到的瓶颈问题，有目的地把需要的基因转移到被改造的作物上。转基因技术为人类改良农作物品种、提高粮食生产的效率，提供了更为广阔的途径。罗云波指出，与传统玉米相比，转基因玉米有很好的抗虫性和抗病性，减少了虫害和农药残留，节约了生产成本。

Why can have genetically modified food?Transgenic technology can solve the traditional breeding met bottleneck problem,Have the destination to gene transfer to the reformation on the crops.Transgenic technology for human improved crops varieties/To improve the efficiency of grain production,To provide a more broad way.LuoYunBo pointed out that,Compared with the traditional corn,Genetically modified corn have very good insect resistance and disease resistance,Reduce the pest and pesticide residue,Save the production cost.

　　杂交水稻是转基因吗？转基因技术与杂交技术一样，都是通过基因转移培育具优良性状的作物，区别在于杂交育种是通过同种生物体内的基因相互交流的方式来实现优势互补，在杂交过程中基因以“批量”形式进行转移，而转基因技术目标性强，可实现跨物种间的特定基因转移。袁隆平所研制的高产水稻属于杂交，不是转基因。此外，市场上出现的小黄瓜、小番茄等也都不属于转基因食品。

Hybrid rice is a genetically modified (gm)?Transgenic technology and hybrid technologies,By gene transfer to cultivate a good character of crops,Difference between cross breeding is through the same the biology gene mutual means of communication to achieve the complementary advantages,In the hybrid process genes"batch"Form to transfer,Transgenic technology and strong targeted,Can realize across species specific gene transfer.Yuan longping, the developed high yield rice belong to cross,Not genetically modified.In addition,That appeared on the market small cucumber/Small tomato and so on also are not belong to genetically modified food.

　　转基因食品安全吗？到目前为止，没有发现已批准的转基因食品对人体健康有任何不良的影响。罗云波指出，转基因食品在走进市场前是进行过严格安全评价的。应该说我们能够买到的转基因食品是安全的，可以放心食用。转基因只是改变了作物的基因，这些被改变的基因吃进人体内，也跟其他基因一起被消化掉，不会改变人的基因。

Genetically modified food safety?So far,Found no approved of genetically modified food on human health have any bad effect.LuoYunBo pointed out that,Genetically modified food in into the market before the had strict safety evaluation.Should say we can buy of genetically modified foods are safe,Safe to eat.Transgenic just changed the crop genetic,These are changed gene to eat into the body,Also with other genes are ingested together,Won't change people's genes.

　　为什么会有很多人反对转基因？虽然现在转基因食品是安全的，但毕竟转基因是一门新技术，它对人体健康和生态环境的长期影响还不敢确定。其次，人们对它的原理缺乏真正科学的了解，加之社会上的一些主观臆想和猜测认为转基因违背自然规律，还有贸易保护、商业竞争、宗教信仰、甚至政治斗争等因素，故而仍有相当一部分人反对转基因食品。

Why is there a lot of people object to genetically modified?Although now genetically modified foods are safe,But after all genetically modified (gm) is a new technology,It on human health and ecological environment long-term impact is not sure.secondly,People to its principle lack of real understanding of science,Together with social some subjective iamginition and guess think transgenic go against nature,And trade protection/Commercial competition/Religious belief/And even political struggle factors,So there are still quite a number of people against genetically modified food.

　　现在中国市面上有哪些转基因食品？目前我国市面上的转基因食品分为两种，一种是我国批准用于商业化生产的转基因农作物，包括番木瓜、甜椒、番茄、水稻和玉米，其中常见的甜椒和番茄由于过时已不再生产，水稻和玉米还没有商业化生产。另外一种情况是我们国家用于进口加工原料的转基因农产品，包括大豆、玉米、油菜，其中最常见的就是转基因大豆油。

China now what are on the market of genetically modified food?At present our country on the market of genetically modified food is divided into two,A kind of China is approved for use in commercial production of genetically modified crops,Including papaya/pepper/tomato/Rice and corn,The common pepper and tomato because out of date no longer manufacture,Rice and corn is not commercial production.Another kind of circumstance is in our nation used to import processing raw material of genetically modified agricultural products,Including soybean/corn/rape,One of the most common is the transgenic soybean oil.

　　国外也有转基因食品吗？有数据显示，2010年有29个国家种植转基因作物，有更多国家允许进口转基因作物用于食品、饲料，这些国家包括德国、比利时、日本、西班牙等，占世界总人口的75%。美国是世界第一大转基因食品生产国和消费国，当然，也有少数国家不许可其生产和销售。美国普度大学农业与生物系食品工程专业博士云无心撰文指出，美国的食物除非特别说明，默认都含有转基因成分，美国转基因作物产品有转基因大豆、玉米、油菜、木瓜等。

Foreign also have genetically modified food?Data show,In 2010, 29 countries growing genetically modified crops,More countries allow imported genetically modified crops used in food/feed,These countries including Germany/Belgium/Japan/Spain,Accounted for 75% of the world's population.The United States is the world largest producer and consumer of genetically modified food,Of course,There are a few countries do not permit the production and sales.The United States purdue university agriculture and the living creature fasten food engineering professional doctorate cloud writing a pointed out,The United States food unless otherwise specified,The default contain genetically modified ingredients,The United States genetically modified crops genetically modified (gm) soy products/corn/rape/Papaya, etc.

　　怎样知道食品是否是转基因食品？中国农业大学食品学院副教授范志红指出，按我国相关立法，若产品的主要原料中含转基因成分，应当在包装上加以注明，如果消费者不想购买转基因食品，一定要认真阅读食品标签，如买大豆油时，往往会看到小字标注“原料是转基因大豆”。但若加工食品中含有转基因产品配料，却没有规定必须注明。如美式快餐店里的薯条，用的大都是转基因马铃薯品种；点心里的油脂，饭店里的烹调油，往往是转基因油。所以在外就餐、购买加工食品时，遇到转基因食品成分的机会较大。相比之下，买国产果蔬(除番木瓜)、用花生油等来做烹调，几乎没有吃进去转基因成分的可能。多吃中国的杂粮杂豆，如小米、红豆等，也不会遇到转基因成分，而且其营养价值高。

How do you know the food is genetically modified food?China agricultural university institute of food FanZhiGong associate professor pointed out,According to the related legislation in our country,If the products main raw material contains genetically modified ingredients,In the packing shall be marked,If consumers don't want to buy genetically modified food,Must carefully read food labels,Such as when to buy soybean oil,Often can see small dimension"Raw material is transgenic soybeans".But if processed foods contain genetically modified product ingredients,But no rules must be marked.Such as American fast-food restaurant, the French fries,Use mostly transgenic potato varieties;Some of the heart grease,The restaurant cooking oil,Often is genetically modified oil.So outside dining/When buy processed foods,Meet transgenic food composition opportunity larger.Compared with,Buy domestic fruits and vegetables(In addition to papaya)/With peanut oil, etc to do the cooking,Almost no eating in the possibility of genetically modified ingredients.Eat more Chinese ZaDou grains,Such as millet/Red bean, etc,Also won't meet genetically modified ingredients,And the high nutritive value.