天下难事：中国用最短时间构筑世界最大医疗保障网 The world is difficult to:China use the shortest time building the world's largest medical security nets

　　69岁的侗族大妈谢六香家住贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州岑巩县凯本乡小田坝村，患高血压、骨质增生和胃病。今年以来，她已经住了四次院，实际花费医疗费1万多元，但因为参加了新型农村合作医疗，她只需承担1000多元。

The 69 - year - old xie dong aunt six incense of qiandongnan miao and dong autonomous prefecture in guizhou province 岑巩 county kay own XiaoTian dam village,Suffer from high blood pressure/Bone hyperplasia and tummy bug.Since this year,She has lived four yuan,The actual medical costs 10000 yuan,But because took part in the new type of rural cooperative medical care,She need to take responsibility for up to 1000 multivariate.

　　谢六香一家住的是30多年前盖的木房子，她的房间里除了一张床外，没有家具，床上的棉絮破了好几个洞。病患缠身的她基本丧失劳动能力，全家的生活开销都靠老伴种的几亩稻田。

Thank six sweet a live is more than 30 years ago cover the wooden house,Her room except for a bed outside,No furniture,The bed batting broke several holes.Patients with her basic lose labor ability,The whole family expenses are on his wife of a few acres of paddy field.

　　“要是没有医保，我根本看不起病，活不到今天。”谢六香用朴实的话道出中国医保政策对贫困群众的意义。

"If there were no medical insurance,I never look down upon disease,Not live today."Thank six incense use simple words say Chinese medical insurance policy on the significance of the poor and needy.

　　凯本乡卫生院院长伍宏亮说，几年前，村里还有巫婆，村民有病痛通常先请巫婆看香、打卦、跳马脚。随着医保制度的建立，村民“信巫不信医”的现象得到根本扭转，村民患病敢于上医院就诊了。

Kiah own health center director WuHongLiang said,A few years ago,The village and the witch,The villagers have the indisposition usually first please witch watched a sweet/DaGua/Vault feet.Along with the establishment of the medical insurance system,The villagers"Believe wu do not believe the medical"Phenomenon get a fundamental change,The villagers to sick in the hospital.

　　新华社记者在青海、海南、新疆、黑龙江、贵州、河南等16个省市区的广大农村和城市社区采访发现，因为医疗保障制度的全面覆盖，城乡居民看病贵的问题得到较大程度的缓解。

Xinhua news agency reporters in qinghai/hainan/xinjiang/heilongjiang/guizhou/Henan 16 provinces such as the masses of rural and urban community interview found,Because the medical security system of universal coverage,The problem of urban and rural residents a doctor you get larger degree of ease.

　　公益性曾经是中国医疗体制的核心。上世纪五六十年代，中国在城镇实行公费医疗和劳保医疗，在农村建立了合作医疗。一批接受过短期培训的农村医疗人员(赤脚医生)在保持农业生产的同时为村民提供医疗服务，被世界卫生组织和世界银行誉为“以最少的投入获得最大健康收益”的“中国模式”。

Pro bono was the core of the Chinese health care system.The s,China in the town implement medical treatment at public expenses and the labor protection medicare,In rural cooperative medical care is established.A group of received short-term training of rural medical staff(Barefoot doctor)In keeping the agricultural production at the same time for the villagers to provide medical services,The world health organization and the world bank as the"With the least investment gain maximum health benefits"of"The Chinese model".

　　改革开放后，伴随计划经济向市场经济转变，中国原有的医疗保障体系发生了变化。2003年，中国拥有各种医保的人减少到15%左右，且主要集中在城市。由于缺少疾病风险的分担机制，城乡居民因病致贫、因病返贫的现象时有发生。

After reform and opening up,With planned economy to a market economy,The Chinese original medical security system changed.In 2003,,China has all kinds of medical insurance people down to 15%,And mainly concentrated in the city.Due to the lack of disease risk sharing mechanism,Urban and rural residents become financially-difficult/The phenomenon of poverty due to illness happen from time to tome.

　　2003年的非典疫情暴露了中国医疗卫生体制尤其是公共卫生体系建设的问题，促使中国政府对医疗卫生体制、疾病控制体系建设重新审视。

2003 years of SARS epidemic exposed the Chinese medical and health system, especially the problem of public health system,Prompted the Chinese government to medical and health system/Disease control system review.

　　2009年4月6日，《中共中央国务院关于深化医药卫生体制改革的意见》公布；7日，《医药卫生体制改革近期重点实施方案(2009—2011年)》公布，新一轮医药卫生体制改革进入全面实施阶段。在占世界人口1／5的中国推行以公益为导向的医改，是一项前所未有的挑战。

April 6, 2009,[The central committee of the communist party the state council on deepening the reform of medical care system opinion]announced;7,[Medical and health system reform the key implementation plan(In 2009-2011)]announced,A new round of medicine and health care system reform entered the overall implementation stage.In the accounts for 1/5 of the world's population China to implement public welfare as the guidance of medical reform,Is an unprecedented challenges.

　　由国务院医改办公室起草的《深化医药卫生体制改革三年总结报告》显示，2011年，中国城乡居民参加职工医保、城镇居民医保、新农合人数超过13亿，其中参加新农合的人口8.32亿，覆盖率达到95%以上，中国已经建立起世界上最大的医疗保障网。

The cure of the state council office of the draft[Deepen the medical and health system reform three years summary report]display,In 2011,,China's urban and rural residents to participate in medical worker/Medical insurance for urban residents/New farmers more than $1.3 billion,Among them the new agriculture, a population of 832 million,Rate is above 95%,China has set up the world's largest medical security nets.

　　当然，中国目前的医疗保障网还只是广覆盖、低水平的保障，对于缓解大病患者因病致贫、因病返贫的作用仍然有限。

Of course,China's current medical security network is still wide coverage/Low levels of security,For alleviating serious illness patients become financially-difficult/The role of poverty due to illness is still limited.

　　国际权威医学杂志《柳叶刀》今年3月刊发的文章显示，2011中国灾难性医疗支出的发生比例为12.9%，即1.73亿中国人因大病陷入困境。

International authoritative medical journal[The lancet]In march this year published articles display,2011 China catastrophic medical spending 12.9% happened,That is because of a serious illness 173 million Chinese people in trouble.

　　江西省卫生厅副厅长曾传美说，随着财力的增长，各级政府已经开始探索提高大病保障水平。

Jiangxi provincial health bureau deputy director had ChuanMei said,With the growth of the financial resources,Governments at all levels have begun to explore to improve security level of a serious illness.

　　2009年，实施白内障和唇腭裂患者免费治疗；2010年，启动儿童白血病、先天性心脏病免费救治；2011年，为尿毒症困难患者进行免费血透救治。3年来，江西省开创性地实施重大疾病免费救治，惠及五大病种的21万多名患者。

In 2009,,Implementation of cataract patients with cleft lip and palate and free treatment;In 2010,,Start childhood leukemia/Free treatment for congenital heart disease;In 2011,,For uremia patients with hemodialysis treatment difficulty for free.Three years,Jiangxi pioneering to the implementation of the major disease free treatment,Five kinds of diseases to more than 210000 patients.

　　人口大省河南也一直在探索大病救助。河南省卫生厅农卫处处长王耀平说，以新农合为例，虽然参合农民平均报销比例在75%左右，但如果一次性住院花费超过6万元，则报销比例直接提高到八成，而10万元以上则能达九成，“这其实相当于是为大病患者专门制定的政策”。

The population of henan province have been exploring a serious illness salvage.Henan province health department agriculture health marshal WangYaoPing said,New farmers joint as an example,Although ginseng adds up to farmer average expense ratio at around 75%,But if one-time hospitalization costs more than 60000 yuan,The direct reimbursement ratio increased from eighty percent to,And 100000 yuan of above, can amount to ninety percent,"It is quite so for serious illness patients specifically formulated policy".

　　今年3月，国务院印发了《“十二五”期间深化医药卫生体制改革规划暨实施方案》，明确提出加快健全全民医保体系，继续加大政府支持力度，逐步提高政府补助标准，着力推进体制机制创新，加快医保支付方式改革，积极探索建立大病保障机制，使全民基本医保制度不断完善。

In march this year,The state council issued the the["1025"During the deepening reform of the drug an medical management planning and implementation plan],Clearly put forward to speed up improvement of the national health care system,Continue to strengthen government support,Gradually improve the government subsidies standards,Focus on promoting the system and mechanism innovation,To speed up the reform of the medical insurance payment,Actively explore establish guarantee mechanism of a serious illness,Make the basic medical insurance system continuous improvement.

　　在加大医保投入的同时，中国各地还在探索跨区域异地就医即时结算，方便患者异地就诊报销。

In the increase in medical insurance at the same time,Around China is still in exploring cross area to different medical immediate settlement,Patients with convenient different medical expense.

　　今年8月1日，南昌与广州作为泛珠三角地区首批试点城市，正式开通异地就医即时结算，解决医保参保人群在异地“看病难、垫支多、报销繁”等诸多问题。

August 1,,Nanchang and guangzhou as the pan-pearl river delta region the first batch of pilot city,The official opening different medical immediate settlement,To solve the medical insurance ginseng in other cities"See a doctor difficult/Advance expenditure many/Submit an expense account numerous"Many problems, such as.

　　据介绍，泛珠三角地区异地就医即时结算全部开通后，参保人在基本医疗保险参保所在地办理一张异地就医卡，到异地医保定点医院就医时，凭借身份证和异地就医卡便可办理即时结算，避免了异地报销的繁琐程序。此举将惠及合作区域内1亿多参保群众。(记者 沈洋 曹凯 罗鑫)

According to introducing,Pan-pearl river delta region different medical instant settlement after the opening of the all,Ginseng protect people in the basic medical insurance ginseng protect a seat for a different medical card,To different medical insurance fixed-point hospital when go to a doctor,With id card and remote medical card can deal with immediate settlement,Avoid the rigmarole of different to submit an expense account.The move will benefit cooperation area more than 100 million ginseng protect the masses.(Reporter ShenYang CaoKai LuoXin)