中新网昆明10月23日电 (顾一航)“RH阴性血患者急需输血！”近年来，随着中国网络自媒体快速发展，稀有血型患者求助信息成为微博上关注度和转发率最高的信息之一。这同时也折射出，中国在推行无偿献血14年后依旧普遍存在的被称为“熊猫血”的稀有血型“血荒”之忧。

Beijing on October 23, kunming (The a air)"Rh-negative blood patients need a blood transfusion!"In recent years,With China's rapid development since the network media,Rare blood type patients help information become micro blog attention and forward one of the highest rate of information.It also reflects the,China pursues free blood donation in 14 years is still widespread is called"Panda blood"Of rare blood type"Blood shortage"Worry about.

　　“从全国来看，血荒的出现主要原因是供求关系不平衡，这种现象在稀有血型中更为明显。”云南昆明血液中心输血研究室主任朱祥明23日接受记者采访时表示。

"nationally,The emergence of blood waste main reason is the relation between supply and demand imbalance,This phenomenon is more obvious in the rare blood type."Yunnan kunming blood center blood transfusion research director ZhuXiangMing 23 when accepting a reporter to interview said.

　　自1998年出台《献血法》起，中国开始推行无偿献血。2012年，中国人口献血率只有0.87%，低于世界卫生组织1%的警戒线。而在占人口比例不到0.34‰的RH阴性稀有血型人群中，“血荒”更严重。

From 1998 on[broaden]up,China began implementation of free blood donation.In 2012,,China's population of blood donation rate of only 0.87%,The world health organization is lower than 1% of the warning line.And in the proportion of less than 0.34 ‰ of the RH negative rare blood type the crowd,"Blood shortage"More serious.

　　近年来，在云南省会昆明，每年平均献血人次在10万人左右、献血量约为50吨、增长率为5%——6%，与此对应的是，该市医院用血量每年以18%的速度增长。朱祥明说：“供求矛盾是导致‘血荒’的重要原因，在医疗资源更加集中的北京、上海等地，这种现象更加突出。”

In recent years,In yunnan provincial capital kunming,A year on average over blood donation in about 100000 people/XianXieLiang about 50 tons/Growth rate is 5% - 6%,And the corresponding is,Every year the city hospital YongXieLiang increased by 18%.ZhuXiang testified:"Supply and demand contradiction is the cause‘Blood shortage’The important reason for the,In the medical resources more concentration of Beijing/Shanghai,This phenomenon is more prominent."

　　“而与普通血型相比，RH阴性血的库存量更加不容乐观。”朱祥明表示，“一方面，稀有血型献血者数量较少。”按照0.34‰的比例，云南4596万人口中，应有15万左右的稀有血型人群。但目前，云南昆明血液中心累计检测出的稀有血型仅为3000多人，这其中作为志愿者登记在案的大约有400人。而与血液中心固定沟通联系，能随时提供血液的志愿者仅为270人左右。

"And compared with normal blood type,Rh-negative blood inventory more not optimistic."ZhuXiangMing said,"On the one hand,Rare blood type small number blood donors."According to the proportion of 0.34 ‰,Yunnan 45.96 million people mouth,Have 150000 or so rare blood type the crowd.But at present,Yunnan kunming blood center accumulative detection of rare blood type is only more than 3000 people,The record as a volunteer of about 400 people.The blood center fixed communication,Can at any time to provide blood volunteers is only about 270 people.

　　“RH阴性血型知识在大众中的普及程度还不够。许多人并不知道自己是稀有血型，而登记在案的志愿者也因为工作流动、地址变更等因素失去联系。虽然每年都有新增志愿者，但总量仍在270人左右保持动态平衡。”

"Rh-negative blood type knowledge in the public popularity is not enough.Many people do not know that they are rare blood type,And registered volunteers also because of work flow/Address change factors lose touch.Although every year there are new volunteers,But the total is still in about 270 people keep dynamic balance."

　　另一方面，稀有血型面临储量少、但用量大的矛盾。朱祥明给记者举了个例子：“22日，昆明第一附属医院一RH阴性0型血产妇大出血，输血2100毫升。这相当于10个稀有血型献血者的献血量一次用完。大用血量稀有血型患者一次用血就对血库库存造成非常大的消耗，最多时每个患者用血量达8000毫升。”

On the other hand,Rare blood type face less reserves/But the contradiction of big dosage.ZhuXiangMing to reporter an example:"22,The first affiliated hospital of kunming a RH negative 0 type blood maternity hemorrhea,Blood transfusion 2100 ml.This is equivalent to 10 rare blood type of blood donors XianXieLiang use up at one time.Big YongXieLiang rare blood type patients a blood to the blood bank stock cause great consumption,Most time each patient YongXieLiang 8000 ml."

　　为了避免“血荒”之忧，保证稀有血型的供给，昆明血液中心采取了多项措施，其中最主要的一项就是冷冻血技术。“血液采集后保质期为35天。针对稀有血型，我们会将血液进行特殊处理、冰冻保存，这样保质期可达10年。”朱祥明介绍，这种技术的使用能有效避免因稀有血型献血者扎堆献血而导致的浪费。

In order to avoid"Blood shortage"Worry about,Ensure the supply of rare blood type,Kunming blood center taken a number of measures,One of the main item is frozen blood technology."After the collection of blood for a period of 35 days.According to the rare blood type,We will blood for special treatment/Freezing preservation,Such warranty available for 10 years."ZhuXiangMing introduced,This technique can effectively avoid the use of rare blood type because of blood donors to blood donation gathers together the waste.

　　针对“献血容易用血难”导致民众献血积极性不高，中国国家卫生部正积极推动献血数据库全国联网，实现跨省异地用血报销，更好地保障无偿献血者的权益，推动无偿献血发展。近年来，江苏、浙江、上海已率先实行了跨省份的异地用血报销。

According to"Blood donation easy to use"Cause the public to donate blood enthusiasm is not high,China's ministry of public health is actively promote blood donation database nationwide network,Across the province to realize different blood to submit an expense account,Better safeguard the rights and interests of the unpaid blood donors,To promote the development of blood donation without compensation.In recent years,jiangsu/zhejiang/Shanghai has across provinces take the lead to implement the "blood to submit an expense account.

　　朱祥明说：“目前，云南省内的异地用血报销已提上日程，有望在不久的将来实现。”(完)

ZhuXiang testified:"At present,Yunnan province of different blood to submit an expense account has been put on the agenda,Is expected to be realized in the near future."(finish)