据世界卫生组织近日发布的最新“全球成人烟草调查”数据显示，中国超半数育龄妇女经常被动吸二手烟。专家指出，二手烟暴露对孕妇及儿童健康的危害严重，控烟戒烟面临严峻挑战。落实禁烟令需要完善相应配套措施，才能令行禁止、执法“给力”。

According to the world health organization recently released the latest"Global adult tobacco survey"Data display,China over half of the women of child-bearing age often passive secondhand smoke.Experts point out that,Secondhand smoke exposure to pregnant women and children's health seriously harm,Tobacco smoking is facing serious challenges.Implement the smoking ban need to perfect relevant supporting measures,Can move/Law enforcement"awesome".

　调查显示：中国逾半育龄妇女被动吸烟 Investigation shows that:China's more than half women of child-bearing age passive smoking

　　“从你嘴巴吐出，从我鼻孔进入……那么轻易，你竟然可以烧毁我……”周杰伦的《二手烟》唱出了不少人被动吸烟的无可奈何。

"From your mouth spit out,From my nose into...So easy,You unexpectedly can burn me..."Jay Chou's[Secondhand smoke]Sing out many people passive smoking of have no other way.

　　“尽管公司墙上贴着禁烟标示，但我的老板是烟民，我能要他不抽烟吗？”一位怀孕5个月的准妈妈在网上“求助”，办公室里老板“吞云吐雾”，无法拒绝的二手烟让她很无奈。不少准妈妈们表示，碍于人情，难以对吸烟的同事直言相劝，有时难免默默忍受。

"Although the company put on the wall marked ban,But my boss is smokers,Can I have him don't smoke?"A pregnant 5 months of expectant mothers on the web"For help",Boss in the office"Blow a cloud",Can't refuse secondhand smoke made her very helpless.Many would-be moms said,Due to the human,Smoking is difficult to colleagues to persuade,Sometimes hard to avoid who silently suffers.

　　据世界卫生组织近日发布的最新“全球成人烟草调查”数据显示，中国育龄妇女在工作场所经常吸二手烟人数超过二分之一。而在家中，中国农村女性被动吸烟情况更为严重，近四分之三的农村女性在家中被动吸烟，而半数以上的城市女性在家中被动吸烟。

According to the world health organization recently released the latest"Global adult tobacco survey"Data display,Chinese women of child-bearing age in the workplace often secondhand smoke more than half.And at home,China's rural women passive smoking the situation is even more serious,Nearly three-quarters of women in rural areas in the home passive smoking,And more than half of the women in the home city of passive smoking.

　　此次调查由世卫组织与中美两国疾控中心于2010年起共同开展。数据还显示，在中国、巴西、印度等14个发展中国家中，中国15岁至49岁女性的被动吸烟率最高。

The survey by the world health organization and the United States, the two countries CDC in 2010 up common development.Data also shows that,In China/Brazil/India 14 developing countries,China 15 to 49 years old female passive smoking the highest.

　　根据卫生部今年5月首次发布的《中国吸烟危害健康报告》，中国每年因吸烟导致死亡的人数超过100万，二手烟暴露导致的死亡人数超过10万。

According to the ministry of health issued for the first time in May this year[China's cigarette smoking is a health hazard report],China of tobacco-related deaths every year because of more than 1 million,Exposure to secondhand smoke in the death toll is more than 100000.

　　中南大学湘雅医院呼吸内科主任胡成平介绍，目前中国约有3亿多吸烟者，约占世界烟民总数的1／3。大约67%的男性及4%的女性吸烟。胡成平说，一支点燃的烟释放出4000多种有害物质，二手烟中含有大量有害物质及致癌物，不吸烟者暴露于二手烟同样会增加多种吸烟相关疾病的发病风险。

Central south university xiangya hospital respiratory head of the medical department HuChengPing is introduced,At present China has an estimated 300 million smokers,About of the world total 1/3 of the smokers.About 67% of men and 4% of women smoking.HuChengPing said,A flaming smoke release more than 4000 kinds of harmful substances,Secondhand smoke contains a lot of harmful substances and carcinogens,Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke also add a variety of smoking related of disease risk.

　　专家指出，经常被动吸烟对孕妇及儿童健康的危害尤为严重，可以导致孕妇早产、新生儿发生神经管畸形、唇腭裂等出生缺陷等疾病。长期吸二手烟对女性生殖过程产生重大影响，有毒物质长期积累于体内，可影响卵子的生长，还可导致染色体畸变，在基因的调控下影响代谢，干扰发育，从遗传学上影响孩子的健康。

Experts point out that,Often passive smoking in pregnant women and children's health hazard is serious,Pregnant women can lead to premature birth/Newborn neural tube defects occurred/Cleft lip and palate and birth defects and other diseases.Secondhand smoke for female reproductive process have great influence,Toxic substances accumulated for a long time in the body,Can affect the growth of eggs,Also can lead to chromosome aberration,In the regulation of gene affecting metabolism,Interference development,From genetics influence children's health.

禁烟令实施遇尴尬 Implementation of the smoking ban in embarrassment

　　2011年5月1日，卫生部颁布的《公共场所卫生管理条例细则》开始施行，条例细则规定“室内公共场所禁烟。公共场所经营者应当设置醒目的禁止吸烟警语和标志。室外公共场所设置的吸烟区不得位于行人必经的通道上。公共场所不得设置自动售烟机。公共场所经营者应当开展吸烟危害健康的宣传，并配备专(兼)职人员对吸烟者进行劝阻。”

On May 1, 2011,Issued by the ministry of[Public health management regulations]To perform the,Regulation rules"Indoor smoking in public places.Public business operator shall set eye-catching no smoking cautions and mark.Outdoor public places in the smoking area may not be the necessary channel.Public places shall not set up cigarette vending machines.Public business operator shall carry out the publicity of cigarette smoking is a health hazard,And equipped with special(and)Resigned personnel to the smokers to dissuade."

　　根据细则，全国县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门将依法对公共场所卫生进行监督管理，禁止室内公共场所吸烟。

According to the rules,The people's governments at or above the county level according to law, the administrative department of public health of public health for the supervision and management,Banned indoor public smoking.

　　卫生部去年发布的“禁烟令”，规定了禁烟的场所，明确了监督执法的部门，却没有明确相应配套处罚细则。一些卫生监督执法人员表示，遇到一些在公众场所吸烟的烟民，只能督促其整改，效果甚微。

The ministry of health issued last year"Smoking ban",The provisions of the place of smoking,Has been clear about the supervision and law enforcement departments,But no clear corresponding punishment rules.Some health supervision and law enforcement officials said,Meet a few smokers smoking in public places,Can urge its rectification,Little effect.

　　记者发现，“禁烟令”实施以来，有令不行、有禁不止的现象普遍。在网吧、车站、场馆等公共场所吞云吐雾的现象没有明显减少。

Reporter discovery,"Smoking ban"Since the implementation of,Have to not/YouJinBuZhi phenomenon generally.In the net cafe/station/Venues and other public places a phenomenon did not significantly reduce.

　　记者走访一些网吧发现，对于网吧内“禁止吸烟”的警示，很多网民视若无睹。一些网吧工作人员说，对于网民抽烟的行为，既不能罚款，又不能赶走客人，只能好言相劝，几乎没什么效果。

Reporters visited some Internet cafe found,For Internet cafes in"No smoking"warning,Many netizens turn a blind eye to.Some Internet bar staff said,For Internet users smoking behavior,Can neither a fine,And can't drive away the guest,Can counsel to have a discussion,Almost no effect.

　　法律人士认为，“禁烟令”缺少相应配套的惩罚细则，这片法律上的空白会影响“禁烟令”的执行，给执法人员带来操作上的困难；而对于烟民，因为违法成本太低，导致其继续我行我素。

Legal experts think,"Smoking ban"The lack of corresponding punishment rules,This piece of legal blank affect"Smoking ban"execution,To execute the law personnel with practical difficulties;For smokers,Because the illegal cost is too low,Lead to its continue to persist one's old ways.

　专家：加强控烟教育 完善禁烟令 experts:Strengthen the smoke control education improve the smoking ban

　　据中南大学湘雅医院心理卫生中心副主任杨放如介绍，中国烟民数量不断增长，控烟戒烟面临严峻挑战。不少烟民戒烟意识和动机缺乏。全国第三次吸烟的流行病学调查结果显示，国内3亿多烟民中没有戒烟愿望者占74%。杨放如说，除了尼古丁依赖和生理成瘾外，互相递烟的社会习俗、日益增大的工作压力，也成为烟民不断增加的原因。

According to the central south university xiangya hospital mental health center, deputy director of the YangFang such as is introduced,China's growing number of smokers,Tobacco smoking is facing serious challenges.Many smokers quit smoking consciousness and lack of motivation.The national third smoking epidemiological survey,Domestic more than 300 million smokers to quit smoking no desire is 74%.YangFang such as said,In addition to nicotine dependence and physiological addiction outside,The cigarette each other social customs/The increasing levels of work pressure,Also become smokers increased reason.

　　专家指出，因烟草使用而引起的疾病和死亡逐渐成为发展中国家巨大的疾病负担。烟草使用已严重影响人类健康和环境，成为国际重大公共卫生问题之一。有效进行戒烟宣传与探究科学戒烟方法迫在眉睫。

Experts point out that,Because tobacco use and cause of disease and death gradually become developing countries huge disease burden.Tobacco use already serious influence human health and the environment,Become the international major public health problem.Effective quit smoking propaganda and explore the scientific method to give up smoking is imminent.

　　专家建议，立法是有效防范二手烟危害的终极手段。除了扩大禁烟的公共场所范围，明确监管、执法单位，关键还要从立法和执法层面上规定具体的惩罚措施，增强可操作性；加大戒烟宣传，劝导吸烟者主动戒烟，引导吸烟者科学戒烟；加强控烟教育，禁止商店向未成年人销售香烟，防止青少年吸烟。(记者帅才)

Experts suggest,Legislation is effectively preventing secondhand smoke hazard ultimate means.In addition to expand the scope of smoking in public places,Clear regulation/Law enforcement unit,Key but also from the legislation and law enforcement level of the specific provisions of punishment,Enhance operability;Increase quit smoking propaganda,Persuade smokers active to give up smoking,Guide smokers science to give up smoking;Strengthen the smoke control education,Ban shop the sale of cigarettes to minors,To prevent youth smoking.(Reporter command ability)