12月18日，山东省成立了4个督查组，对央视披露山东速生鸡一事展开调查。平度市崔家集镇袁家庄养鸡场已被查封并取样检测，公安部门已对养殖场负责人进行传唤审查；高密市大牟家镇小迟家村养鸡场负责人已被警方控制；滕州市官桥镇西郑庄养鸡场、盈泰集团颜楼养鸡场被证实分别于今年5月、8月停止养殖；六和平度屠宰场和盈泰集团屠宰厂已被责令停产整顿，原料和产品全部封存，并取样检测。

12 months and days,Shandong province set up four DuZhaZu,To disclose the CCTV shandong fast-growing chicken investigation.The total CuiGuJiZhen YuanGuZhuang chicken farm has been attachment and sampling test,The public security department has on the farms are summoned review;Gaomi city big MouGuZhen little late home village chicken farm person in charge has been the police control;Su GuanQiaoZhen west ZhengZhuang chicken farm/The intime group facial floor chicken farm was confirmed in May this year, respectively/August stop breeding;And pingdu slaughterhouse and visualize the intime group has been ordered the production,All seal materials and products,And sampling test.

　　19日，山东省畜牧兽医局下发《关于进一步加强兽药使用监管的紧急通知》，在全省范围内开展兽药使用监管整治。

19,Shandong province issued by the animal husbandry and chief veterinary officer[On further strengthening supervision of veterinary drug use emergency notice],In the province carried out within the scope of use of veterinary drug supervision regulation.

　　农业部也再次强调禁止人用药品用于养殖业生产、禁止在饲料和动物饮用水中添加激素类药品和国务院兽医主管部门规定的其他禁用药品、禁止销售含有违禁药物或者兽药残留量超过标准的食用动物产品，并要求各地畜牧兽医部门要切实按照《兽药管理条例》规定，进一步强化养殖环节兽药使用监管，并将对超剂量、超范围使用兽药、不执行休药期制度的行为进行严厉打击，确保畜产品质量安全。

The ministry of agriculture also banned again with drugs used for breeding production/Banned in feed and animal drinking water add hormonal drugs and veterinary departments under the state council provisions of other banned drugs/Banned the sale of contained banned drugs or veterinary drug residues in edible animal products more than the standard,The animal husbandry and veterinary departments and requires all should earnestly according to[Veterinary medicine management regulations]provisions,Further strengthen breeding link use of veterinary drug supervision,And the ultra dose/Overspray veterinary drug use/Do not implement Hugh medicine period system behavior of crack down on,To ensure the quality and safety of animal products.

　　

农户“用药乱”是普遍现象 farmers"Drug mess"Is common phenomenon

　　目前，有关部门正在查处违规养殖户和企业。但是“速生鸡”40天左右长成的真正秘密并非在于激素的催生，而是由品种决定的。

At present,Relevant departments are investigate illegal operations and enterprise.but"Fast-growing chicken"Forty days or so into the real secret is not in the midwifery of hormone,But by the variety of the decision.

　　白羽鸡，养殖期短、肉质嫩，便于分割烹饪，是主要的肉食用鸡，在我国养殖量非常大。而涉事的山东省是白羽鸡的养殖大省。

White chicken,Breeding period short/succulent,Facilitate segmentation cooking,Is the main meat chicken,In our country is a large amount of breeding.And in the shandong province is a big province of white chicken breeding.

　　我国的白羽肉鸡产业从上世纪80年代起步，而肉食鸡品种多为从国外引进。正大集团从美国科宝公司引进了COBB的品种(也称艾维茵品牌)，这个品种的肉鸡经过科学培育，产肉节料，对整个中国肉鸡产业的提升作出了不小贡献。

Our white chicken industry started in the 1980 s,And RouShiJi varieties for imported from abroad.Zhengda group from the United States company division in COBB varieties(Also called YiWeiYin brand),This breed of chicken after scientific cultivation,Producing meat section material,To the Chinese chicken industry ascension made important contributions.

　　经过30多年的发展，白羽肉鸡产业已成为我国农业产业化发展最迅速、最典型的行业。我国也成为世界三大白羽肉鸡生产国之一，鸡肉产品逐渐在国际市场上占有一定的地位。

After 30 years of development,White chicken industry has become China's most rapidly development of the agricultural industrialization/The most typical industry.China has become the world's three largest producer of white chicken,Chicken products gradually in the international market occupies a certain position.

　　12月10日下午，山东省畜牧兽医局召开座谈会，邀请多位专家向媒体介绍白羽鸡相关情况。

On December 10 afternoon,Shandong province animal husbandry and chief veterinary officer held a forum,Invite experts introduced to the media white chicken related cases.

　　山东省农科院家禽研究所研究员魏祥法介绍，白羽鸡长得快有三大原因：育种、饲料和环境条件。

Shandong academy WeiXiangFa researcher at the institute of poultry is introduced,White chickens grow fast has three reasons:breeding/Feed and environmental conditions.

　　优良品种的培育和标准化的养殖技术是肉食鸡快速成长的关键。在过去的20年里，得益于育种的成果，养到两公斤的肉鸡生长期从60天降到了现在的35天，饲料转化率增加了不少。

The cultivation of good varieties and standardization of breeding technology is the key RouShiJi fast growth.In the past twenty years,Benefit from the results of breeding,Keep to two kilograms of chicken phase from sixty heaven now 35 days,Feed conversion rate increase a lot.

　　

一些兽药以化工产品名义流入市场 Some veterinary medicine in the name of chemical products into the market

　　有报道称，“黑心”养鸡场老板给鸡喂食激素类药物地塞米松，它可以刺激鸡多采食，长期大量使用可引起动物体重增加、引发肥胖等症状。我国《兽药管理条例》明确规定，禁止在饲料和动物饮用水中添加激素类药品；禁止将人用药品用于动物。

Reports say,"shoddy"Chicken farm the boss for chicken feed hormone drugs dexamethasone,It can stimulate more than chicken feed,Use a large amount for a long time can cause animals weight gain/Cause symptoms such as obesity.Our country[Veterinary medicine management regulations]specified,Banned in feed and animal drinking water add hormonal drugs;It is forbidden to people use drugs used for animals.

　　一家兽药公司驻地市的业务员秦女士介绍说，“激素类药物是国家禁止使用的，而且用激素的成本风险也很大，很容易出现大规模死亡的情况，我了解到的一般农户也不会使用，他们的主要问题就是用药太乱了。用药如果效果不好就会加大用量和用药时间。至于休药期，如果没有很好的监管和检疫机制，农户根本没有这种意识。”

A veterinary drug company headquarters city salesman qin lady said,"Hormone drugs is the use of prohibited by the state,And the cost of using hormone risk is very big also,Is easy to appear the mass death,I understand the general farmers also won't use,Their main problem is that drug is a mess.Use if the result is bad will increase the amount of time and drug therapy.As for Hugh medicine period,If there is no good supervision and quarantine mechanism,Farmers don't have this kind of consciousness."

　　我国《兽药管理条例》规定，“兽药使用单位，应当遵守国务院兽医行政管理部门制定的兽药安全使用规定，并建立用药记录。”“有休药期规定的兽药用于食用动物时，饲养者应当向购买者或者屠宰者提供准确、真实的用药记录；购买者或者屠宰者应当确保动物及其产品在用药期、休药期内不被用于食品消费。”

Our country[Veterinary medicine management regulations]provisions,"Veterinary drug use the unit,Shall abide by the veterinary administrative department under the state council formulated by the veterinary drug safety rules,And to establish medical records.""Have take medicine period prescribed veterinary drug used in food animals,Owners shall be submitted to the purchaser or butchers to provide accurate/The real medical records;The purchaser or slayer shall ensure that the animals and their products in the first period/Hugh medicine period shall not be used for food consumption."

　　然而，对《兽药管理条例》里的“用药记录”和休药期的规定，很多农户并不熟悉。山东省淄博市的许先生有一家肉食鸭养殖场，他养的鸭也是合同鸭，有固定的收购商收购。他介绍说，他们完全按照收购商的要求做，他们不要求，“用药记录”什么的就不用做。饲料不是公司提供的，由自己购买。这些饲料里肯定是有抗生素的，不然怎么保证鸭的正常存活率。

however,to[Veterinary medicine management regulations]in"Medical records"And take medicine of the provisions of the period,Many farmers are not familiar with.Shandong zibo's Mr. Xu a meat duck farms,He raises the duck is contract duck,Have fixed purchase business acquisitions.He said,They are completely in accordance with the requirements of the acquisition of business to do,They do not require,"Medical records"What don't have to do.Feed is not provided by the company,By buying their own.In the feed is certainly have antibiotics,Or how to guarantee the normal survival duck.

　　为降低死亡率，控制疾病传播，在饲料中添加抗生素是现代养鸡业的普遍做法。农业部曾相继出台《饲料药物添加剂使用规范》和《饲料添加剂品种目录》，对饲料中可以添加的药物进行规范。

In order to reduce the mortality,Control the spread of disease,In the feed add antibiotics is the modern poultry industry common practices.The ministry of agriculture has releasing[Drug use of feed additives]and[Feed additive species list],To feed can be added in order to regulate the drug.

　　值得注意的是，抗生素的使用必须严格执行休药期，有些地方也对不同药物的休药期长短进行了规定。一般情况下，肉鸡送宰前7天要停用一切药物，所用饲料必须不含任何药物添加剂，让肉鸡体内的抗生素自然代谢，降低至符合相关标准后才可出栏宰杀。

It is important to note that,Antibiotic use must be strictly implemented take medicine period,Some place also to different drug take medicine period length for the rules.generally,To kill chicken before 7 days to disable all drug,The feed must not contain any drug additive,Let the chicken body of antibiotic natural metabolism,Reduce to comply with relevant standards to market after slaughter.

　　目前国家对于抗生素畜用并没有强制性标准，这在一定程度上促使了抗生素的滥用。同时，兽用抗生素购买渠道也没有限制，让抗生素的使用变得容易。

At present the country for antibiotics ChuYong and no compulsory standards,This, to a certain extent, contributed to the abuse of antibiotics.At the same time,Veterinary antibiotics purchase channels also have no limit,Make it easy to use of antibiotics.

　　长期从事动物药品生产的李先生透露，现在很多养殖户用的抗生素来自小药厂甚至化工企业生产。一些小化工企业打着化工名义生产药品，不是药品文号就可以躲过监管，其产品大量流入养殖户手中。而养殖户只看疗效，50元一包，一看效果好，并不知道里面加了多少抗生素。

Long engaged in animal medicine production of Mr. Li said,Now a lot of farmers use of antibiotics from small pharmaceutical factory even chemical enterprise production.A few small chemical enterprise under the name of chemical production of drugs,Is not a drug number can avoid supervision,Its products into the hand of farmers.And farmers only to see curative effect,Fifty yuan a pack of,A look at effect is good,Do not know how many antibiotics inside added.

　　

“公司+农户”模式带来生产和监管弊端 "The company + peasant household"Mode to bring production and regulatory disadvantages

　　据了解，国内主要的白羽肉鸡鸡苗企业有山东六和集团、福建圣农集团、蓬莱民和和烟台益生。而现在国内的肉食鸡产业的生产模式有两种，一种是全产业一体化模式，另一种就是“公司+农户”的生产模式。

It is understood,The domestic main white chicken clients enterprise are shandong and group/Fujian SAN farming group/Penglai and yantai and probiotics.And now the domestic RouShiJi industrial production mode there are two,One is the whole industry integration mode,Another is"The company + peasant household"Production mode.

　　报道中的山东六和便是“公司+农户”模式的代表。他们采用的是“低成本扩张、兼并重组”的发展模式。六和集团自己不直接养殖白羽鸡，而是将鸡苗交给农户的养鸡场饲养，六和集团负责收购屠宰并销售。

The coverage of shandong is 6"The company + peasant household"Model representative of the.They use is"Low-cost expansion/Merger and reorganization"Development pattern.And you don't group directly white chicken breeding,But the clients to the farmer's chicken farm breeding,6 and a group responsible for the acquisition slaughtering and sales.

　　在中国，养鸡90%都是“公司+农户”的模式，这种模式俗称“合同鸡”模式。这种模式无疑更暗合中国国情，较少的投资成本和充分利用农村分散劳动力的特征使其受到各地肉鸡供应商的追捧。而据了解，美国前五大养鸡企业都是一体化的产业链模式，去年这五家所占的美国市场份额高达67%。

In China,Chicken is about 90%"The company + peasant household"model,This model as"Contract chicken"mode.This model is certainly more influenced China's national conditions,Less investment cost and make full use of the characteristics of scattered rural labor force the chicken by local supplier to chase after hold in both hands.And it was reported,The former five chickens enterprise is the integration of industrial chain model,Last year the five U.S. market share of 67%.

　　我国肉类行业有3万多家畜禽定点屠宰企业，其中规模以上企业2531家，在数量上仅占10%不到。而美国前10家特大型肉鸡公司所占据的总体市场份额已超过72%。我国肉鸡产业极为分散，行业集中度比较低，抗风险能力也较弱。

Meat industry in China has more than 30000 livestock and poultry slaughter at designated points enterprise,The scale of more than 2531 enterprises,Only 10% in number less than.And former 10 large chicken occupied the overall market share has more than 72%.Our country is very scattered chicken industry,Industry concentration is low,Anti-risk ability is weak.

　　“企业+农户”的分散式养殖模式的各种弊端已显露出来。一方面，这种模式下的农户养殖场大部分鸡舍简陋、设备简易，成千上万的鸡挤在一起，空气质量较差，非常容易传染疾病。农户往往会给肉鸡不断喂食抗生素来降低其死亡率。

"Enterprise + farm households"The distributed cultivation model of various defects has revealed.On the one hand,This mode of farmers farms most henhouse pallet/Equipment simple,Hundreds of thousands of chickens crowded together,Air quality is poorer,Very easy to infectious disease.Farmers often give chicken continuously feeding antibiotics to decrease the mortality rate.

　　通常一个棚养3000只鸡，如今养到5000只，甚至6000只。原本1平方米养10只鸡，如今塞进了15只。如此高密度养殖，再加上温度、湿度的作用，鸡群很容易发病。到鸡成长后期，即使用药也很难控制病情。怎么办？为了利益，那就加大用药量，甚至用激素加快催肥，缩短生长周期。既然控制不住，干脆提前出栏，对养鸡户来说这就是降低风险，增加效益。

Usually a tent to raise 3000 chickens,Now have to 5000 only,Even 6000 only.Originally 1 square meters have 10 chickens,Now plug into the 15 only.So high density breeding,Plus temperature/Humidity role,Chicken group is easy to disease.The chicken growth later,Even if the drug is also difficult to control the illness.do?In order to benefit,The increasing patients,Even with hormone accelerate feed out,Shorten the growth cycle.Since the control,Simply market ahead of,It is YangJiHu to reduce risk,Increase benefits.

　　另一方面，这种模式也给禽类用药安全和检疫带来监管困难。公司与农户定向签约，名义上对养殖户会进行技术指导和用药监管，但实际上难以全程监管养殖户的行为。

On the other hand,This model also give birds drug safety and quarantine supervision with difficulty.Companies and farmers directional signing,The name of farmers will provide technical guidance and drug supervision,But in fact the supervision to the behavior of the farmers.

　　合同鸡模式下，养殖户从公司领到鸡苗的同时，饲料和药品也是一起配送的，在养殖环境差的情况下，就会选择市场上的药品。

Contract chicken mode,Farmers from the company to the clients at the same time,Feed and drug is together the distribution,In the breeding environment under the condition of the poor,Will choose market drugs.

　　“一般情况下，养殖户一只鸡赚1元钱，自然不愿意鸡死亡造成损失。”从事动物药品生产的李先生说，乱用药，甚至用激素就是利益驱动。

"generally,A chicken farmers make 1 yuan,Nature is not willing to chicken death causes a loss."Engaged in animal medicine production of Mr Lee said,Disorderly use,Even with hormone is driven.

　　曾经在六和集团工作的郝先生说，一些养殖户为了追求利益最大化，令肉鸡养殖密度过高，而通风环境、防疫措施较差容易引发肉鸡大规模死亡，最终通过给肉鸡不间断喂食抗生素降低其死亡率。

Once in the 16th and group work said Mr. Hao,Some farmers in order to pursue the maximal profit,Make chicken breeding density is too high,And ventilated environment/Epidemic prevention measures to produce poor chicken mass death,Finally through to chicken uninterrupted feeding antibiotics decrease the mortality rate.

　　由于产量大，在公司检验检疫环节，白羽鸡行业存在“走过场”的现象。

Due to the large production,Inspection and quarantine link in the company,White chicken industry exist"Go through the motions"phenomenon.

　　他说，大公司名义上对养殖户会进行技术指导，但难以全程监管养殖户的行为，收购签约养殖户出栏的产品很难做到每批都检测，而抽检频率通常也较低。

He said,Big company name on farmers will provide technical guidance,But the householders to supervision behavior,Purchase contract farmers market product is hard to do every batch of all testing,And sampling frequency is usually lower.

　　他说：“5000只鸡抽检三五只都算好的。”尽管农业部出台了《允许使用的饲料添加剂品种目录》、《动物源性食品中兽药最高残留限量》等规定，但对于政府部门来说，养殖户过于分散，很难保证检测到位。有关部门对每批上市的禽畜类肉产品都进行抗生素残留等检测也很难做到。

He said:"5000 chickens check SanWuZhi would be good."Although the ministry of agriculture issued[Allows the use of feed additive species list]/[Animal-derived food highest veterinary drug residue limits]Provisions as,But for government departments for,Farmers too scattered,It was difficult to ensure that the detection in place.The relevant departments for each batch of listing of the livestock class meat products are carried on the antibiotic residues detection such as also hard to do.

　　据悉，山东省规模以上畜禽养殖场户已经有164万个，规模以上畜禽出栏比重由80%提高到94%。但是各类畜牧生产监测点仅有1200余个。

It is reported,Shandong province livestock and poultry farm households over the scale has 1.64 million,More than the proportion of livestock and poultry market scale increased from 80% to 94%.But all kinds of animal husbandry and production monitoring point only more than 1200.

　　对于非签约的分散养殖户来说，他们通常是自顾自地干，出栏后直接销售给私人屠宰和消费者。有关检疫部门的检疫工作在这方面难以有效开展。有规章却难监管，应该成为有关部门正视并加以解决的问题。

For not signing dispersion for farmers,They usually leave the dry land,After such direct sales to the private slaughtering and consumers.The quarantine department and quarantine work in this respect is difficult to effectively develop.But difficult to have rules and regulation,Should be the relevant departments to face up to and to solve the problem.

　　有了市场需求，不少饲料厂会积极主动地生产“有抗饲料”，而那些陷入“耐药性”恶性循环怪圈的养殖场或养殖户，又不得不对生病的禽畜加大抗生素的用药剂量。没有强硬的监督标准，没有强硬完善的监督机制和机构，基层诊断水平的缺失和基层诊断设备的缺失也给我们药物的使用带来一些漏洞。

The market demand,A lot of feed factory will actively production"Have resistance to feed",And those who are in"resistance"Vicious circle circle farms or operations,I have to sick livestock increase dosage of antibiotics.No strong supervisory standards,No strong perfect supervision mechanism and institutions,The lack of basic diagnostic level and the lack of the basic diagnostic equipment and give us the use of the drug bring some loopholes.

　　本报济南12月20日电

The jinan December and report