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　　近日，我国大部分地区遭遇持续雾霾天气的影响，空气污染加重。北京更是出现了2013年最高的“严重污染”级别，北京市首次启动了重污染日应急方案，这也是今年北京实施新的空气质量标准以来执行的方案。其通过网络、微博、电视、广播等渠道及时发布信息，建议市民尽量减少出行和户外停留时间。雾霾天气，健康成为人们最热门的话题。

recently,In most regions of China the encounter for fog haze weather,Air pollution.Beijing is the highest in 2013"Serious pollution"level,The first time you start the emergency plan, the heavy pollution,This is Beijing this year the new air quality standard implementation scheme since.Through the network/Micro bo/TV/Broadcast channel timely release information,Suggest citizens to try to reduce travel and outdoor residence time.Fog haze weather,Health became the most popular topic.

　　冬季易发雾霾天 Winter is prone to fog haze days

　　雾的相对湿度一般在90%以上，而霾在80%以下，但通常两者并存。能见度在1公里以下的称为雾，1公里以上但小于10公里的属于灰霾现象。我国冬季是雾霾天气的多发季节，雾霾形成的条件需要水汽，低温的水汽凝结以及冷空气较弱，这些天气条件都具备，雾霾天会自然出现。

The fog of relative humidity above 90% in general,And haze under 80%,But usually both concurrent.Visibility 1 km in the following called fog,1 km above but less than 10 kilometers of belongs to the grey haze phenomena.Our winter is fog haze weather multiple season,Fog haze formation conditions need to water vapor,Low temperature water vapor condensation and weak cold air,These weather conditions are met,Fog haze days will appear natural.

　　专家表示，由于雾中的水汽很大，空气中的化学物质特别是有害气体，如二氧化硫、二氧化氮遇到水汽后容易形成小颗粒，并积聚在一起然后下沉。这些附着着诸多微生物、细菌、病毒的可吸入颗粒物进入人体呼吸道后，首先会刺激和破坏我们的气管黏膜。人体的气管黏膜主要有两种作用，一是杀灭有害病毒及细菌及抵抗它们进入肺部组织；二是把有毒有害物质排出体外。随着这种颗粒物吸入量的增多，保护人体的第一道关卡的气管黏膜遭到破坏后，这些颗粒物将进而损伤肺部，导致人体呼吸系统及其他系统疾病。

Experts say,Due to the fog water vapor in the great,The air chemicals especially harmful gas,Such as so2/Nitrogen dioxide meet water vapor to form small particles,And accumulate together and then sink.These attached many microorganisms/bacteria/The virus enters the body of particulates after the respiratory tract,First will stimulate and destroy our tracheal mucosa.Tracheal mucosa of the human body basically has two kinds of effect,One is to destroy harmful viruses and bacteria and their resistance in lung tissue;The second is the poisonous and harmful material discharge in vitro.With the increase of the particles suction,To protect the human body the first hurdle of tracheal mucosa after damage,These particles will then damage the lungs,Lead to human respiratory system and other system disease.

　　北京大学环境健康研究团队在国际权威期刊发表的研究结果显示，空气污染可能首先诱发呼吸道局部氧化应激和炎症，进而导致全身性炎症和氧化性损伤。此外研究结果显示,大气细颗粒物及气态污染物暴露后数小时内，污染物浓度增加与交感/副交感神经功能的降低和血压的升高具有显著关联，全身低炎症水平和肥胖可能进一步加剧污染物急性暴露的心血管功能损伤。

Peking University environmental health research team in an authoritative international journals, the results show that,Air pollution may first cause respiratory local oxidative stress and inflammation,And then lead to systemic inflammation and oxidizing damage.In addition the results of the study show,Atmospheric fine particulate and gaseous pollutants exposure after several hours,Pollutant concentration increase and sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve function is lower and the rise of blood pressure has significant correlation,The whole body low inflammation level and obesity may be further aggravate pollutants acute exposure of cardiovascular function damage.

锻炼会吸入更多有害物质 Exercise can inhale more harmful substances

　　不论什么天气，有些人锻炼身体从不间断。其实，有毅力是好事，但天天坚持也未必正确，比如雾霾天锻炼就有些得不偿失。雾霾天污染物与空气中的水汽相结合，变得不易扩散与沉降，使得污染物大部分聚集在人们经常活动的高度。而且，一些有害物质与水汽结合，会变得毒性更大，如二氧化硫变成硫酸或亚硫化物，氯气水解为氯化氢或次氯酸，氟化物水解为氟化氢。因此，雾霾天空气的污染比平时要严重得多。还有一个原因也需要强调一下，那就是组成雾核的颗粒很容易被人吸入，并容易在人体内滞留，而锻炼身体时吸入空气的量比平时多很多，雾霾天锻炼身体吸入的颗粒会很多，更加剧了有害物质对人体的损害程度。

No matter what the weather,Some people never give physical exercise.In fact,Perseverance is a good thing,But the day is not correct,Such as fog haze days exercise is some the loss outweights the gain.Fog haze days with water vapor in the air pollutants combination,Become not easy diffusion and settlement,Most of the pollutants that people often gathered in the height of the activities.and,Some harmful substance and combined with water vapor,Will become more toxic,Such as so2 into sulfuric acid or the sulfide,Chlorine hydrolysis for hydrogen chloride or hypochlorous acid,Fluoride hydrolysis for hydrogen fluoride.so,Fog haze days air pollution is more serious than usual.There is a reason also need to emphasize the,It is composed of fog nuclear particle is very easy to be inhaled,And easy in the human body retention,And when the exercise amount of air inhaled a lot more than usual,Fog haze days exercise of inhaled particles will be many,Made worse by harmful substances to human body damage.

　　如长时间滞留在严重污染的环境中，人体会吸入更多的有害物质，消耗营养，造成肌体内损，极易诱发或加重疾病，尤其是一些患有支气管哮喘、肺炎等呼吸系统疾病的人，会出现正常的血液循环阻碍，导致心血管病、高血压、冠心病、脑溢血等。

If long time retention in the serious pollution of the environment,Human body suction more harmful substances,Consumption nutrition,In the body cause damage,Easily induced or severity of the disease,Especially some with bronchial asthma/Pneumonia and respiratory system diseases,Will appear normal blood circulation block,Lead to cardiovascular disease/hypertension/Coronary heart disease/edema.

　污染严重可诱发疾病 Pollution can cause disease

　　专家表示，近期，空气污染会使很多有鼻炎或肺炎的人明显感觉不适，医院也出现了感冒、肺炎、鼻炎等病患明显增多的情况。根据今年1月1日开始实行《环境空气质量标准》，当遭遇到重度污染的时候，心脏病和肺病患者的症状会明显加剧，运动的耐受力会降低，健康人群会普遍出现症状，儿童和老年人以及心脏病、肺病患者应该留在室内，停止户外运动，一般人群也应减少户外运动。

Experts say,recent,Air pollution will make many have rhinitis or pneumonia were significantly feeling unwell,The hospital also appeared a cold/pneumonia/Rhinitis etc. With the significant increase in.According to this year on January 1, began to implement[Ambient air quality standard],When encounter severe pollution of the time,Heart disease and symptoms in patients with lung disease can significantly increased,Movement of the tolerance will reduce,Healthy people will common symptoms,Children and the elderly, and heart disease/Pulmonary disease patients should stay indoors,Stop outdoor sports,In the general population should also reduce the outdoor sports.

　　北大公共卫生学院环境与健康专家潘小川强调，污染严重时，室内的污染程度会比室外好很多，因此应尽量减少室外暴露的时间，减少开窗。如果只是在室外很短的时间不必戴口罩，时间长了，普通的口罩有一定的防护效果。不过对于呼吸系统不好的人来说，戴口罩可能也有副作用。“戴口罩很憋气，老年人本来就呼吸困难，可能也容易诱发心脏病。”潘小川说，通常重污染时，会诱发一些呼吸系统和心血管疾病的急性症状，有这些病的患者更应注意。

Peking University school of public health, environment and health experts PanXiaoChuan stressed,Pollution serious when,Indoor pollution degree would be a lot better than outdoor,So try to reduce the outdoor exposure time,Reduce window.If just outside a very short period of time don't have to wear a face mask,Time long,Ordinary mask has certain protective effect.But for respiratory bad people,Wear a face mask may have side effects."Wear a face mask is labored breathing,The elderly was difficulty breathing,May also easy to cause heart disease."PanXiaoChuan said,Usually when heavy pollution,Can cause some respiratory and cardiovascular disease of acute symptoms,These disease patients should pay attention to more.

　　据了解，根据目前流感防控形势，京城各大医院的院内防控工作已经“升级”。一些医院的急诊科、呼吸门诊、感染科等流感病人较多的重点科室的医务人员已经全部要求佩戴N95口罩。

It is understood,According to the current situation of influenza prevention and control,City each big hospital in prevention and control work has been"upgrade".Some hospital emergency department/Respiratory outpatient service/Infectious disease and influenza patients more key departments by the medical staff have all worn for N95 respirator.

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　　雾霾天怎样选戴口罩？ Fog haze days how to choose to wear masks?

　　普通、灭菌、棉布、活性炭，再加上这些天在网上商城热销的N95、N99型口罩……雾霾天气中，到底应该选择什么样的口罩呢？

common/sterilization/cotton/Activated carbon,Add these days in online mall of sell like hot cakes N95/N99 type mask...Fog haze weather,What should I choose what kind of mask?

　　北京朝阳医院呼吸科副主任医师曹志新认为，从专业角度来讲，N95、N99最有效的是防控烈性呼吸道传染病的传播，比如说SARS或者流感，因为口罩的过滤效率越高，造成的呼吸阻力就越大，长时间戴着对身体也有影响。

Beijing chaoyang hospital respiratory medicine of doctor of vice director of CaoZhiXin think,From professional perspective,N95/N99 the most effective is the spread of infectious diseases prevention and control strong respiratory tract,Such as SARS or the flu,Because the mask of filtration efficiency is higher,The greater the resistance caused by breathing,Long time wearing also have an effect to the body.

　　对气候变化较为敏感的市民，可以选择佩戴一次性医用外科口罩或者12层以上纱布口罩。而医用护理口罩外包装上标注的灭菌级和普通级指的是口罩本身的洁净程度，与过滤效果无关，市民在选择时可以认准“药监械准字”。

More sensitive to climate change of citizens,Can choose to wear disposable medical surgical mask or 12 layer above gauze mask.And medical care mask on the outer package labeled sterilization level and average level refers to the mask itself clean degree,Has nothing to do with the filtering effect,People can look when the choice"Gave also approved by the".

　　曹志新建议，应尽量减少外出；外出时戴口罩防护身体，防止污染物由鼻、口侵入肺部；外出归来后，应立即清洗面部及裸露肌肤；减少户外锻炼并关闭门窗；大雾天气时应紧闭门窗，避免室外雾气进入室内污染室内空气。喻京英 文/图

CaoZhiXin Suggestions,Should decrease as far as possible to go out;Go out wearing a mask protective body,Prevent pollutants from the nose/Mouth into the lungs;Out after returning from the,Should immediately clean face and bare skin;Reduce outdoor exercise and close doors and Windows;The fog weather should be closed doors and Windows,Avoid outdoor fog into indoor pollution of indoor air.Yu jing British text/diagram