恶性肿瘤高居 深圳居民死因榜首 Malignant tumor at shenzhen residents top cause of death

肿瘤家族史人群可进行基因早期筛查 The family history of cancer gene can be early screening

　　“晚期”这两个字，对于绝大多数癌症患者来说，无疑是一道死亡宣判书，这也是很多医生不愿意听到的。但是，不少肿瘤医生发现，在接诊的癌症患者中，70%的人已是晚期。

"late"The two words,For the vast majority of patients with cancer for,No doubt is a death sentence book,This is also a lot of doctors don't want to hear.but,Many cancer doctors found,In accepts the cancer patients,70% of the people is already late.

　　从2009年开始，恶性肿瘤一直高居深圳居民死因榜首。在世界癌症日(2月4日)即将到来之际，深圳市抗癌协会和深圳市肿瘤研究所联合举办了防癌抗癌公益活动，活动主题为“癌症的家族遗传性和肿瘤易感基因早期筛查”。

Starting from 2009,Malignant tumors have been at shenzhen residents top cause of death.In the world, cancer(February 4,)Is approaching,Shenzhen anti-cancer association and shenzhen cancer institute jointly held cancer prevention and fighting against cancer public welfare activities,Activities, with the theme of"Cancer family hereditary and tumor susceptibility genes early screening".

　　参与活动的专家表示，肿瘤的筛查和预警检测非常重要，早发现、早诊断、早治疗是提高肿瘤患者生存率最根本的措施。深圳市人民医院和深圳华因康基因科技有限公司共同建立了“深圳高发恶性肿瘤易感基因早期筛查平台”，为肿瘤高危人群尤其是有家族遗传史的高危人群提供易感基因早期筛查。

Participate in activities of the experts said,Cancer screening and early warning detection is very important,Early detection/Early diagnosis/Early treatment is to improve the survival rate of patients with cancer the fundamental measures.Shenzhen city people's hospital and shenzhen China for kang gene technology co., LTD. Is established jointly"Shenzhen high malignant tumor susceptibility genes early screening platform",For tumor high-risk groups, especially a family history of genetic susceptibility genes high-risk groups to provide early screening.

深圳癌症逐年高发 Shenzhen cancer high-risk year by year

　　国际抗癌联盟推出的今年世界癌症日主题为：“您了解癌症吗？”旨在消除人们对癌症的错误认知，消除公众对癌症治疗的恐惧，引导公众养成健康的生活方式，注重早发现、早诊断、早治疗，提高生存质量，实现减缓并最终控制癌症死亡率增长这一目标。

International cancer union launched the world cancer this year, the theme:"You understand the cancer?"Aims to eliminate people on cancer mistake cognition,Eliminate the public fear cancer treatment,Guide the public to develop healthy way of life,Pay attention to early detection/Early diagnosis/Early treatment,Improving quality of life,Slow down and eventually to realize control cancer mortality growth this goal.

　　活动中，深圳卫生部门透露，由于环境变化和生活习惯改变等因素的影响，深圳每万人口肿瘤疾病死亡率已从2002年的1.3%上升到2011年的1.92%。从2009年开始，恶性肿瘤一直高居居民死因首位。从2005年开始，因癌症死亡的病人占据住院死亡病人的首位，且最近三年占了医院死亡病人的约1/3。2012年度深圳肿瘤登记报告也显示，常住人口新发恶性肿瘤11321例，较上一年度增加331例，深圳的癌症呈现逐年高发的严峻态势。

activities,Shenzhen health department said,Due to the environmental changes and changes in lifestyle the influence of such factors,Shenzhen per population tumor disease mortality rate has risen from 1.3% in 2002 to 1.92% in 2011.Starting from 2009,Malignant tumors have been the cause of death at the residents.Starting from 2005,Death from cancer patients occupy the first patients died in hospital,And the last three years of the hospital death patient 1/3.2012 shenzhen tumor registration report also display,The resident population of 11321 new cases of malignant tumor patients,A one year increase of 331 cases,Shenzhen cancer presents the situation of high year by year.

　　专家表示，至少有30%以上的癌症是可以预防的。比如说，烟草的使用是全世界癌症死亡单一最大可避免的风险因素，估计每年导致了22%的癌症死亡以及全球71%的肺癌死亡，在深圳，肺癌也是排名第一的恶性肿瘤。饮食不合理和运动缺乏，如高体重指数、水果和蔬菜摄入量低、缺乏运动等是诱发癌症的第二大因素，但可以通过采取健康饮食、运动来预防。通过实施计划免疫，可以防止人乳头瘤病毒引起的宫颈癌，乙肝病毒引起的肝癌。其他肿瘤，如乳腺癌、宫颈癌、口腔癌和结直肠癌等，如果早发现、早治疗，也有很高的治愈率。

Experts say,At least 30% of the cancer can be prevented.For instance,Tobacco use is the single largest cancer death can avoid risk factors,Estimates that led to 22% of cancer deaths and 71% of the world's lung cancer death,In shenzhen,Lung cancer is also top of the malignant tumor.Diet is not reasonable and the lack of movement,Such as high body mass index/Fruit and vegetable intake low/The lack of movement caused cancer is the second factor,But can through the adoption of a healthy diet/Movement to prevent.Through the implementation of planned immunity,Can prevent human papillomavirus cause cervical cancer,The hepatitis b virus (HBV) causes liver cancer.Other tumors,Such as breast cancer/Cervical cancer/Oral cancer and colorectal cancer, etc,If found early/Early treatment,Also has a high cure rate.

四大恶瘤有家族聚集性 Four malignant tumor have familial aggregation

　　除了外部环境、个人饮食习惯外，遗传和基因是诱发癌症发生的一个不可逆转因素。深圳市人民医院肿瘤研究所主任申维玺介绍，在临床上，医生在追溯恶性肿瘤患者家人健康状况时，常会发现其父母、子女、兄弟姐妹或家族其他成员也会有此类或相关恶性肿瘤病史，这被称为恶性肿瘤的家族聚集现象。

In addition to the external environment/The personal eating habits,Genetic and gene induced cancer is one of the inevitable factors.Shenzhen city people's hospital, director of the cancer research institute ShenWeiXi is introduced,In the clinical,The doctor trace back to the malignant tumor patient family health condition,Often find their parents/children/Brothers and sisters or other family members will also have such or related history of malignant tumor,This is called malignant tumor family gathered phenomenon.

　　当然，家族聚集现象并不等于遗传。具有家族聚集现象的肿瘤，或称为家族性肿瘤，包括遗传性肿瘤和遗传易感性肿瘤。遗传性肿瘤在肿瘤的发生、发展过程中，遗传因素起主要作用，具有这些遗传因子的人不管所处环境如何，最终几乎都会患恶性肿瘤。“所幸的是，遗传性肿瘤只占家族性肿瘤的10%左右。”申维玺说，在更多的情况下，遗传的只是易感基因，在个体易感染的状况下，如果再发生体细胞突变，突变细胞就容易转化为肿瘤细胞，“也就是说，上一代传给下一代的并非疾病本身，而是在相同的环境因素作用下，有这些遗传因子的人比正常人更容易患肿瘤”。

Of course,Family gathered phenomenon is not equal to the genetic.Has the family gathered phenomenon of tumors,Or called familial tumor,Including hereditary tumors and genetic susceptibility tumor.Hereditary tumors in the tumor/Development process,Genetic factor plays the leading role,With these genetic factor of people, no matter how the environment,Almost all final with malignant tumor."The good news is that,Hereditary tumors account for only about 10% of the familial tumor."ShenWeiXi said,In many cases,Genetic susceptibility genes only,In the individual easy under the condition of infection,If happen again somatic mutation,Mutant cell is easy to translate into tumor cells,"that,A generation to the next generation of is not the disease itself,But in the same environment under the action of factors,These genetic factor than normal people are more likely to suffer from cancer".

　　在目前常见高发的恶性肿瘤中，乳腺癌、结直肠癌、卵巢癌、胃癌四大恶性肿瘤都有“家族聚集性”。申维玺介绍，乳腺癌是女性中发病率最高的恶性肿瘤，15%—20%具有家族聚集性，其中5%—10%为遗传性乳腺癌。结直肠癌的遗传倾向明显，有20%—30%的患者有家族聚集性，其中约半数为遗传性大肠癌。卵巢癌中3%—13%具有家族聚集性，其诊断平均年龄为48—51岁。有胃癌家族史的人群，胃癌患病风险是普通人群的1.5—3.5倍，胃癌家族聚集倾向仅次于结直肠癌和乳腺癌，遗传性胃癌在胃癌中占了5%—10%。

In the present high incidence of common in malignant tumor,Breast cancer/Colorectal cancer/Ovarian cancer/Gastric cancer four malignant tumor has"Familial aggregation".ShenWeiXi introduced,Breast cancer is the highest incidence in women malignant tumor,15% - 20% have familial aggregation,5% - 10% for hereditary breast cancer.Colorectal cancer genetic tendency obviously,20% - 30% of the patients have familial aggregation,Roughly half for hereditary colorectal cancer.Ovarian cancer is 3% - 13% familial aggregation,The diagnosis average age is - 51 years old.A family history of gastric cancer of the crowd,Gastric cancer risk in the general population is 1.5-3.5 times,Gastric cancer family gathered tendency after colorectal cancer and breast cancer,Hereditary gastric cancer in gastric cancer accounts for 5% - 10%.