卫生部日前就新修订的《职业病分类和目录(征求意见稿)》公开征求意见。调整后的《职业病分类和目录》包括10大类130种职业病。此次调整新增职业病17种，而将“医护人员因职业暴露感染艾滋病”列为职业病备受关注。此举可在一定程度上消除艾滋病医务人员的后顾之忧，对于稳定艾滋病防控队伍具有积极意义。不过，专家表示，保护艾滋病医护人员权益期待更多措施。

Ministry of health has new revised[Occupational disease classification and catalogue(draft)]Public to solicit their opinions.After the adjustment[Occupational disease classification and catalogue]Including 10 categories 130 kind of occupational disease.The adjustment of the 17 kinds of occupational disease,And will"Medical staff due to occupational exposure to HIV infection"As concern about the occupational disease.This can be in a certain extent eliminate AIDS medical staff of the trouble back at home,HIV/AIDS prevention and control for stable team has a positive meaning.but,Experts say,Protection AIDS health care workers rights are looking forward to more measures.

　　医务人员有万分之三的感染率 Medical staff have three over ten thousand of the infection rate

　　得知医务人员因职业暴露感染艾滋病将纳入职业病范畴，从事了15年多艾滋病护理工作的北京地坛医院红丝带之家办公室主任王克荣十分高兴。“15年前我刚被调到艾滋病护理病房时，确实有些害怕，甚至不敢将此事告诉家人。当时我对艾滋病不了解，只知道这种病会传染，而且没法治。”

That medical staff, due to occupational exposure to HIV/AIDS infection will be included in occupational disease category,Engaged in more than 15 years of AIDS nursing work Beijing ditan hospital red ribbon home office director WangKeRong very happy."15 years ago, I have just been transferred to the AIDS care ward,Does have some fear,Even dare not to tell his family.At that time I don't know about HIV/AIDS,Only know that the disease will spread,And not the rule of law."

　　如今面对艾滋病患者，王克荣内心没有了疑虑，因为她知道艾滋病并不可怕，只要严格按照操作规程护理并做好消毒工作，就不会感染。

Now in the face of HIV/AIDS patients,WangKeRong heart without a doubt,Because she knew that AIDS is not terrible,As long as in strict accordance with the operation procedure of nursing and disinfection work,Won't infection.

　　全国政协委员、中国中医科学院中医药防治艾滋病研究中心常务副主任王健称，艾滋病病毒和乙肝、丙肝病毒的传播途径相似，但处理起来要比乙肝、丙肝病毒更容易，它在体外存活的能力较差，普通酒精、洗手液即可将其杀死。

The national political consultative conference (CPPCC)/China's traditional Chinese medicine of traditional Chinese medicine academy of sciences, the prevention and control of AIDS research center, deputy director of the standing yongchang says,The AIDS virus and hepatitis b/Hepatitis c virus transmission way similar,But processing up than hepatitis b/Hepatitis c virus more easily,It in vitro survival ability is bad,Ethyl alcohol/Liquid soap can kill it.

　　万里有一。王克荣说，即便严格按照操作规程进行手术和护理，仍有可能发生意外。这种意外在骨科、肿瘤科、妇产科等经常做手术的科室会有发生。前不久，她所在的北京地坛医院就有一位医生在给艾滋病患者做手术时，手指被扎了一下。

WanLiYou a.WangKeRong said,Even if in strict accordance with the procedures for the operation and nursing,There are still possible accident.This kind of accident in orthopedics/oncology/Department of gynaecology and obstetrics, and so often do surgery department would have happened.Not long ago,She in the Beijing ditan hospital is a doctor in AIDS patients to do the operation,A finger was taken.

　　这种意外的几率是多少？王健表示，国外的统计表明，医务人员因职业暴露感染艾滋病的几率是万分之三。

How much is this kind of accident probability?Kenneth wang said,Statistics show that abroad,Medical staff occupational exposure because of the risk of HIV infection is three over ten thousand.

　　我国虽然没有类似统计数字，但中国疾病预防控制中心公布的数字显示，2011年全国职业暴露总人数为1043人，其中来自医疗机构直接因为医疗操作暴露的700多人。

Our country although there is no similar statistics,But China's centers for disease control and prevention published digital display,The 2011 national occupational exposure and total number of 1043 people,From the medical institution for medical operation directly exposed more than 700 people.

　　据卫生部的最新统计，截至2012年10月底，全国累计报告艾滋病病毒感染者和病人492191例，存活的感染者和病人383285例。“很多感染者和病人合并有其他疾病，而一旦进行创伤性治疗，医护人员就有可能被感染。所以说，从事艾滋病医护是一种高危职业，将其纳入职业病范畴十分必要，可使医护人员的权益得到一定保障，心理得到一定安慰。”王健称。

According to the latest statistics of the ministry of health,By the end of October 2012,The cumulative report of AIDS virus infection and 492191 patients,Survival of the patients and 383285 patients."A lot of infected people and patients with other diseases,And once traumatic treatment,Medical researchers may be infected.so,Engaged in AIDS health care is a high-risk profession,Be included in the occupational disease category is very necessary,Can make the medical workers' rights and interests must guarantee,To obtain a certain psychological comfort."Kenneth wang said.

　　隐瞒病史将加大医务人员感染风险 Conceal history will strengthen medical staff infection risk

　　谈到艾滋病医护人员的职业暴露，王克荣谈到了前不久发生的“小峰”事件。2012年11月13日，中国艾滋病病毒携带者联盟华北区域负责人李虎通过微博发出一条消息，天津25岁的肺癌患者小峰(化名)因术前被查出携带艾滋病病毒，在求医时屡次遭拒。后来通过私改病历隐瞒病情，才最终在另一家医院进行了手术。

When it comes to HIV/AIDS medical staff occupational exposure,WangKeRong talked about recently happened"Small peak"events.On November 13, 2012,China AIDS virus carriers union north China area manager LiHu through the micro bo issued a message,Tianjin 25 patients with lung cancer small peak(alias)For preoperative was found infected with the AIDS virus,When the doctor repeatedly rejected.Then through the SiGai medical records to hide the illness,Finally in another hospital for surgery.

　　“卫生部将医护人员因职业暴露感染艾滋病纳入职业病范畴，一方面是因为专家的长期呼吁，另一方面可能缘于‘小峰’事件的推动。”王克荣称。

"Health department staff due to occupational exposure to HIV infection in occupational disease category,On the one hand, because of the long called for experts,On the other hand may be due‘Small peak’Events promote."WangKeRong says.

　　王健表示，小峰的遭遇是社会长期对艾滋病“污名化”的结果，说明在我国消除对艾滋病患者的歧视任重道远。同时，医务人员并没有执行国务院颁布的《艾滋病防治条例》中“医疗机构不得因就诊的病人是艾滋病病人，推诿或者拒绝对其其他疾病进行治疗”的规定。

Kenneth wang said,Small peak experience is social long-term of AIDS"stigmatized"results,In our country that to eliminate discrimination against AIDS patients shoulder heavy responsibilities.At the same time,Medical staff did not implement the state council promulgated[Regulations on AIDS prevention and control]in"Medical institutions must not because of a patient is AIDS patient,Shuffle or refuse to the other disease treatment"regulations.

　　不过王健说，我们也要理解医务人员，他们也是人。由于宣传教育不到位，很多医务人员并不像我们专业人员这样深入了解艾滋病，他们害怕被感染。而且《条例》同样规定:艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人就医时，应当将感染或者发病的事实如实告知接诊医生。“艾滋病医护人员应该享有知情权，患者隐瞒病情将加大医护人员的感染风险，特别是经常进行创伤性治疗的医务人员。”王健称。

But while jian said,We also want to understand the medical staff,They are people.Due to the propaganda education does not reach the designated position,A lot of medical personnel is not like our professionals such in-depth understanding of AIDS,They fear of being infected.and[regulations]The same regulation: the AIDS virus infection and AIDS patient when go to a doctor,Shall the infection or the fact truthfully inform the accepts the doctor."AIDS health care workers should enjoy the right to know,Patients hide condition will strengthen medical personnel risk of infection,Especially the regular traumatic treatment of medical staff."Kenneth wang said.

　　“《艾滋病防治条例》、《传染病防治法》等都有医护人员应享有患者是否感染传染病知情权的规定，但一直没有具体执行措施。”王克荣表示，此次“医护人员因职业暴露感染艾滋病”将纳入职业病范畴是一个很大的进步，医护人员一旦感染可以申请赔偿，有了一定保障。

"[Regulations on AIDS prevention and control]/[The prevention and control of infectious diseases]And so on all have medical personnel shall have the right to know whether patients with infectious diseases of the provisions of the infection,But there has been no specific implementation measures."WangKeRong said,the"Medical staff due to occupational exposure to HIV infection"Will be included in occupational disease category is a great progress,Medical staff once the infection can apply for compensation,Have a certain security.

　　传染病医务人员的卫生津贴亟待提高 Infectious disease medical personnel to improve the health benefit

　　仅将医务人员因职业暴露感染艾滋病纳入职业病范畴还不够，王健认为，还应尽快提高包括艾滋病、病毒性肝炎等所有传染病医务人员的卫生津贴。

Only the medical staff due to occupational exposure to HIV infection in occupational disease category is not enough,Yongchang think,Should also improve including AIDS as soon as possible/Viral hepatitis, etc all infectious diseases medical personnel health allowance.

　　经历了2003年的“非典”，我国政府对传染病的防控重视程度大大提高，硬件设施显著改善，但传染病医务人员的卫生津贴已20多年未调整。王健表示，从上世纪90年代初开始，我国传染病医务人员的卫生津贴一直是每月30元。随着社会经济的不断发展、生活成本的不断增加、物价水平的不断上涨，现行津贴标准根本不能体现医务人员所承担的职业风险和劳动价值，也起不到稳定传染病防治队伍的作用。

Through the 2003"SARS",Chinese government for prevention and control of infectious diseases emphasis greatly improved,Improve the hardware facilities,But infectious disease medical personnel health allowance has twenty years not adjust.Kenneth wang said,Since the 1990 s,Infectious diseases in the medical staff of the health benefit has been 30 yuan per month.With the economic and social development/The cost of living increase/Prices continue to rise,The current allowance standard can't reflect to medical personnel professional risk and labor value,Also do not rise to stable the role of the prevention and control of infectious diseases team.

　　王健曾到北京地坛医院做过调查。近三四年来，该院一共有51名医护人员调离，招聘符合标准的医护人员更是困难。特别是每次遇到突发传染病时，都会出现一部分医务人员调离的现象。

WangJianCeng to Beijing ditan hospital made investigation.Nearly three or four years,A total of 51 people hospital medical personnel transfer,Recruitment standard medical personnel is difficult.Especially when every time they meet a burst of infectious diseases,Part of the medical staff will appear the phenomenon of transfer.

　　“艾滋病医务人员的情况更糟糕。20多年前和我一起去非洲从事艾滋病工作的医生有五六十个，到现在只剩几个人在坚守。原因很简单:工作很辛苦、很难出成绩；艾滋病是国家免费治疗，没有效益，收入低；存在一定的安全风险。”王健表示，目前部队传染病医院已将卫生津贴提高至每人每月1500元，结合当前经济发展状况和物价指数变化，建议大中城市传染病医院卫生津贴应调整到这个水平；其他城市传染病医院也应结合当地经济状况做适当调整。

"AIDS medical personnel situation worse.Twenty years ago, and I go to Africa in AIDS doctors have WuLiuShiGe,Now there are only a few people in the hold.The reason is very simple: work very hard/Hard to the result;AIDS is a country free treatment,No benefit,Low income;There are some safety risk."Kenneth wang said,At present forces the infectious disease hospital has to increase the health allowance per 1500 yuan a month,Combined with the current economic development status and price index change,Suggest large and medium-sized cities in the infectious disease hospital health allowance should be adjusted to this level;Other cities the infectious disease hospital also should be combined with local economic conditions make appropriate adjustment.

　　王克荣表示，传染病防控依然是我国重要的公共卫生问题。为了建立一支稳定的防控队伍，从长远来看，应该效法欧美等西方国家，为传染病医务人员办理意外伤害险。这种办法既是传染病防控的需要，也是以人为本的体现。（李木元）

WangKeRong said,Infectious diseases prevention and control is still an important public health problem in China.In order to build a stable team of prevention and control,In the long run,Should emulate Europe and the United States and other western countries,For infectious disease medical personnel to deal with accident injury insurance.This way is not only the needs of the prevention and control of infectious diseases,Is the embodiment of the people-oriented.(LiMuYuan)