1农村学生发育迟缓 1 the countryside student delays

　　

膳食结构不合理，动物性食物摄入量低，农村儿童的身高、体重均落后于同龄城市儿童 Dietary structure is not reasonable，Animal food intake low，Rural the height of children、Weight behind their peers are city children

　　《中国儿童少年营养与健康报告2012》日前在京发布。报告由中国学生营养与健康促进会和中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所联合发布，主题为“改善农村学生营养，共同托起民族未来”。

《China children and teenagers' nutrition and health report 2012》Recently released in Beijing。The report by the China council for the promotion of students' nutrition and health and Chinese disease prevention and control center nutrition and food safety have jointly issued，Theme for“Improve the countryside student nutrition，Hold up national future together”。

　　中国学生营养与健康促进会副会长、中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所副所长马冠生介绍，我国农村学生营养健康状况明显改善，但农村学生营养存在诸多问题。膳食结构不合理、营养不良，仍然是我国农村地区、尤其是贫困农村地区面临的主要公共卫生问题。农村学生普遍面临“营养贫困”：近一半的学生不能保证每天三顿饭，动物性食物摄入量低。长期下来，这样的膳食会引起能量、蛋白质、钙、维生素A缺乏，从而导致营养不良、生长发育迟缓、身体抵抗力差等现象。

Chinese students nutrition and health promotion agency vice-chairman、China disease prevention and control center nutrition and food security, deputy director MaGuanSheng introduced，China's rural the nutrition and health condition of students obviously improved，But the countryside student nutrition has many problems。Dietary structure is not reasonable、malnutrition，Still is our country rural areas、Especially the poor rural areas of the primal public health problem。The rural students generally face“Nutrition poverty”：Nearly half of the students can't guarantee three meals every day，Animal food intake low。Come down for a long time，This diet can cause energy、protein、calcium、Lack of vitamin a，Thus lead to malnutrition、stunting、Poor body resistance phenomenon。

　　据《2010年我国农村寄宿制学校学生食物消费现况》调查：一个月中，1/3的学生吃不到肉，2/3的学生吃不到鸡蛋，4/5的学生喝不到牛奶，35%的学生每天只能吃到1种蔬菜，主要是土豆、白菜、萝卜等。

According to《In 2010 China's rural boarding school students food consumption status》survey：A month，One third of the students could not eat meat，Two-thirds of the students to eat less than eggs，4/5 of the students cannot drink the milk，35% of the students every day can only eat to 1 kind of vegetables，Mainly is the potatoes、cabbage、Turnip, etc。

　　《2010年全国学生体质健康调研报告》披露，我国农村地区特别是贫困农村地区，儿童的身高、体重均落后于同龄城市儿童。

《2010 national student physical health survey report》disclosure，In rural areas, especially poor rural areas，The height of children、Weight behind their peers are city children。

　　马冠生认为，营养不良造成劳动生产力损失，给社会带来沉重的经济负担。据测算， 2010年我国因营养不良造成的经济损失为1.6万亿元。

MaGuanSheng think，Malnutrition caused by labor productivity losses，Brings to the society of heavy economic burden。According to estimates， In 2010, because of poor nutrition cause economic loss of 1.6 trillion yuan。

　　中国学生营养与健康促进会副秘书长胡小琪指出，大多数的农村中小学虽然开设了健康教育课，但无课时保证，普遍存在教材内容陈旧、师资配备不足等问题。营养健康教育课没有开展，学生、教师及家长营养知识匮乏，未能利用现有资源改善孩子的营养状况。

Chinese students nutrition and health promotion association deputy secretary-general HuXiaoQi said，Most of the rural primary and middle school although opened the health awareness classes，But no class guarantee，Widespread old teaching material contents、Teachers equipped with such problems。The nutrition and health educational sessions no development，students、Teachers and parents lack of nutrition knowledge，Failed to use of the present resources to improve nutritional status of the children。

　　

23元钱是午餐补助 23 money is lunch allowance

　　3元钱是用来补助学生餐，而不是政府全包的免费午餐。实施营养改善计划后，学生可以再加上一个鸡蛋、一杯牛奶

3 yuan money is used to aid students meal，The package, not the government free lunch。Implement nutrition improve after the plan，Students can add an egg、A cup of milk

　　5月9日上午11时许，记者来到云南省石林彝族自治县板桥中学食堂时，工作人员正在准备午餐。当天中午，板桥中学提供的学生营养餐为青笋肉丝和青椒肉丝，学生可根据是否吃辣从中任选一种。

On May 9 at about 11 am，The reporter comes to yunnan yi autonomous county high school cafeteria stone forest slab，Staff is preparing for lunch。At noon on the，Middle school students of slab provides nutrient food for green bamboo shoots shredded meat and green pepper shredded meat，Students can eat spicy according to whether to choose a。

　　11时50分，放学铃响，学生们涌向食堂。在挂有“营养窗口”标识牌的窗口前，很快排起长队。学生凭一张签有本人姓名的“营养餐票”免费领取一份炒肉。初一(1)班学生槐丽萍家住小戈丈村，父母都是农民，过去每周只能吃两顿肉。打好免费的青椒肉丝，槐丽萍说：“这顿午饭我花9毛钱买一份素菜，花3毛钱买二两饭，一共1块2毛就够了，很便宜。”

11 at，The bell school，The students flocked to the dining room。Hang on a“Nutrition window”The sign of the Windows，Queuing up soon。Students with a signed by oneself name“Its ticket”Free to receive a Fried meat。month(1)The students of class in my wife XiaoGe zhangs village tree，Parents are farmers，The past two meals a week can only eat meat。Good free green pepper shredded meat，Huai said my wife：“This lunch I spend nine cents for a vegetarian dishes，Take 3 cents for two two rice，Total 1 piece of 2 hair is enough，Very cheap。”

　　石林教育局教育科科长董金臣说，为确保每人每天3元的营养膳食补助能够吃到学生肚子里，全县明确要求，生猪肉按每天每名学生二两的标准购买，瘦肉比例必须达到80%，从而杜绝了学校各自为政、缺斤短两和克扣学生营养补助的情况。

The stone forest bureau of education section section chief DongJinChen said，To ensure that each person every day 3 yuan could eat nutritious meal allowance to students in the stomach，The county clear requirements，Born in pork per student every day two standard purchase，Lean meat must achieve 80% proportion，Thus eliminating the school each does things in his own way、QueJinDuanLiang and nutrition allowance of embezzle part of students。

　　石林北大村中心小学有1153名学生。学校的营养午餐是胡萝卜和韭菜花炒肉。食堂内公示栏中写道：一、二号窗口提供免费营养餐，三号窗口提供免费白菜汤。校长杨永亮说：“过去，周边村子的孩子都回家吃午饭，现在大家都愿意在学校吃，食堂里六七百人的桌椅已经不够坐了。”为此，学校采取错峰放学：一、二、三年级11时10分开饭，四年级11时20分开饭，五、六年级11时30分开饭。

The stone forest north village center elementary school has 1153 students。The school lunch nutrition is carrot and Chinese chive flower fry meat。The cafeteria in GongShiLan wrote：a、2 a window with its free，Number three window provide free cabbage soup。The principal YangYongLiang said：“In the past，Surrounding the village children back home for lunch，Now everybody would like to eat in school，The dining room chairs have not enough people could cost six or sit。”For this，The school take wrong peak after school：a、two、Three grade 11 10 separate when rice，Four grade 11 20 separate when rice，five、Six grade 11 30 separate rice。

　　石林板桥中学校长徐选林说，食堂里没有餐桌，学生打完饭菜就到食堂外的路边站着、蹲着一起吃。过去买不起肉菜的学生，常常不好意思跟其他同学一起吃，现在所有孩子吃的都一样了，大家从心理上感受到了平等。实施营养餐计划，相对贫困的学生有书读，还有肉吃，降低了辍学率。更为重要的是，营养餐让许多贫困学生找回了信心。

The stone forest slab bridge high school principal XuXuanLin said，Not in the dining room table，Students after the meal is to dining room roadside standing、Squat down eat together。The past can't afford meat dishes of the students，Often embarrassed with other students eat together，Now all children to eat all the same，Everyone from psychological feeling equal。Its implementation plan，The relative poverty students have read the book，And meat to eat，Reduce dropout rates。Even more important，For many poor students nutrient food back the confidence。

　　董金臣说：“个别学生家庭困难，全县中小学校提供免费蔬菜汤，与学生营养餐荤素搭配，对学生的营养补充和体质改善更有益处。”从2011年秋季学期起，国务院启动实施农村义务教育学生营养改善计划。在我国集中连片特殊困难地区开展试点，中央财政按照每生每天3元的标准，为试点地区农村义务教育阶段学生提供营养膳食补助。试点范围包括680个县(市)，中央财政每年需投入资金160多亿元，惠及所有农村义务教育阶段在校学生约2600万名，占中西部农村学生人数的近30%。

DongJinChen said：“Individual students family difficulties，The county in middle and primary schools provide free vegetable soup，And students with its element of meat，To student's nutrition and physical improve more beneficial。”From the 2011 fall semester up，The state council to launch implementation of rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan。In our country's concentrated special difficult areas pilot，The central government in accordance with the birth of the $3 per day standard，For rural compulsory education phase pilot area students provide nutritional meals subsidies。The scope includes 680 county(city)，Every year in the central finance to capital more than 160 yuan，Benefiting rural compulsory education phase all students about 26 million，The number of rural students of nearly 30%。

　　长期以来，一个馒头加一份水煮土豆，是很多贫困地区学校学生常吃的午餐。这样的午餐，显然达不到营养要求。实施营养改善计划后，学生可以再加上一个鸡蛋、一杯牛奶，增加蛋白质和钙的摄入量。

long，A steamed bread and a boiled potatoes，Is a lot of poor area school students often eat lunch。This lunch，Obviously not reach the nutritional requirements。Implement nutrition improve after the plan，Students can add an egg、A cup of milk，Increasing protein and calcium intake。

　　胡小琪说，对于贫困地区的学生来说，3元钱的作用不小。试点地区要依据当地的食物特点、烹调习惯、经济条件、学生营养状况以及季节特点等合理安排，适当增加肉类、鸡蛋、牛奶等动物性食品以及豆制品、新鲜蔬菜的摄入。

HuXiaoQi said，For the students in poor areas，3 yuan of money not small role。Pilot areas must be based on the characteristics of the local food、Cooking habits、Economic conditions、Students nutrition and features and reasonable arrangement，Appropriately increase meat、eggs、Milk and other animal food and soy products、Fresh vegetables intake。

　　“这3元钱是补助，用来补助学生餐，而不是政府全包的免费午餐。”马冠生强调，这些实施项目是在基本解决吃饭问题的基础上，保证学生午餐有足够的营养。

“The three yuan is subsidies，Used to aid students meal，The package, not the government free lunch。”MaGuanSheng emphasize，The implementation of project is in the basic solve problems on the basis of dinner，Ensure that the students have enough nutrition for lunch。

　　

3防止贫困代际传递 3 prevent intergenerational transmission of poverty

　　建议尽快出台中小学生营养改善的法律，为免费午餐营养计划提供法律保障，同时建立学生营养状况监测评估制度

Suggestions on nutrition improve as soon as possible primary and middle school students of the law，For free lunch nutrition program provides legal protection，At the same time create student nutrition monitoring and evaluation system

　　《石林农村义务教育学生营养改善计划实施方案》提出：每周为每生提供3份免费炒肉(每份3元)及2份学生奶加鸡蛋(学生奶200克，约1.7元；鸡蛋每个约1.3元)，以实物形式直接发放到学生手中。但计划实施两个多月来，石林的学生营养餐目前仍然只有肉类一种。

《The stone forest rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan implementation plan》Put forward：Weekly health for every provide 3 a free fry meat(Each 3 yuan)And two of their students and milk and eggs(Students with milk 200 grams，About 1.7 yuan；Eggs every 1.3 yuan)，In kind form directly distributed to students。But plans for more than two months，The stone forest of its students still only a kind of meat。

　　董金臣说，石林原本计划对牛奶、鸡蛋实行统一招标、统一提供。然而，有些山区小学教学点只有五六十名学生。送上山吧，成本高，算上运输成本，落到学生头上的就不到3块钱了。据了解，石林周边某县在对牛奶、鸡蛋实行统一招标时流标了，因为没有利润可图，暂时没有企业愿意做。

DongJinChen said，The stone forest had originally planned to milk、Eggs unified bidding、Unified provide。however，Some mountain area only 60 students ought to primary school。Send up the hill,，High cost，Counting the transportation cost，To the heads of the students is less than 3 yuan。According to understand，Some county in the stone forest around in milk、Eggs unified bidding flow standard，Because there is no profit can figure，No enterprise temporarily be willing to do。

　　采访过程中，有的学生表示“现在吃肉都吃怕了。”董金臣说，教育部门正在考虑如何丰富营养餐种类，尽可能多地变换花样，尽量让大部分学生都能接受。

Interview in，Some students said“Now eat meat are afraid。”DongJinChen said，Education department is considering how to enrich its species，As much as possible to change pattern，Try to make the most of the students can accept。

　　今年2月，石林被纳入“云南省农村中小学食堂条件改善试点项目”，中央投资194万元，通过招标采购，改善了4个山区乡镇的33个教学点食堂条件。根据办学规模，最低投入2.5万元，最高投入25万元，为学校食堂添置了冰柜、消毒柜、切肉机、灭蝇灯等设备，极大地改善了山区学校食堂的条件。

February，Into the stone forest“Yunnan province rural primary and secondary school dining room conditions improve pilot project”，The central investment of 1.94 million yuan RMB，Through the bid for the purchase，Improve the four mountain towns of 33 school dining room conditions。According to the scale of running school，The minimum investment of 25000 yuan，Maximum of 250000 yuan，For the school dining room to acquire the freezer、Alexipharmic ark、Cutting machine、Flies out light etc equipment，Greatly improving the conditions of the mountainous area school dining room。

　　胡小琪认为，以学校食堂供餐为主的模式，可作为一种长期的营养改善措施。各地应科学制定供餐方案，合理选择供餐内容，不能“一刀切”。在无法实现学校食堂和企业供餐、也不适宜家庭托餐的学校，可向学生直接提供合格的成品食物作为加餐。针对微量营养元素缺乏的情况，可考虑提供微量营养强化食品。

HuXiaoQi think，In the dining room for meal primarily mode，Can be used as a kind of long-term nutrition improvement measures。Should be worked out the meal for all solutions，Reasonable choice for meal content，Can't“One size fits all”。In can't achieve the school dining room and enterprise for meals、Also not suitable for the school's family meal，Students can be directly to provide qualified products food as a tome。For lack of micronutrients,，Can consider providing trace the fortified foods。

　　马冠生建议，我国应该尽快出台中小学生营养改善的法律，为免费午餐营养计划提供法律保障。同时，建立学生营养状况监测评估制度，为国家进一步完善营养改善措施提供科学依据。

MaGuanSheng Suggestions，Our country should be introduced as soon as possible primary and middle school students' nutrition improve the law，For free lunch nutrition program provides legal protection。At the same time，Create student nutrition monitoring and evaluation system，For countries to further improve the nutrition improve the measures to provide the scientific basis。

　　马冠生强调，儿童营养改善是一种最有价值的人力资本投资，儿童营养补助是防止贫困代际传递的根本措施。以每个学生每天3元补贴计，一年200个在校日，每年需要600元，9年下来共需要5400元。按照国际经验，这些孩子成年后创造的社会价值远远超过这笔投入。如果再考虑到贫困救助资金的减少、未来医疗费用的节省，这种收益更为可观。

MaGuanSheng emphasize，Children's nutrition improve is one of the most value of human capital investment，Children's nutrition allowance is to prevent intergenerational transmission of poverty the fundamental measures。To each of the students three yuan subsidies every day millions，A year in 200,，Needs every year to 600 yuan，9 years down altogether needs 5400 yuan。According to international experience，These children after the social value of the adult create far more than the investment。If you consider the poverty relief funds reduced、The future medical treatment cost savings，This income is more significant。