异地高考、录取分数、户籍改革……2012年的高考录取工作正在进行中，考生、家长和社会又一次聚焦高考，反思高考。

Different ground the university entrance exam、Admit a mark、Reform of the household registration system……2012 years of the university entrance exam accepted work is in progress，candidates、Parents and society and a focus on the university entrance exam，Reflection on the university entrance exam。

　　关于保障教育公平，很多专家学者都在献计献策，国家也在积极采取多种措施。教育公平是一个需要多方面制度配合的系统大工程，涉及到教育资金的投入、教育资源的配置、师资力量的配备、教育机会的均等甚至包括国家的教育理念等。无疑，保障考试公平是其中的一个重要环节，保障高考公平更是重中之重。如何保障考试公平？

About security education fair，Many experts and scholars in all of these issues，Countries are actively take various measures。Education fair is a need to many of the big engineering system with the system，Involves education funds、Education resources allocation、The equipped with teachers、Education equality of opportunity and even including the national education idea and etc。undoubtedly，Security exam fair is one of the important link，Ensure the university entrance exam fair is Paramount。How to guarantee the fair exam？

　　首先，考试应用法律规制。

first，The exam application of law in the regulation。

　　高考对个人来讲，是接受正规系统的高等教育所必需经过的一个门槛。而就读的学校对一个人一生的走向具有重大影响，同时也会对家庭产生很大影响。对国家来讲，高考是为国家选拔优秀后备人才的重要机制和手段。参加高考的学生一般17、18岁左右，正处于学习知识、增长技能和培养责任感的黄金时期，集中到大学校园里学习、成长，更利于以后成为国家的优秀人才。

The university entrance exam to personally，Is the formal system of higher education must pass a threshold。And the school to a person of the direction of the life has a great influence，At the same time also will have a great influence on the family。Will tell to the state，The university entrance exam is selected excellent talents for the country of the important mechanism and method。Attend the university entrance exam of the students generally 17、18 years old or so，Is in knowledge、Growth skills and develop responsibility's golden days，To focus on the university campus in learning、growth，More benefit at later became national of talents。

　　通过考试进行人才的选拔，相对于其他方式更公平。我国除了高考这项举国关注的国考之外，还有其他各种不同的社会性考试，如各种资格考试、公务员考试等。每一个人都渴望享有平等的考试机会，渴望公平的考试环境和公正透明的录用程序，渴望不被其他人为因素干扰和影响。

Through the examination personnel selection，Relative to other way more fair。In addition to the university entrance exam this on Wednesday in the kingdom of outside exam，There are other all sorts of different social exam，If all sorts of qualification examinations、Civil service exam, etc。Everyone is eager for equal opportunity to test，Eager to fair exam environment and fair and transparent employment program，Long to be other interference with human factors and influences。

　　在我国，这些考试领域除了构成渎职、贪污、受贿等犯罪行为会使用法律手段解决以外，多数情况下是由政策进行调整的。有的方面有国家统一的政策，但政策具有宏观性，不可能面面俱到；有的方面各地有不同的政策规定，但不可避免会存在某些政策空白。

In our country，These test field in addition to constitute misconduct、corruption、, such as bribery crime will use legal means to solve outside，Most cases by policy adjusting。Some have uniform state policy，But macro policy is，Can't please everyone；Some aspects of different policies around，But inevitably there will be some policy gap。

　　尽管每年高考各地都会采取多种防弊措施，但在高考结束后，仍然不断传出高考作弊的新闻，作弊手段和形式也在不断变换。今年的高考被称为“史上最严高考”，但还是出现了作弊事件。其他社会性考试也存在多种问题。

Although each year around the university entrance exam will take various measures to prevent disadvantages，But after the college entrance examination，Still spread the university entrance exam cheating news，Cheating means and form was changing。This year the university entrance exam is called“History's most severe the university entrance exam”，But still appeared cheating incident。Other social exam also there are many problems。

　　为了依法解决存在的问题，使考试更加规范，更加公平，就需要一项公平、公正、透明和相对稳定的制度来规制这个领域，规范各种社会关系。法律制度是理想的选择，考试必须走法治化道路。必须用明确的、稳定的法律制度，确定考试各方参与者的权利和义务，使考试真正能起到选优去劣的作用。

In order to solve the problems according to law，Make more standard test，More fair，Need a fair、justice、Transparent and relatively stable system to regulation the field，Regulate various kinds of social relations。Legal system is the ideal choice，The exam must go way the rule of law。Must be clear、Stable legal system，Sure the exam participants on the rights and obligations of the parties，Make examination can have real choose excellent inferior to the role。

　　其次，考试立法应具有宪法依据和政策参考。

second，The exam legislation should have constitutional basis and policy reference。

　　《中华人民共和国宪法》是我国的根本法，是其他法律制定的基础和依据。我国现行《宪法》第33条第二款规定：“中华人民共和国公民在法律面前一律平等。”第46条第一款规定：“中华人民共和国公民有接受教育的权利和义务。”

《The constitution of the People's Republic》Is the fundamental law of our country，Is other laws of foundation and basis。China's current《constitution》Article 33 the second paragraph：“All citizens of the People's Republic of China are equal before the law。”Article 46 the provisions of the first paragraph：“Citizens of the People's Republic of accept education right and obligation。”

　　党和国家历来高度重视教育。采取多种措施，积极发展教育，无论是教育规模、教育投入、办学水平和办学条件都有了很大进步。

The party and the country has always attaches great importance to education。Take various measures，Positive development education，Whether education scale、Education investment、Education levels and school running conditions had the very big progress。

　　政策是立法的重要参考。《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020)》提出“强国必先强教”，“形成惠及全民的公平教育”，“改革考试招生制度”，“学校依法自主招生”，“推进依法治教，完善教育法律法规。按照全面实施教育法、职业教育法、高等教育法、学位条例、教师法、民办教育促进法，制定有关考试、学校、终身学习、学前教育、家庭教育等法律。加强教育行政法规建设。各地根据当地实际，制定促进本地区教育发展的地方性法规和规章。”按照纲要的要求，到2020年这些法律应该出台。

Policy is an important reference for legislation。《National long-term education reform and development plan outline(2010-2020)》Put forward“Power will be strong first teach”，“The formation of the fair education benefit”，“Reform exam recruitment system”，“The school shall be independent enrollment”，“Promote administering education according to law，Perfect the education law and regulations。According to the full implementation of the education law、Vocational education law、The higher education law、Degree regulations、Pedagogic law、Private education promotion，Formulate relevant test、The school、Lifelong learning、Pre-school education、Family education and other laws。Strengthen the education administrative regulations construction。According to the actual local around，For promoting the development of education in the local laws and regulations。”According to the requirements of the program，By 2020 these laws should be introduced。

　　无论是“学校依法自主招生”，还是“推进依法治教”，都是以存在相应的法律制度为前提的。可是，我们目前教育领域的法律缺失比较严重，已有的法律也存在一定缺陷。教育立法是社会的迫切需要。

whether“The school shall be independent enrollment”，or“Promote administering education according to law”，There are corresponding legal system to be premise。but，We present the absence of the law education field is more serious，Existing law also has certain defects。Education legislation is a society of urgent need。

　　追求平等，反对特权和歧视，一直是人类追求的理想状态。平等地接受教育是实现其他方面平等的文化基础。由于我国地域辽阔，经济发展水平呈现地区差异，所以，各地教育资源的配置并不均等。教育公平是一个庞大的系统工程，需要一步一步去实现。目前，高考这个环节完全可以也必须实现从制度上保证均等的机会，不应该设置制度障碍，对一些有碍高考公平进行的行为，应该用法律的手段予以改正。

Pursuing equality，Against privilege and discrimination，Has been an ideal state of human beings。To accept education is equal to other aspects of the equal cultural basis。Because our country region is vast，The level of economic development present regional differences，so，Education resources all over the configuration is not equal。Education fair is a complex system engineering，Step by step to achieve。At present，The university entrance exam this link can also must realize from the system guarantee of equal opportunity，Should not set the system obstacles，For some of the university entrance exam fair mar behavior，By means of the law should be correct。

　　我国没有形成系统的教育法律法规体系，法律制度不健全不完善，考试领域一直是法律空白。我们应该加快考试法的制定进程，制定考试法，保障公平高考。建议：

Our country has no form of the education system of legal system，The legal system is not sound not perfect，Test field has been legal blank。We should speed up the test method for the process，Test method for，Guarantee fair the university entrance exam。suggest：

　　依据宪法，制定《中华人民共和国考试法》，作为规范考试的基本法律。主要内容应该包括基本原则、高考、社会性考试、法律责任等。制定行政法规《中华人民共和国考试法实施条例》，细化《考试法》的有关内容，增强其可操作性。同时，建议在《中华人民共和国刑法》中补充“破坏考试罪”。

According to the constitution，make《Test method of the People's Republic of China》，As a standard test basic laws。Main contents should include the basic principle、The university entrance exam、Social test、Law responsibility and。Enact administrative rules and regulations《The People's Republic of the regulation on the implementation of the test method》，refining《Test method》The relevant contents of the，Enhance its feasibility。At the same time，Advice on《The criminal law of the People's Republic of China》supplements“Damage test sin”。

　　根据我国《立法》的规定，允许地方在不与宪法、法律和行政法规矛盾和抵触的条件下，制定地方性法规和规章，调整地方性考试问题。进一步形成有关考试的法律法规体系，全面保障考试依法进行。

According to our country《legislation》Provisions of the，In the constitution and not allow place、The laws and administrative regulations contradictions and under the conditions of the conflict，Adopt local regulations and rules，Adjust the local exam questions。Further formation the exam system of laws and regulations，Comprehensive security test is carried out according to law。

　　要想教育办得更好，教育公平最重要。虽然我国教育公平迈出了重大步伐，但仍有许多亟待解决的问题，要想保证教育公平，必须建立、健全和完善教育法律制度，依法保障教育的规范发展。考试立法只是教育立法中的一部分，我们期待我国的教育法律法规体系早日完善，使教育在法律的保障和规范下，实现新的腾飞。(河北省社会科学基金项目课题组成员 陈瑞英 赵月霞)

To education better，Education fair is the most important。Although our country's education fair moved a significant step，But there are still many problems to be solved，To ensure that education fair，Must establish、Improve and perfect the education legal system，To guarantee the standard of education development。The exam is education legislation in the part of the legislation，We are looking forward to our education legal system and perfect as soon as possible，Make education in the legal protection and standard，To realize new boom。(Social science fund projects in hebei province ChenRuiYing task group member ZhaoYueXia)