1. 1.

高考题活起来了 The university entrance exam questions live up

　　【镜头】 2012年高考政治海南卷中，有这样一道题：“历史名人、‘名人故里’之争日益激烈，一些地方无视历史事实凭空臆造‘历史人物’搞旅游开发……结合材料，运用文化生活知识分析为什么会出现各地竞相争夺历史名人、‘名人故里’的现象。材料表明，利用历史文化资源发展旅游文化产业，有的成功有的失败。运用发挥主观能动性与尊重客观规律性相结合的观点对此加以说明。从弘扬优秀中华文化的角度，就利用历史文化资源发展旅游文化产业提出两条建议。”

【lens】 2012 years of political college entrance examination in hainan roll，Have such a question：“Historical celebrities、‘Hometown of celebrities’Battle of the increasingly fierce，Some places to ignore the facts of history YiZao without foundation‘Historical figures’Make tourism development...Combined with materials，Use culture life knowledge analysis why can appear to compete for historical famous all over、‘Hometown of celebrities’phenomenon。Materials that，Use historical cultural resources to the development of tourism culture industry，Some successful some failure。Use our subjective initiative and the respect objective regularity combined with this point of view to illustrate。From the point of view of the Chinese culture to carry forward the fine，Use a historical and cultural resources to the development of tourism culture industry puts forward two Suggestions。”

　　“高考题越来越活了！”很多老师和学生这样说。这个“活”，不仅指试题紧跟时代、贴近生活，更指高考试题越来越注重对考生能力的考查。如上述政治题中，改变了对“发挥主观能动性与尊重客观规律”这个知识点的固有考查方式，创设新情景，变换提问方法，着重考查学生发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力。

“The university entrance exam question more and live！”Many teachers and students said。the“live”，Not only refers to keep pace with the test、Close to the life，More means high pay more and more attention to examination to the examinee capacity examination。If above political questions，Changed on“Our subjective initiative and respect objective laws”This knowledge inherent examines ways，Create new scene，Transform method questions，Mainly examines student find out the problem、analysis、The ability to solve problems。

　　“死读书、读死书”历来为世人诟病，高考内容改革的核心目标便是实现从重知识向重能力的转变。一方面，注重考查学科基础知识，突出学科的核心内容和主干知识；另一方面，克服考查死记硬背，避免偏题、怪题，突出能力立意。例如在高考语文全国课标卷中，唯一考查背诵的是一道6分的名篇名句默写，只占全卷总分4%，其他不再对字音、字形、文学常识专门设题，大大减轻了学生的背诵负担。

“Dies studies、Read book death”For the world has always been reviled，The university entrance exam content reform is the core of knowledge to realize the target a heavier weight change of ability。On the one hand，Pay attention to check the base of the discipline knowledge，The prominent discipline the core content of the trunk and knowledge；On the other hand，Overcome examines learning by rote，Avoid PianTi、Catch question，Prominent ability conception。For example in the national college entrance examination language class sign in volume，The only check recitation of six points is a renowned write sentence，The entire volume accounts for only of the total score of 4%，Other no longer to sound、glyph、A special mention literary common sense，Greatly reduce children's reciting burden。

　　“今年的作文不难！”从考场出来，海南考生小陈这样说，她答的是全国课标卷材料作文“船主与油漆工”，自选角度让她如鱼得水。小陈还记得，自己小时候的作文题不一样，不知写了多少诸如《记一件有意义的事》、《快乐的六一》等“八股”作文，一个题目、一个立意、一种写法，照搬套路，索然无味。

“This year's composition is not difficult！”Come out from the examination room，Hainan examinee Chen said，She answer is the national class standard roll material composition“Owner and painter”，Customize Angle let her soon。Xiao Chen remember，His composition of the child，Don't know how much such as writing《Remember a good deal》、《Happy June 1》etc“stereotype”composition，A topic、A purposive、An accounting，Copying routines，vapid。

　　近10年来，我国高考作文探索应用材料型作文，让考生根据材料自选角度、自定立意，自由发挥的空间更大了。除此之外，材料作文相较于恢复高考后较长时期的标题作文，以及话题作文、漫画作文，有效堵住了“背模板”、“找套路”的“八股”作文法，“生搬硬套”越来越行不通。据了解，今年，无论是全国统一命题试卷，还是分省命题试卷，高考语文试卷全部使用材料作文形式。

Nearly 10 years，Our country college entrance examination application material composition composition explore type，Let the examinee according to the material customize Angle、Since the heart set，The space of free play more big。In addition，Material composition compared to recover after the university entrance exam for a relatively long period of composition of the title，And topic composition、Comic composition，Effectively blocked the“Back template”、“Find routines”of“stereotype”Composition method，“derivative”More and won't work。According to understand，This year，Whether the national unified proposition test paper，Or points province proposition test paper，College entrance examination examination paper all use material composition language form。

　　开放性试题是高考命题改革的另一个亮点。此类试题不设标准答案，考生可以自由发挥、自选角度，答题没有“硬框框”，主要考查学生思维的创新性和灵活性。高考中，还增加了选考模块，鼓励学生的个性发展。

Open test is the reform of the university entrance exam proposition another window。These questions do not set the standard answer，The examinee can free play、Customize Angle，Answer no“Hard rules”，Mainly examines the student thought of innovation and flexibility。The college entrance examination in，But also increased the choose exam module，Encourage students' individual character development。

　　除此之外，实施新课程标准后的高考，更加重视考试内容的时代性、基础性和选择性，克隆技术、胚胎工程、生物工程、核磁共振等现代科学内容纷纷入题。

In addition，Implementing the new curriculum standard before the college entrance examination，Pay more attention to the content of the changes of The Times、Basic and selectivity，Cloning technology、Embryo engineering、Biological engineering、Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and other modern scientific content into the problem in succession。

2. 2.

分省命题更合理了 Points more reasonable province proposition

　　【镜头】 6月14日，山西省高考网上评卷现场，考卷被全部扫描进入计算机，扫描同时对考题进行“切割”，“切割”后的考题便被传送到评卷老师的电脑上。在这里，没有老师们“哗啦哗啦”翻试卷的声音，只有鼠标轻轻的点击声和敲击键盘的声音……评卷老师只能看到自己所负责的题目和答案，每道题由两位老师评分，即“双评”。若两个打分未超出一个定值，则取其平均值生成最终考分；若超出一定数值，题目会被自动传输给第三位老师，如果仍有疑义，就由仲裁组长评判。

【lens】 June 14,，Shanxi Province online the university entrance exam quandary，Examination papers were all into the computer scanning，Scanning and the examination questions“cutting”，“cutting”After the examination questions will be transmitted to a quandary computer。here，No teachers“Hua hua”Turn the voice of the test paper，Only the mouse click sound and knock gently keyboard voice...The teacher can only see his quandary is responsible for the questions and answers，Every problem by two teachers score，namely“Double evaluation”。If two scoring not beyond a fixed value，It take the average generation finally test scores；If is over a certain value，Questions will be automatic transmission to the third a teacher，If there are still in doubt，By arbitration leader evaluation。

　　1999年，广西在全国率先试行英语学科的网上评卷，运用计算机网络技术和电子扫描技术，将纸介质答卷扫描生成电子图像，选择题根据考生填涂的信息点自动给分，非选择题在计算机上人工评阅。截至目前，我国31个省份全部实现高考全科目网上评卷，采取国家标准统一规范，有效降低了评卷误差。“没有纸质试卷，不用将试卷放到保密室，今年的安全保卫管理压力也较往年大大降低。”山西省招生考试管理中心负责人说。

1999 years，Guangxi in the trial of English subject in the online quandary，The use of computer network technology and electronic scanning technology，The paper medium scanning electronic images generated answers，Multiple choice according to examinee of TianTu information points to be automatic to points，The choice questions on the computer artificial review。So far，The country's 31 provinces all realize the university entrance exam subjects numbered all online，Take the national standard uniform standard，To reduce the error quandary。“No paper paper，Don't test on the secret room，This year's security management pressure is more greatly reduce the previous years。”Shanxi Province the recruitment of students test management center director said。

　　如今，“全国统考、分省命题”大家并不陌生，高考形式改革有效推动了高考制度的改革发展。目前，北京、天津、辽宁、上海、江苏等16个省市实行自主命题，其他15个省区市由教育部考试中心统一命题。“南方孩子和北方孩子的知识背景不一样，为什么要用一张考卷？”分省命题有效解决了这个问题，可以根据当地实际和学生水平命制符合当地要求的试题，为基础教育课程改革注入了活力。通过分省命题，还有效分散和减轻了全国统一命题的安全压力，降低了全国统一高考的社会风险。

now，“National curriculum tests、Points province proposition”Everybody is not new，The university entrance exam reform of the university entrance exam to promote effective form of the reform of the system of development。At present，Beijing、tianjin、liaoning、Shanghai、Jiangsu 16 provinces and cities proposition autonomy，15 other provincial examination by the ministry of education center unified proposition。“The south and the north of children children knowledge background，Why want to use a piece of paper？”Points province proposition effectively solved the problem，Can, according to the actual local and students level with the requirements of the local life system test，As the foundation education course reform injected vigor。Through the points province proposition，Also effectively dispersing and reduce the national unified proposition safety pressure，Reduce a unified national college entrance examinations of social risks。

　　高考只有“一回搏”，如果能多几次考试机会，该有多好！2008年，教育部有关部门组织开始探索一年多次考试的可能性，以英语听力作为“试验田”。浙江组织了先期试验，每年3月和9月举行两次考试，考生可多次参加考试，选取高考前两次考试成绩中的最高分计入总分。作为落实教育规划纲要和探索高考改革的重要举措，“一年多次考试”被提上议事日程。从2010年起，云南省采用这一方案；2012年9月，贵州、重庆也将参与其中；若干其他省份正在进行类似规划。

The university entrance exam only“Once fought”，If the exam several times more opportunities，the！2008 years，The ministry of education related department organization began to explore the possibility of the exam several times a year，As to the English listening“Test-bed for”。Zhejiang organized the first test，March and September each year held two examinations，The examinee can be participated in the examination，Select the university entrance exam before two points to include the total score of the examination results。Carry out education as a plan for exploration and an important reform of the university entrance exam，“Many times a year exam”Up on the agenda。Since 2010，The yunnan province the plan；September 2012，guizhou、Chongqing will also participate；Several other provinces are similar plans。

　　“英语听力考砸了，还好有下次。”“成绩出来了，满分！这块可以不管了。”一年多次考试让考生增加了机会，减小了因身体不适等偶然性因素带来的影响，也大大减轻了心理压力。但是，多次考试，能保证每次试卷的难易程度一样吗？为此，教育部考试中心采用新的命题方式，开展题库建设，每道试题在进入题库前均在特定的考生群体中进行了科学试测，保证入库试题质量，采用等值技术，使通过题库组成的多套试卷难度稳定、考查内容均衡分布。

“English listening blew it，Also good have next time。”“Grades out，Full marks in！This can be no matter。”Several times a year to test the examinee increases the chances，Because of the body unwell wait for reducing the chance of the impact of the factors，Also greatly to reduce stress。but，Many test，Can ensure that every time papers to the difficulty of the same？For this，Ministry of education test center by using of the new way proposition，Question bank construction in，In every exam question into question bank were in the specific candidates before the group of a scientific test，Ensure incoming quality test，The equivalent technology，That question bank sets of through examination paper difficulty stability、Examination content balanced distribution。

　　口语因为组织实施的复杂，一直被考试组织管理人员视为畏途，技术的改进让这一难题迎刃而解。2010年，云南省率先将计算机辅助口语考试引入高考，考生可借助耳机和话筒，与计算机上的人物进行问答，最后，考官集中评阅考生的录音资料。这样一来，高考不仅实现了全面评价考生英语能力，还对中学英语教学产生了良好的反拨作用。

Oral English because of the implementation of the complicated organization，Has been exam organization management as a dangerous road，Technology improvement let this problem solved。2010 years，Yunnan province will take the lead in computer aided the spoken language test introduced the university entrance exam，The examinee may with headphone and microphone，And computer characters questions and answers，finally，Test an officer on the recording of data review candidates。so，The university entrance exam is not only realize the comprehensive evaluation examinee English ability，Also to the middle school English teaching produced a good backwash effect。

3. 3.

成绩单变成“化验单”了 Transcripts become“paper”the

　　【镜头】 今年，云南、海南的高考考生拿到了一张“与众不同”的高考成绩单《考生成绩分析报告》，内容堪比“化验单”，既告诉你单科及总分成绩，也告诉你在各门学科的位次，还用雷达图对科目均衡性做出了直观分析。“当年我接到的高考成绩通知单，就是一张窄窄的小条，现在成绩单变成‘化验单’，真是太棒啦！”一位学生家长这样说。从“窄窄的小条”到丰富的分析报告，实际上，这是一次从考试向评价跃升的过程。

【lens】 This year，yunnan、Hainan college entrance examination candidates won a“different”University entrance exam score of《The examinee result analysis report》，Content could be compared to“paper”，Both tell you meet and total scores，Also tell you the seating arrangement in every subject，Still use to subjects made entirely balance visual analysis。“When I received of the university entrance exam of the notice，Is a narrow little bar，Now report card into‘paper’，Is really great!！”A the parents of the students said。from“Narrow article small”To rich analysis report，In fact，This is a time to jump from the test evaluation process。

　　高考不仅是选拔人才的手段，还是评价教育质量的“试金石”。教育规划纲要提出，“改革教育质量评价和人才评价制度”，从2010年开始，教育部在海南、云南等省的高考中，开展了考试评价改革试点的探索。

The university entrance exam is not only the means of selecting talents，Or the quality of education evaluation“touchstone”。Education plan for put forward，“Reform education quality evaluation and talent evaluation system”，From 2010 to，The ministry of education in hainan、Yunnan province in the college entrance examination，In the evaluation of the pilot reform exploration。

　　考试信息是一座“金矿”，不仅仅是几门科目的考分。对学生来说，它反映了自己的兴趣爱好、优势劣势，甚至是将来选择职业方向的“指南针”；对学校来说，它反映了教学的长处和不足，教学质量在年度间的浮动，以及教学水平在同等学校中的位次；对教育行政部门来说，它不仅仅是“升学率”和“平均分”，而是家庭背景与子女学业成绩、学生学习兴趣与水平等一系列深层次社会问题、教育问题；对命题部门来说，它意味着考试的基本情况、成绩分布、信度、效度、区分度及各题的专业统计指标，有助于命题人员了解试题质量、提高命题水平。

The test information is a“gold”，Is not only a few subject test scores。For students，It reflects their own interest、Advantages disadvantages，Even the future direction of the career choice“compass”；For schools，It reflects the teaching strengths and weaknesses，The teaching quality in the year of between floating，And in the same school teaching level of the seating arrangement；The administrative department of education for，It's not just the“Graduation rates”and“average”，But family background and children academic achievement、Students' learning interest and level and so on a series of deep social problems、Education problem；Department of proposition for，It means that the basic situation of the exam、Result distribution、reliability、validity、The topic the differentiate and professional statistics，Help proposition staff know examinations quality、Improve proposition level。

　　这样一座“金矿”，不深挖岂不可惜？考试评价工作充分挖掘利用考试信息，面向不同群体提供评价服务。依托现代网络技术，向考生、学校、教育行政部门和命题部门分别提供内涵丰富的分析评价报告，帮助考生全面、清晰地认识自己，指导学校有针对性地改进教学，帮助教育行政部门多维度掌握高考，助力命题人员提高命题质量。

Such a“gold”，Don't dig deep not pity？The evaluation work of the test information fully tapped，Different groups provide service for evaluation。Based on modern network technology，To examinee、The school、Education administrative department and the proposition department provides the analysis of the connotation is rich respectively evaluation report，Help examinee comprehensive、Clearly know themselves，Guiding the school has pointed to improve the teaching，Help education administrative department multidimensional master the university entrance exam，Power proposition personnel to improve the quality of proposition。

　　以一张面向中学的报告单为例。在“2012年语文内容分项答对率”表格中，将古诗词鉴赏、论述类文本阅读、名篇名句默写、文言文阅读、写作、语言文字应用等一一分析，采用柱状图的形式，用不同颜色标注出该校、该市和该省考生对各项内容的答对率。该校学生在某方面的学习掌握能力，与本市、本省平均水平相比，一目了然。

In a report to the middle school as an example。in“2012 Chinese content breakdown right rate”form，Will appreciate the ancient、This text reading class、Sentence write renowned、Reading the writings in classical style、writing、Language application were analyzed，The bar chart of form，Use different color coded out of the school、The city and the province to the examinee of the contents of the right rate。The students in certain aspects of the ability to learn，And this city、Compared with the average level in the province，Be clear at a glance。

　　拓展考试服务功能、推进高考综合评价是改革的方向。考试不是目的，而是手段，从考试之用到评价之需，高考正在改出一片新天地！（记者 张 烁）

Develop test service function、Promote the university entrance exam comprehensive evaluation is the direction of the reform。Examination is not the purpose，But a means，From the use of the evaluation should be，The university entrance exam is changed out a new land！（Reporter zhang talks）