孩子长大了，我要出去工作 克卫 绘 Children grow up，I want to go out to work, who draw

　　

你不干 “全职太太”，能干什么？ You quit “Full-time wife”，Can do？

　　

妈妈，你除了做家务什么都不会 mother，You in addition to do housework what all can't

　　

我不是成了“全退太太”了 I'm not a“All Mrs. Back”the

　　林娟今年27岁，有一个刚满10个月的女儿。她在一家公司任普通职员，月薪3000多元。她老公也不过是个技术工人，月薪5000元左右。经过3个月的前思后想、反复斟酌，林娟最终还是决定辞职回家，成为“全职太太”。

B: Lin Juan this year 27 years old，There is a just over 10 months daughter。She RenPuTong staff in a company，Monthly pay 3000 yuan。Her husband also but is a technical workers，Monthly pay 5000 yuan。After 3 months of thought into、Repeated consider，B: Lin Juan finally decided to resign to go home，become“Full-time wife”。

　　在人们的印象中，“全职太太”应该是有钱人的专利，那些家庭条件优越的“全职太太”过着悠闲的生活，整天逛街、美容和购物。而如今，“全职太太”队伍出现了平民化、扩大化的趋势。工薪阶层的平民“全职太太”们，不仅要担当相夫教子、操持家务等重任，更要承受心理和经济的双重压力。

In people's minds，“Full-time wife”The rich should the patent，The family condition is superior“Full-time wife”Have a life of leisure，All the day shopping、Beauty and shopping。And now，“Full-time wife”The change in the team、Trend of extension of。Working class civilians“Full-time wife”are，Not only will bear xiangfujiaozi、The housework burden, etc，More shall inherit the psychological and economic pressures。

　　

“全职太太”平民化 “Full-time wife”civilian

　　林娟向老板递交辞职报告，是经过了3个月的反复思考。

B: Lin Juan submitted to the boss resignation，Is after 3 months of thinking about again。

　　她在这家公司已经工作了整整7年。虽然仍是一名普通职员，月薪才3000多元，但她喜欢这里轻松的人际关系和工作环境。

She has been in this company for the whole 7 years。Though still a common clerk，Monthly salary only 3000 yuan，But she like it easy relationships and work environment。

　　她选择“回家”，是因为刚满10个月的女儿。在女儿出生前，她和老公原本指望她母亲来帮他们带孩子，谁知老人突然被查出患有胃癌。这下他们慌了手脚，公婆远在安徽农村，即使他们愿意来帮忙，林娟也觉得他们和城里人的生活习惯相去甚远，把女儿交给他们实在不放心。

She chose“home”，Because just over 10 months daughter。In the daughter was born，She and her husband was hoping for her mother to help them with their children，Who knows the old man suddenly was diagnosed with cancer of the stomach。They were to panic，Anhui rural so far，Even if they are willing to come to help，B: Lin Juan also feel their city and the habits of the studio system，The daughter to they really don't trust。

　　就这样，一拖再拖，她始终犹豫不决。家庭收入问题一直是她的顾虑。她老公在一家工厂当技术工人，月薪5000元左右，原先加上她的收入，他们每月稍有盈余，但要是她辞职回家，不知道老公一个人的收入够不够维持家庭开销。

so，procrastinated，She always undecided。Family income has been her concerns。Her husband when technology in a factory worker，Monthly pay 5000 yuan，Original to add her income，Their monthly slightly surplus，But if she quit home，Don't know the husband a person's income is it enough to sustain the family expenses。

　　对于这个问题，她苦思冥想了3个月，也没有找到答案。最后她说：“先回家再说吧，省吃俭用些，日子总能过的。”

For the problem，She contemplated the 3 months，But didn't find the answer。At last she said：“First go home to say again，Tighten some，The day can always。”

　　任芳芳在一家房产中介公司工作，时常要加班。2岁的儿子只能由老人照顾，孩子在家时多半都在看电视、玩游戏，或者干脆在床上赖着。她常常想辞职回家，能有更多时间教育孩子。然而她老公月收入6000元左右，要独自承担家里的开支还是有一定压力的。

RenFangFang house property intermediary company in a job，Often have to work overtime。2 year old son only by the old man to take care of，The most when children at home are watching TV、Play games，Or simply in bed with rice。She often like to go home，Can have more time to education child。But her husband month income 6000 yuan，To assume alone the expenditure of the home to be the pressure。

　　去年，房地产市场不景气，中介生意不好做。芳芳咬了咬牙，辞职回家了。“孩子的教育0到3岁很关键，这是多少钱也换不来的”。师范院校毕业的芳芳说：“我和孩子爸爸商量好了，节衣缩食苦几年，等孩子大了，我再出去找工作。”

Last year，The real estate market is shrinking，Intermediary business not do。Fangfang bit with his teeth，Resign home。“The child's education 0 to 3 years old was key，This is also not for how much money”。Normal college graduate of fangfang said：“My child and I discuss dad，Not bitter years，Etc the child became big，I'll go out to find work。”

　　如今，曾经是有钱人专利的“全职太太”，出现了平民化、扩大化的趋势。

now，Once the patent is a rich man“Full-time wife”，Appeared civilian、Trend of extension of。

　　针对平民“全职太太”，某知名网站进行了一项调查。在回答“为什么想当‘全职太太"这个问题时，参与调查的女性中，有22.43%选择了“为更好地照顾家人”，21.39%选择了“生育小孩”，还有14.86%选择了“工作压力大”。

Against civilians“Full-time wife”，One of famous web conducted a survey。In answer to“Why want to be‘Full-time wife"The question，Participants in the survey of women，22.43% chose“For better care for his family”，21.39% chose“Birth child”，And 14.86% of the choice“Stressful work”。

　　

精打细算过日子 Shall scrimp

　　最近，一则关于老公一年挣多少钱才能回家当 “全职太太”的微博吸引了众多网友。不少主妇认为，老公年收入达到20万元才可以当“全职太太”。相对来说，男人的心理价位要低些，一位男网友细算了一笔账，称在已经有房无贷款的情况下，如果老婆不上班，男人月入8000元能基本满足一家三口的小康生活。

recent，A newspaper story about the husband how much money a year to go home when “Full-time wife”Micro bo attracted many users。Housewife think many，The husband income achieves 20 WanYuanCai can when“Full-time wife”。relatively，Man's psychological price to some lower，A male net friend fine calculate a bill，In a room has said the loan without，If the wife doesn't work，Men can think the 8000 yuan of a family of three basic meet a well-off life。

　　然而事实上，一些平民“全职太太”的生活水准更低，她们只有靠精打细算才能维持原有的生活。

But in fact，Some civilians“Full-time wife”More low standard of living，They only on cost-effective to maintain the original life。

　　在结婚前一年，李爱华和老公购买了一套80平方米的房子，花费近100万元。“交了首付后，每月房贷近2000元”。两年后，女儿出生了，因为家中没有老人帮忙带孩子，这几年请保姆的费用又水涨船高，李爱华只能忍痛辞职。她发现家里少了一个人的工资，多了一张嘴，“老公每月6500元的工资得算计着花”。

Before marriage, a year，LiAiHua and husband bought a set of the house of 80 square metre，Spend nearly 1 million yuan。“Made after down，Monthly mortgage nearly 2000 yuan”。Two years later，Daughter was born，Because the house there is no old man take children to help，The cost of this a few years for a nanny and rising，LiAiHua only reluctantly to resign。She found his home one less person wages，Many a mouth，“The husband the salary of 6500 yuan a month to figuring out flowers”。

　　这两年，李爱华从不敢和女友一起去逛街，衣服都是到网上淘的，还得趁着反季打折时买。上海世博会召开时，朋友们约她一起去玩，“听说团购一张票才80元，可我想来想去还是算了”。

The two years，LiAiHua from can't and his girlfriend to go shopping together，Clothes are to the digg online，While the season still have to buy sale。At the Shanghai world expo，Friends about her play together，“Hear a ticket only 80 yuan bulk，But I want to want to forget”。

　　而在“全职妈妈”丛霞看来，儿子的教育费用是家里最主要的开支。她儿子今年10岁，正是花钱的时候。“上周我刚给他交了画画班的学费，一年7200元。这是我跟他爸爸好说歹说才要来的。今天儿子又提出要参加足球班，一年3800元。我说我们家没钱，孩子就坐在房间里闷闷不乐，半天也没有说话”。丛霞的脸上满是愧疚，她说：“实在不行，我只有厚着脸皮去问娘家要些钱。这些年每次遇到万不得已的情况，我都是这样挺过来的。”

And in“Full-time mother”CongXia seems，The education expenses is son the home the main expenditure。Her son is 10 years old this year，It is to spend it。“Last week I just give him up into the painting class tuition fees，7200 yuan a year。It is my persuasion with his father didn't want to。Today the son and put forward to want to take part in football class，3800 yuan a year。I say our house didn't have the money，The child was sitting in the room down，The along while also didn't talk”。CongXia face was covered with guilt，She said：“Is no good really，I only have the nerve to ask home for some money。Every time meet than having all these years，I was so that's kind of come over。”

　　

因为缺钱矛盾生 Because of lack of money contradiction was born

　　一个颠扑不破的真理是：经济基础决定上层建筑。当一个家庭的经济维持在吃水线上下时，家庭之舟摇摇欲坠，夫妻之间难免心生龃龉，矛盾丛生。

An incontrovertible truth is：Economic basis determine superstructure。When a family economy maintained in ChiShuiXian fluctuation，The boat of family crumbling，The hard to avoid between husband and wife mind chancellery，A contradiction。

　　家住浦东新区的田圆，两年前生完孩子就成了“全职太太”。怀孕前，田圆是一所幼儿园的骨干教师，领导赏识，丈夫疼爱。而现在，她的口头禅变成了“全职太太真不好当”。孩子出生后，家庭开销不断增加，在一家公司当白领的丈夫不得不兼职做点小生意。每次田圆想添置衣物或生活用品，丈夫总是一口回绝：“现在只靠我挣钱不容易，没必要就不要乱买。”

Live in the pudong new area round field，Two years ago the children become“Full-time wife”。Before pregnancy，Tian round is a kindergarten teachers，Leadership appreciation，Husband loves the。And now，She's catch phrase became“Full-time wife too bad when”。After the baby is born，Family expenses increasing，In a company as a white-collar husband had to part-time have a small business。Every time want to acquire clothes or field round living facilities，Her husband is always a rebuffed：“Now I only by the money is easy，No need to buy don't mess。”

　　夫妻间的恩爱也已不再。田圆说：“以前上班时，老公每天都会给我发很多甜蜜的短信，下班回来就抢着做家务。但现在除了孩子的事情，我们俩简直无话可聊。”田圆想和丈夫谈谈心事，他也完全不感兴趣。

Husband and wife conjugal love no longer also。Field round said：“At work before，The husband is sent to me every day many sweet messages，To get home from work will rob to do the housework。But now in addition to the child's things，We are so no words to talk。”Tian and her husband on to talk about the round，He is not interested in。

　　在网络调查中，一名网友称，当平民“全职太太”是有前提的，那就是丈夫的支持。“丈夫不一定要有钱，但要体贴和理解妻子。不过我身边有许多平民‘全职太太’，多数老公只交家用，妻子用起钱来还是蛮难的。时间一长，夫妻间的感情就会变得越来越淡。”田圆话里，满是无奈。

In the network in the investigation，A netizen，When civilians“Full-time wife”Is the premise，That is her husband's support。“The husband doesn't have to be rich，But be considerate and understanding wife。But my side have many civilians‘Full-time wife’，Most husband only pay household，With the money to his wife or pretty difficult。Of a long time，The husband and wife feelings will become more and more light。”Field circle in the words，Is full of helpless。

　　

想再就业不容易 Think again obtain employment is not easy

　　对于多数平民“全职太太”而言，重新就业是一个必然的选择。

For most civilians“Full-time wife”in，New obtain employment is an inevitable choice。

　　她们一般会等到孩子上幼儿园或是上小学，重新找一份工作，以改善家庭经济状况。但是，再就业并不是她们想象中那样容易。

They generally will wait until the child to the nursery school or at a primary school，To find a job，To improve the family economic conditions。but，Again obtain employment is not as easy as their imagination。

　　张琳在当 “全职太太”期间就曾经尝试过找一份兼职的工作，因为老公的经济负担太重了。但她找了很久，一直找不到合适的工作。曾有朋友给她推荐过电话客户服务的工作，每月工资1500元。“但根本不行，孩子怎么办？幼儿园下午4点放学，去哪儿找不到4点就下班的工作？”她说。后来，她想过开网店，经营服装，但一算账要投资几万元，也不得不放弃了。

Zhang Lin in when “Full-time wife”During tried to find a part-time job，Because the economic burden of the husband is too heavy。But she was looking for a long, long time，Always couldn't find the right job。Have a friend recommended for her phone customer service work，Monthly pay 1500 yuan。“But don't，Children do？The kindergarten at four in the afternoon after school，Where to find less than four points of the work？”She said。later，She wants to open a shop，Business clothing，But a accounts to investment tens of thousands of yuan，Also had to give up。

　　张琳和老公都是“新上海人”，张琳原先在太原的一家工厂当技术员，后来随从事IT业的老公来到上海。来到异地他乡，又逢女儿出生，于是张琳在家当起了“全职太太”。如今，女儿长大了，不需要她全天候照顾了，她开始投简历，在网上找工作。“但要找份好工作真的很难，而且我发现自己越来越缺乏自信。”有几次面试，她因为听不懂上海话而落选，这让她更加焦虑，甚至不敢前去面试。“但无论如何，过完暑假我一定要找份工作。”她说：“工资高低倒无所谓，关键是不能影响我照顾女儿。”

Zhang Lin and husband are“New from Shanghai”，Zhang Lin originally in taiyuan when a factory technician，Later in the IT industry with the husband came to Shanghai。Came to the strange land，And every daughter was born，And in the house the zhang Lin“Full-time wife”。now，Daughter grew up，Don't need to take care of her round-the-clock，She began to resume，The Internet to find work。“But to find a good job really difficult，And I found myself more and lack of confidence。”A few times interview，Because she couldn't understand the words in Shanghai and the election，It made her more anxiety，Don't even went to interview。“But no matter how to，After the summer holiday, I have to find a job。”She said：“Salary scales fall doesn't matter，The key is not to affect my daughter to take care of。”

　　显而易见，尴尬的年龄加上长期远离职场，平民“全职太太”的再就业之途注定是坎坷的。

obvious，The age of the embarrassing and long-term away from the workplace，civilians“Full-time wife”Of the road again obtain employment is destined to be bumpy。

　　

价值认同与政策支持 The value recognition and policy support

　　复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院社会学系副教授沈奕斐认为，平民“全职太太”作为一种新的家庭模式，是家庭政策缺失和年轻父母过度重视育儿的结果，全职太太的价值需要得到社会的认同以及政策的支持。

Fudan university social development and public policy institute associate professor, department of social ShenYiFei think，civilians“Full-time wife”As a new family pattern，Family policy is missing and young parents excessively parenting results，The value of full-time wife need social identity and policy support。

　　记者：当今社会，为什么平民“全职太太”越来越多？

reporter：In today's society，Why civilians“Full-time wife”More and more？

　　沈奕斐：主要有三个方面的原因。第一，家庭政策的缺失。女性的产假一般在3～4个半月之间，而国家允许孩子入托的最低年龄是18个月（最近还取消了一批托儿所，导致很多孩子最低入幼儿园的时间为3岁），这样至少有一年多的时间，孩子得不到社会机构的照顾，国家政策没有为双职工家庭的育儿提供任何保障。如果家庭里没有老人的帮助或者经济上又不能承担请保姆等费用，那么，很多女性只能被迫放弃事业发展，成为“全职太太”。其次是人们对孩子的养育越来越重视，年轻的父母意识到只有在孩子身上投入时间和精力，才能保证孩子的健康成长。第三，在我国，当遭遇养育孩子和继续工作的冲突时，社会的文化常常认为女性应该承担更多的家庭义务，尤其是照顾家人的责任，因此往往是女性做出牺牲，放弃事业，因此出现了越来越多的平民“全职太太”。

ShenYiFei：There are three main reasons。The first，The lack of the family policy。Women's maternity leave generally in 3 ~ 4 between one and a half month，And countries allow children to nursery the minimum age is 18 months（Also recently canceled a batch of nursery，Many children in the kindergarten to minimum time for 3 years），So it is at least a year's time，The child can't get social institutions of care，National policy for families where both parents not to provide any guarantee of parenting。If not in the family of the old man's help or economic and can't take on please nanny and other fees，so，Many women will only be forced to give up your career development，become“Full-time wife”。Next is the people to the child's raising pay more and more attention to，Young parents realize that only in the child into time and energy，To ensure the healthy growth of children。The third，In our country，When encountered raising children and continue to work when the conflict，Social culture often thought that women should take more family obligations，Especially the responsibility of taking care of the household，So often is the women make sacrifices，To give up your career，So there are more and more civilians“Full-time wife”。

　　记者：为什么这些女性回归家庭后常常遇到夫妻感情淡化、矛盾突出的问题？

reporter：Why are these women after returning to family often encountered couples fade、The problem of serious conflict？

　　沈奕斐：家庭事务的琐碎和烦心常常超越职业女性的想象，育儿的压力也非常大，而且由于家庭事务并没有被计入到社会发展中，也缺乏成就感，因此，很多女性回归家庭后都会面临她们原来没有想到的难题。而丈夫常常不能体谅“全职太太”的压力和忙碌，认为女性回家就开始享福了。这种认知差距导致夫妻冲突的产生。

ShenYiFei：The family business trivial and upset that often surpass professional women's imagination，Parenting pressure also is very big，And because the family affairs and not be included in the to the development of society，Is also a lack of a sense of achievement，so，Many women after returning to family would face they originally thought nothing of difficult problems。And the husband often not understanding“Full-time wife”The pressure and busy，Think women began to go home。This kind of knowledge to the generation of husband and wife gap conflict。

　　记者：你在美国当过访问学者，能介绍一下美国“全职太太”的情况吗？

reporter：You in America when visiting scholars，Can you tell me something about the United States“Full-time wife”, please？

　　沈奕斐：美国的“全职太太”虽然也有很多问题，但相对来说还是得到了政策的保障和文化的承认。首先，美国为“全职太太”制定了一些政策保护和稳定的福利保障。比如，丈夫收入的税收是根据家庭人数来确定的，“全职太太”的存在实际上会使得丈夫税收减免一部分。其次，“全职太太”经常会陪同丈夫出席一些重要的场合。如丈夫被企业奖励或者成功选上议员等，太太都有机会一起出现在公共场合，所谓夫贵妻荣嘛。再次，美国的“全职太太”们在社区里有各种组织，有自己的交往圈子，她们可以从中获得身份认同，不会感到孤单无助。

ShenYiFei：The United States“Full-time wife”Although also has a lot of problems，But is still relatively get the policy guarantee and cultural admitted。first，The United States, for“Full-time wife”Established some policies to protect and stable welfare protection。For example，Income tax is the husband according to domestic number to determine，“Full-time wife”The existence of the tax cuts would actually makes her husband part。second，“Full-time wife”Often accompanied her husband to attend some important occasions。If the husband was enterprise rewards or successful selected Congressman, etc，Wife is a chance to occur together in the public places，FuGuiQiRong so-called life。again，The United States“Full-time wife”In the community in which there are all organizations，Have their own contacts circle，They may obtain identity，Won't feel lonely and helpless。

　　记者：有什么是我们可以借鉴的？

reporter：What we can use for reference？

　　沈奕斐：我觉得主要是两个方面。一是社会应当承认“全职太太”的价值，并建立相应的福利保障制度和法律支持体系，如税收制度的倾斜、对“全职太太”社会保障的建立。二是政策应该鼓励有条件的单位为员工提供弹性制工作，以使他们在家庭和工作间达到平衡。这种弹性工作制不仅是针对女性的，也是针对男性的。记者 徐蓓

ShenYiFei：I think it is two aspects。One is the society should admit“Full-time wife”value，And set up a corresponding welfare safeguard system and legal support system，If the tilt of the tax system、to“Full-time wife”The establishment of social security。2 it is policy should encourage conditional unit for employees with elastic system work，In order to make them in the family and workshop balance。This flexible is not only against women，Is for men。Reporter XuBei

　　(来源:解放日报)

(Source: liberation daily)