在学生都往城市学校、名校拥挤的时代，连续4年，通榆县在城区就读的孩子，陆续返回乡镇学校。

Students go to school in the city、School crowded times，For four consecutive years，Tong yu county in urban areas in children，Returning to the countryside。

　　“逆流”之后带着点扬眉吐气，乡镇学校的校长们骄傲地宣布：“现在农村校长也敢和县城校长叫板了！”

“counter-current”Then with a little bit hold their head high，Township school principals proudly announced：“Now the principal also dare and rural county JiaoBan President......！”

　　而在这股“逆流”背后，实质却是教育的核心公平。只有实现了真正的公平，一些我们天天挂在嘴边说，却总也解决不了的所谓“难题”，才能真正得到解决。

And in the“counter-current”behind，Education is the core of the essence of fair。Only achieved true justice，Some daily in noises said，But total cannot solve the so-called“problem”，Can truly be solved。

“逆流”来袭 “counter-current”incoming

　　7月初，临近学期末这几天，不少家长走进吉林通榆县边昭学校校长刘显杰的办公室，咨询如何办理返乡上学手续。“现在已经有十几个农村学生回流了，下学期估计又要来几个。”刘显杰说，这几年学生数只增不减，他这个校长终于不用再为生源操心了。

In early July，Near the end of semester these days，Many parents walked into the jilin tongyu county side zhao school principal LiuXianJie office，How to deal with home to school counseling procedures。“Now, there are about a dozen rural students backflow，Estimated would come again several next term。”LiuXianJie said，The number of years students just kept growing，He is the President finally worry for students。

　　边昭学校距离通榆县城25公里。以前，学校只有一排瓦房，缺少教学器材，更缺老师，一个老师教几门学科的情况非常普遍。为了让孩子接受更好的教育，城里的学校成为家长们的首选，一些家长为了照顾孩子，专门在城里找份工作陪读，多数家长只能把尚未成年的孩子送到寄宿制学校，让他们独立生活。

Edge zhao school distance tongyu county 25 kilometers。before，The school only a row of old，Lack of teaching equipment，More short of the teacher，A teacher to teach few subjects situation is very common。In order to let the child to receive better education，City schools to become the first choice of parents，Some parents to take care of the children，Specialized in the city looking for a job PeiDou，Most parents can only adult children to have not yet boarding school，Let them live an independent life。

　　这些早早离开父母的孩子，显然对此没有心理准备。铁西村村民王淑华记得，外孙每次回家总是灰头土脸，一到星期天临返校的时候，外孙就哭闹着不肯上学，她只能拿着一包零食使劲哄，“好好上学，将来考上大学，别扎根农村了，这地方不下雨就吃不上饭。”

These early leave the children of parents，Apparently was not prepared for。TieXi village WangShuHua remember，Grandson come home every time always dusty，On Sunday the back to school，It would not go to school the grandson of crying，She can only take a pack of snacks tried to coax，“A good school，Admitted to university in the future，Don't root the countryside，This place is not rain go without food。”

　　2008年，县里多方筹措资金740万元，新建边昭学校的教学楼和宿舍楼。四层教学楼在沿街低矮民房的衬托下格外显眼。学校实验室、微机室、图书室、音体美器材一应俱全，冬天供暖有了锅炉，而不是以前各个教室烧煤球，呛得满鼻子灰。

2008 years，The county raising in many fund 7.4 million yuan，New edge zhao school buildings and dormitory building。A four-storey building houses along the street in low against the background of more conspicuous。The school laboratory、Microcomputer room、library、Sound body beauty equipment all available rooms，Winter heating a boiler，Not all the classroom before burning coal ball，Makes full rebuff。

　　家长们也注意到了镇上的新地标，时不时过来看看。经历了生源逐年流失的无奈后，刘显杰终于有了底气，“我们现在的办学条件超过城里。”

Parents also noticed the town's new landmark，Every now and then come and see。After the loss of the annual enrolments after helpless，LiuXianJie finally have the bottom spirit，“We now more than the city of school running conditions。”

　　新学校吸引了在城里求学的学生，边昭学校的学生总数逐年增加，从过去的900多人递增到现在的1100人。

New schools attracted students who study in the city，The total number of students in the school showed increased year by year，More than 900 people from the past increasing to 1100 now。

　　去年，王淑华把外孙从城里接回来读书，新学校不仅不收学费，还提供免费营养餐：一个鸡蛋和一包牛奶。外孙再没因上学与王淑华闹过。这个只有10岁的小男孩发现，学校微机室里的电脑竟然比城里学校还多。

Last year，WangShuHua the granddaughter connect back from the city to read，New schools not only not charge fees，Also provide free nutrient food：An egg and a pack of milk。Grandson never for school and WangShuHua make。The only ten years old boy found，School computers at the microcomputer room than the city actually more school。

　　边昭学校的学生回流故事，同样发生在通榆其他乡村学校。通榆县教育局局长张兴邦说，通榆县2006年提出义务教育均衡发展目标，“重点解决城乡教育均衡问题，让农村学生能就近接受优质教育。”

Edge zhao school students backflow story，It happens in other country school tong yu。Tong yu county bureau chief ZhangXingBang said，Tong yu county 2006 puts forward education obligations the balanced development goals，“Focus on urban and rural education balance problems，Let the countryside student can came near to accept high quality education。”

　　之后，通榆县实施规模化办学，整合教育资源，减少了16所中心校，村小和下伸点由原先的384个减少到37个，集中资源建设乡镇中心校。

after，Tong yu county implementation running scale，Integrated education resources，Reduce the ZhongXinJiao 16，The school and stretched out a point by the original 384 reduced to 37，Focus resources construction ZhongXinJiao towns。

　　“县里规定城乡校舍统一标准，但新建的乡镇学校普遍比城里学校条件好，楼房比城里新，配套器材也比城里好。”通榆县教育局义务教育均衡发展办公室主任马连江说，农村学校办学条件改善后，从城里返乡就读的学生逐年增加。

“The county urban and rural school regulations uniform standards，But the new rural schools generally good conditions than the city school，Than the city building new，Supporting equipment also than the city well。”Tong yu county bureau of education obligations the balanced development of the office of MaLianJiang said，The rural school running conditions improve，Exodus from the city students to attend increases year by year。

　　现实的经济压力也迫使家长在城乡之间做出选择。王淑华说，城里学校虽不收择校费，但外孙每年学费和吃住开支总共近万元，“抵得上一年种地的收入。”然而，在乡镇中学，即使吃住全算上，一年的支出也不足两千元。

The real economic pressure forced to choose between parents in urban and rural areas。WangShuHua said，Though the city school don't accept ZeJiaoFei，But grandson tuition fees and living expenses each year eat a total of nearly ten thousand yuan，“Is worth a tiller of the ground in income。”however，Township high school in，Even eat all the living is，A year of spending also less than $two thousand。

　　通榆县教育局基础教育办公室主任刁恩波介绍，这几年来返乡的学生累计达到383人，其中小学生317人，初中生66人。

Tong yu county bureau of education foundation office director DiaoEnBo introduced，In the past few years to students came to 383 people，Including 317 pupils，Junior high school student 66 people。

国家级贫困县 State-level counties

　　可这个实现了农村学校“一人一台电脑”的通榆县，却是一个名副其实的国家级贫困县。

Can this realized the rural school“A man a computer”Tongyu county of，It is a genuine national counties。

　　马连江反复提起通榆县恶劣的自然环境，这个国家级贫困县被盐碱地包围，少雨多风，土地贫瘠，“老百姓通过上学改变命运的愿望非常强烈”。

MaLianJiang repeated mention tongyu county of the bad natural environment，The state-level counties surrounded by land，Little rain windy，Barren land，“Ordinary people through school such a strong desire to change destiny”。

　　公开的消息显示，虽然地方财政去年才刚刚过两亿元，但通榆县在教育上一直舍得花钱。最近5年，县里多方争取2.2亿元资金，建设和改造校舍，将23所农村学校建成教学楼。

Open news show，Although the local finance last year only just over two hundred million yuan，But tong yu in education have been county willing to spend money。The last five years，Many 220 million yuan capital for county，Construction and renovation school buildings，Will and rural schools teaching building built。

　　外人眼里，这些教学楼远谈不上豪华，装修风格单一，四四方方，马连江形容它们“就像个火柴盒，非常土”，但他强调，教学楼“非常坚固，安全耐用”。

Stranger eyes，The teaching building far from luxurious，Decorate a style to a single，square，MaLianJiang describe them“Like a matchbox，Very soil”，But he stressed that，Teaching building“Very strong，Safe, durable”。

　　实际上，农村学校教学楼的建设颇费了一番周折。23所学校建设时间跨度从2007年到2010年，有的学校因为资金难以一时到位，教学楼建成一年了，宿舍楼才开始动工。为此，张兴邦一再表态，不管多难都得推进下去。

In fact，The construction of the teaching building rural school quite took some fairly easily。23 school construction time span from 2007 to 2010，Some schools because capital a hard place，Build up a teaching building，Dormitory building began to start construction。For this，ZhangXingBang said over and over again，No matter to push down hard it is。

　　比起硬件的改善，师资力量薄弱在农村学校更为明显。张兴邦经常讲的一个例子是，以前因为缺乏师资，一所农村学校出现了“一个老师教七科”的情况。即使在教育资源整合后，农村学校仍然面临教师队伍年龄老化、素质参差不齐的问题。

Compared with the improvement of the hardware，Weak teaching force in the rural school is more obvious。ZhangXingBang often speak of a example is，Before because of the lack of teachers，A rural school appeared“A teacher to teach seven families”situation。Even in education resource integration，Rural schools are still facing the aging of teachers' team、Quality is uneven。

　　“多数老师是从民办教师转正的，教学水平和年轻老师有差距。”兴隆山中心校校长谢军说，师资问题仍是困扰乡村学校发展的最大问题，学校100名任课教师中，45岁以上的超过3成。这所距离县城65公里的乡村学校，最近3年争取到了10个特岗教师，这些刚从师范院校毕业的大学生学历高、干劲足，给学校带来了一股很新鲜的空气。

“Most teachers from teacher of run by the well，The teaching level and young teachers have difference。”ZhongXinJiao President xie jun said a mountain，The teachers question is still troubling the development of rural school biggest problem，The school 100 teachers，Over the age of 45 more than 3 into。The 65 km from the county school in rural，For the last three years to 10, the teacher，These just arrived from normal colleges of college degree、Drive foot，Brought to school a very fresh air。

　　通榆县特岗教师计划在3年前启动，县里每年招聘100名本科以上学历教师，全部补充到农村学校。

Tong yu county, in three years ago the teachers program launched，Each year 100 county for bachelor degree or above teachers，All added rural schools。

　　王雪是边昭学校的一名特岗教师，2009年从吉林师范大学毕业后，通过层层选拔来到这里教初中历史。3年来，边昭学校已经接收了17个特岗教师，老师们在学生中很受欢迎。张兴邦说，每年给这些特岗教师发工资就要200多万元，对这个国家级贫困县而言，“需要很大的魄力”。

WangXue edge is a special showa school the teacher，2009 years after graduation from jilin normal university，Through the selection process to come here to teach junior high school history。3 years，Edge zhao school has received 17, the teacher，The teacher in the student is very popular。ZhangXingBang said，Every year, the teacher sends to these the salary will be more than 200 yuan，On the national level in counties，“Takes a lot of courage”。

农村孩子考学容易 Children in the countryside KaoXue easy

　　暑假过后，特岗老师王雪就能解决编制问题，她的月薪将从现在的1700元增加到2000元出头。在张兴邦的计划中，王雪这样的农村教师待遇会逐步提高，直到超过城市老师。“只有这样，老师才愿意留在农村。”

After the summer vacation，The teacher's WangXue can solve problems of，Her monthly salary will be from the current 1700 yuan to 2000 yuan to the fore。In ZhangXingBang plan，WangXue such treatment will gradually improve rural teachers，Until more than city teacher。“Only in this way，The teacher to stay in the countryside。”

　　留住老师，其实也是为了留住乡村学校的学生。

Keep the teacher，It is in order to keep rural school students。

　　城乡教师交流机制在通榆已实施多年，城里的优秀教师每年都会定期下乡支教，农村优秀教师则可以到城里进修。即将启动的《通榆县城乡教师交流实施方案》对这一机制进行规范，明确了下乡支教老师的奖励措施。“在物质上，城里优秀教师到离县城最远的乡镇支教，一年奖励现金12000元，到相对远一点的乡镇支教，一年奖励10000元。”按照张兴邦的设想，由于奖金提高到了老师工资的一半，这一措施将极具吸引力。

Urban and rural teachers exchange mechanism in tong yu already implementation for many years，The city's top teachers regularly every year to the country to lend a hand，Rural excellent teachers can be further to the city。Is about to start《Tong yu county urban and rural teachers exchange implementation plan》On this mechanism to regulate，Clear the countryside incentives education teacher。“The material，Excellent teachers to the city from the county towns in the farthest to lend a hand，A year award $12000 cash，To relatively little further township to lend a hand，Rewarded 10000 yuan a year。”According to ZhangXingBang ideas，Due to the teacher pay bonuses to enhance the half，The measures will be extremely attractive。

　　考虑到县财政的窘境，张兴邦计划成立教育基金会，通过向社会募集资金解决奖金来源，已落实的第一笔30万元捐款来自通榆历年高考状元。除了现金奖励，下乡支教的城市教师，还将在提干、评职称、评优评奖等方面被优先考虑。

Considering the county financial dilemma，ZhangXingBang plan to set up education foundation，Through raising money to the society to solve bonus source，Already carry out first $300000 donation from tongyu calendar year college entrance examinations。In addition to a cash bonus，The teacher helped the city to the country，Will also carry work in、Review title、Decide on awards through discussion priorities, etc。

　　当初学校新教学楼建成、特岗教师到位时，刘显杰从未发动老师进行过招生宣传，学生回流也没有引起他的关注，他最关心学校的升学情况，“这也是家长最关心的”。

The new teaching building was built in school、The teacher's in place，LiuXianJie never launched the teacher had admittance publicity，Students also did not cause the backflow his attention，He is concerned, the school entrance，“This is also the parents most concerned about”。

　　马连江说，在招生政策上，通榆县教育局向乡镇中学倾斜。记者获悉，在通榆县最好的高中通榆县第一中学，每年的指标生比例占招生计划的80%，指标生计划按照生源比例平均分配到城乡各个初中，城区学校并不因教学质量好而占便宜，反而会吃亏。这是因为，在中考录取过程中，农村学生享受比城市学生更优惠的降分录取政策。

MaLianJiang said，In their admissions policies，Tong yu county bureau township high school to tilt。The reporter learns，In the best of the county high school tong yu tong yu county first middle school，The index was born every year to recruit students to plan ratio of 80%，Born in accordance with the proportion of index plan to average distribution of urban and rural each a junior high school，City schools for teaching quality and not take advantage of that，Instead will suffer。This is because，In tests in the admissions process，The rural students enjoy more favorable than the city of students drop points admission policy。

　　“农村学生在统招生录取线下50分内择优录取，而城市学生则是在统招线下30分内择优录取。”马连江解释，此举是为了调动农村中学，特别是薄弱中学的积极性。

“The rural students in TongZhaoSheng offline 50 share according to admit admission，While the city is in the communication line students admitted according to 30 minutes。”MaLianJiang explain，The aim is to mobilize the rural middle school，Especially the enthusiasm of weak middle school。

　　作为这一措施的受益者，边昭学校今年分配到10个指标生计划，10名来自农村的学生在中考后顺利进入通榆一中。“这对吸引和稳定农村中学生源非常有帮助。”张兴邦解释，这一措施也是为了更好地实现城乡教育均衡。(记者 吉祥)

As a measure of the beneficiaries，Edge zhao schools this year allocated to 10 index born plan，10 of the students from rural areas in the tests smoothly into one after tong yu。“This is to attract and stabilize the rural middle school students have the help very much。”ZhangXingBang explain，The measure is also in order to better achieve balanced urban and rural education。(Reporter auspicious)

　　作者：吉祥

The author：auspicious