营员们在实验室参观体验各种设备。中国科协青少年科技中心提供 The campers in the laboratory to visit experience all sorts of equipment.China association for science and technology center provides teenagers

　　挂掉打给肯德基、麦当劳的电话，程聪兴奋了，连这两家公司的工作人员都不知道送外卖的便携干湿温度箱是怎么做出来的，“我搞明白了！”

Hang up call Kentucky Fried chicken/McDonald's telephone,ChengCong excited,Even the two companies staff all don't know the man who delivers portable wet and dry temperature box is how to do,"I figured out!"

　　在清华大学的一周，这位来自西安的高二男生脑子里装的几乎都是这些平时不会花时间思考的问题用他的话说，就是类似牛顿为什么会被苹果砸到的“弱智”问题。

A week in tsinghua university,The boys from the xian high my mind is almost all these usually won't spend their time thinking about problems in his words,Is similar to Newton's why will be apple hit"weak-minded"problems.

　　近日，同程聪一样来自全国各地的上千名高中生来到北京，参加由中国科协、教育部，加上包括北京大学、清华大学在内的41所重点高校合力组织的全国青少年高校科学营。

recently,As with ChengCong from all parts of the country thousands of high school students came to Beijing,To participate in the China association/The ministry of education,Plus, including Beijing university/Tsinghua university, and key universities force organization university science national youth camp.

　　与很多假期名校举办的夏令营不同，科学营并不具备变相的招生选拔功能，参加科学营活动的高中生以高一学生为主。

With many famous vacation at the summer camp is different,Scientific camp don't have disguised admissions selection function,To participate in scientific camp activities of the high school students to the high student is given priority to.

　　这些高中生在奔赴高考的既定路线中拐了个小弯儿，享受一次难得的假期。以程聪为例，如果没有这次活动，他的暑假将继续由父母导演：塞到老家某位老师的“私塾”，玩命做题。

These high school students in the college entrance examination to the established route turn a corner son,Enjoy a rare holiday.To ChengCong as an example,If there is no this activity,His summer vacation will continue to director by their parents:Plug to their hometown of a teacher"private",Do hard problem.

　　对主办方而言，他们更希望通过高校的科技资源优势来激发青少年对科学的兴趣，鼓励青少年立志从事科学研究事业。

As to the,They are more hope that through university science and technology resources advantage to arouse the interest of young people on science,Encourage teenagers to engaged in scientific research career.

　　这不是一件容易的事情。7月底，在中国科技馆与巴斯夫公司举办的小小化学家活动上，对随机抽取的1383名6～12岁的孩子的调查结果显示，仅有不到四成的孩子以当科学家为自己的愿望。

This is not an easy thing.The end of July,In the China science and technology museum and basf company held little chemist activities,To randomly 1383 children aged 6 to 12 survey,Less than forty percent of the children to be a scientist for his own desire.

　　

与科学家越来越远的一代？ And scientists to be getting more and more far generation?

　　四成，这个看似并非极具爆炸性的比例，在经过分析后却更值得深思。活动负责人告诉记者，调查结果是从这些孩子填写在许愿卡上的心愿为原始数据统计得出的，而填写许愿卡的环节是在中国科技馆内随机进行的。

Forty percent,This seemingly not highly explosive ratio,After analysis is more worth pondering.Activity person in charge told reporters,The results of the survey from these children fill in wish card on desire for the primitive data statistics concluded,And fill in wish card link is in China science and technology of the random.

　　这意味着，被统计的孩子在一定程度上都可以默认是对科技感兴趣的人，而就是在这群对科技“感冒”的孩子中，选择科学家作为职业愿望的人才占到四成，那么，如果将这一调查放到科技馆之外呢？

This means that,Is statistical children in a certain extent can default is for people who are interested in science and technology,And it is in this group of science and technology"cold"Children in,Choose as a professional scientists wish people account for forty percent,so,If the survey on the science and technology museum? Outside?

　　中科院一位研究员在2010年对北京市1000多名中小学生的调查显示，在9个未来希望从事的职业中，选择“科学家”的人数居倒数第三，只比工人和农民排名靠前。

A researcher at the Chinese academy of sciences in 2010 to Beijing more than 1000 primary and middle school students surveys show that,In the nine in the future career,choose"scientists"The number of the third from bottom,A little more than the top workers and peasants.

　　此次高校科学营所吸引的高中生，多数有过数物化生等学科竞赛经历，其中不乏大赛的获奖者。这样一群被学校老师看作有科学梦想，至少是爱学习的学生，抱着前来“镀金”想法的人不在少数。

The university science attracted to the camp of high school students,Most chemical raw a lot of subjects such as competition experience,There is no lack of among them of the contest winners.Such a group of school teacher as scientific dream,At least love study of students,Hold to"gold-plated"Idea is not a few.

　　在清华大学高校科学营，来自河北某中学的高二学生阮清玲告诉记者，她从未想过要当科学家。理由很简单，她的堂姐在投资银行工作，家里人都以这个堂姐为荣，自己想像这个堂姐一样。尽管曾经在物理竞赛中获过大奖，但对她而言，这份大奖最重要的作用是明年参加名校自主招生面试时“能加分”。

In tsinghua university college science camp,From a middle school in hebei province school students RuanQingLing told reporters,She never want to be a scientist.Reason is simple,Her cousin in the investment bank work,His family are proud of the cousin,Your own imagination as the cousin.Although once in the physics competition won awards,But she is concerned,This award is the most important feature of the school next year to participate in the independent recruitment interview"Can add cent".

　　阮清玲的想法并不特殊。这些年，经济等热门学科对数理化等基础学科的冲击可谓不轻。据媒体报道，在1999～2010年的高考状元中，选择就读“经济管理类专业”的最多，有358人；其次才是数理化基础类专业，仅有142人。

RuanQingLing idea is not special.these,Economic and other popular science discipline to, such as the impact of the basic subjects is not light.According to media reports,In 1999 ~ 2010 years in the college entrance examinations,choosing"Economic management specialty"most,There are 358 people;Second is the science foundation class professional,Only 142 people.

　　公开资料显示，清华的状元至少占全国的一半，其中又有1/3～1/2选择经管专业。这意味着每6名状元，至少就有1人选择就读经管专业。

Public data shows,Tsinghua took at least half of the national,Among them and 1/3 to 1/2 choose professional charge.This means that every six champions,There are at least 1 person choose to read a concession professional.

　　高分精英抛弃理化生等基础学科，选择投身金融、经济等热门专业，这让不少科研工作者失望。甚至有学者感叹道，当下的年轻人正在成为与科学家越来越远的一代。

High marks elite abandon such as physical and basic subject,Choose in financial/Economic and other popular major,It makes a lot of scientific research workers disappointed.Even some scholars sighed,The young people are becoming more and more scientists and far generation.

　　

STEM人才危机 STEM talents crisis

　　一次奥数比赛后，5名中国高中生获奖。中国科学院副院长詹文龙问获奖学生将来想读什么专业，结果令他大失所望。5人想读的专业或者是管理，或者是金融，没一个人表示要去读物理和数学。

A mathematical olympiad after the game,Five Chinese high school student award.Vice President of the Chinese academy of sciences, the ZhanWenLong asked the students want to read and what's your major,The results make him greatly disappointed.Five people want to read professional or management,Or financial,No one said to read physics and mathematics.

　　这位“文革”后毕业的大学生清晰地记得，自己年轻时一心想做科学家。在那个物质相对匮乏的年代，做研究的条件相当艰苦，一个电铃、一个接头乃至一个薄膜都要从国外的朋友那里拿。尽管如此，出自对“爱迪生事业”的向往，詹文龙依然津津有味地做研究，30多岁时便拿到一个千万元的国家级科研项目。

the"Cultural revolution"He graduated from the college students remember clearly,When his young heart to be a scientist.In the material relative lack of s,Doing research condition is quite hard,A bell/A joint and a film from foreign friends there take.Even so,from"Edison career"yearning,ZhanWenLong still with relish to do research,More than 30 years old then get a $ten million state-level scientific research projects.

　　如今身居领导岗位，很少再做科研的詹文龙有些忧心：在向“钱”看的功利环境下，孩子们的选择也随之发生变化，科学家梦想似乎被边缘化了。

Now in leadership positions,Little to do scientific research ZhanWenLong some anxiety:In the"money"See utilitarian environment,The children's choice changes,Scientists dream seems to be the marginalization.

　　中国科协的一位领导感慨：在未来的中国，最为缺乏的仍是STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学第一个英文字母的缩写)人才。而STEM人才的数量和质量在不少学者看来，很大程度上代表着一个国家科技领域的发展潜力。

China association for science and a leading regrets:In the future of China,The most lacking is still STEM(science/technology/engineering/Mathematics the first English letter abbreviation)talents.And STEM the quantity and quality of talents in many scholars looks,To a large extent represents a country science and technology development potential.

　　事实上，对STEM人才培养的呼吁并不陌生。2006年《世界是平的》一书风靡大江南北，教育界曾经掀起过对此书的热烈讨论。该书提到，美国教育部注意到，在中国有超过50%的学士学位是授予科学、技术、工程和数学的学生，而在美国，只有17%的学士学位是授予这些领域的学生。

In fact,To STEM talent cultivation appeal is not new.In 2006,[The world is flat]Popular book the great river north and south,Education had lifted to the book of a heated discussion.The book mentioned,The United States department of education noticed,In China there are more than 50% of the bachelor's degree is given to science/technology/Engineering and mathematics students,In the United States,Only 17% of the bachelor's degree is given to the students of these fields.

　　尽管中国每年授予STEM学位的绝对数量已经超过美国，但西方对中国STEM学位的质量提出很多质疑。这些质疑包括学科领域研究的质量、国家在每一个学位获得者身上的投入、学位持有者的知识更新状况、获得学位者的创新能力等。此外，对于中国未来STEM人才的补给量，外国学者同样给出了一个大大的问号。

Although China each year awarded STEM degree absolute quantity has already surpassed the United States,But the west's STEM degree quality put forward many questions.These questions include discipline research quality/Countries in every degree gainer on the investment/Degree holder of knowledge update status/Get the degree of innovation ability, etc.In addition,For China's future STEM talent recharge,Foreign scholars also gives a big question mark.

　　在一家科研单位的科技创新讨论会上，一名即将毕业的研究生说出自己的困惑：近几年留在科研院所的师兄师姐越来越少，学生间流行的说法是，去一些大型国企和科技创业公司依然可以做科研工作，待遇也相对丰厚，那么留在院所的意义又在哪里？

In a scientific research units of the science and technology innovation discussion,A graduate student speak his confusion:In scientific research institutions in recent years fellow students less and less,It is popular among students,To some large state-owned enterprises and technology venture company still can do research work,Treatment is relatively rich,So in the meaning of institutes and where is it?

　　有学生接过话说，这种选择或许正适应了科技体制改革的大潮。但是，一个不容忽视的问题是，科研院所仍是研究基础科学，即传统意义上“科学家”的大本营。它的兴盛，与年轻人能否安心坐冷板凳仍有必然关系。会后，一位副所长告诉记者，为了留住这些人才，很多单位下决心帮助他们解决住房乃至孩子上学的问题，而这将越来越难。

Have the students took the words,This choice may be adapted to the situation of the reform of the science and technology system.but,A not allow to ignore the problem is,Scientific research institutions is still basic science research,That is the traditional sense"scientists"Base camp.Its prosperity,And the young man can ease bench there are still inevitable relationship.After the meeting,A deputy director told reporters,In order to keep these talents,Many units determined to help them solve the problem of housing and even their children to school,And this will be more and more difficult.

　　

学科学更重要的是培养科学的态度 Learn science more important is to cultivate scientific attitude

　　科学人才的培养问题已经受到关注，然而，作为首都优秀青少年校外科技导师，中国科学院院士严纯华最担心的还不是这些上升到人才战略层面的问题。在全国青少年高校科学营上，他并未过多谈及如何刻苦学习，而是围绕“成名、成家固然重要，但是成人更重要”谈了自己的做人心得。

Scientific talents problem has been attention,however,As the capital of after-school tutor excellent science and technology,Academician of the Chinese academy of sciences YanChunHua most concerned about is not the rise to the problem of talent strategy level.The national youth camp in university science on,He did not too much about how to study hard,But around"famous/Start a family is important,But the adult is more important"Talk about his person experience.

　　在接受中国青年报记者采访时，严纯华表示，与还有多少孩子愿意做科学家相比，一个更为重要的现实问题是，有多少人真正理解科学。

In accepting the China youth daily reporter to interview,YanChunHua said,And how many children are willing to do than scientists,A more important realistic problem is,How many people really understand science.

　　他说，当前，往往一谈到学科学就是上大学，读硕士、博士和博士后，然后就是科学家、金融家或是企业家。这种“学历攻势”已经偏离了原本的科学精神，很容易把学生吓跑。

He said,The current,Often when it comes to learning science is to go to university,Read a master/Doctor and postdoctoral,Then what scientists/Financier or entrepreneurs.this"Degree offensive"Have deviated from the original scientific spirit,It's easy to mix students away.

　　学科学的目的被误解了。对于科学，不同的学者有不同的解释，比如遵守学术规范，要有执著信念，等等。而在严纯华看来，学科学不仅仅是为了当科学家，而且是每个人都能用科学的态度和方法，去享受生活和创造生活。

The aim of science is misunderstood.For science,Different scholars have different explanations,Such as abide by the academic norms,Want to have persistent belief,, etc.And in YanChunHua looks,Science is not only to be a scientist,And everyone can use scientific attitude and method,To enjoy life and make a life.

　　他不想看到很多学生连最基本的生活态度都没有，却在教室里大谈特谈科学精神。因此，严纯华也不愿意给学生们灌输“做科学有多难、科学家有多牛”的想法。

He didn't want to see a lot of students even the most basic attitude towards life all have no,But in the classroom talk of scientific spirit.therefore,YanChunHua also don't want to give the students infusion"How do scientific/Scientists have much cattle"idea.

　　高一女生杨光因为参加这个科学营，改变了自己对科学的看法。这是杨光第一次参加课外科技活动，此前，她对科学工作者的理解是一定要满腹经纶、学富五车，对此她常常苦闷自己没办法把书上的知识点都给背下来。在清华大学度过7天之后，她对学习的看法变了，“最重要的是能找到生活中的问题，不是一定要研究出什么成果”；她对科学家的看法也变了，作为科学家的第一素质是“一定要发现问题”。

A girl Yang guang because to take part in the scientific camp,Changed his view of science.This is Yang guang first time to join the extracurricular scientific activities,after,Her scientific workers understand it must be full of learning/being,She often depressed about his inability to put the book knowledge to back down.In qinghua university after 7 days,She to learning opinion changed,"The most important thing is to find the problems of life,Not must study what results";Her views on scientists also changed,As scientists first quality is"Must find out problems".

　　“科学其实并没那么复杂，有人把科学边缘化了，也有人把科学高尚化了，其实科学就是生活本身，如果孩子们不关心生活，不热爱生活，就一定不会对科学感兴趣。”严纯华说。

"Science is not so complicated,Someone put the science the marginalization,Also some people put the science the sublimation,In fact science is life itself,If children don't care about life,Don't love life,We will certainly will not interested in science."YanChunHua said.

　　

“骨感”的科学梦想亟须不断的“真空”刺激 "bone"Science is dream constantly"vacuum"stimulus

　　然而，就是这种让孩子对生活感兴趣的环境，至今依然被功利色彩笼罩着。

however,It is this let the child to ShengHuoGan interested in environment,Still be utilitarian color veiled with.

　　此次科学营的报名就是一个例子。来自某省科协青少年中心的老师对记者讲起了他去学校“拉人”的经历。中学教务处处长开门见山：可以去，但只能让成绩中等的学生去。这位教务处长的理由非常充分：拔尖学生要冲刺考北大、清华，在这期间参加活动势必会影响成绩。

The scientific camp registration is one example.From the provincial association for the youth centre teacher to reporters about him to go to school"Pull a person"experience.Middle school academic administration division chief come straight to the point:Can go to,But will only make achievement secondary students to.The academic administration long reason is very full:Best students to sprint take an examination of Peking University/tsinghua,During this campaign will definitely affect performance.

　　当然，也有不少老师和家长十分支持孩子参加科学营，其中，希望孩子通过比赛获得“镀金”经历的人也占一定的比例。

Of course,There are many teachers and parents very support children to take part in a scientific camp,the,Hope that children get through competition"gold-plated"The person of experience also account for certain proportion.

　　不过，持有这种想法的老师和家长恐怕是要落空了。这些孩子面对的是近乎“真空”的一周没有分数，没有考试，没有硬性作业，更没有一张证明参加过这次活动的“证书”。他们面对的是完全不一样的“考核标准”：每天傍晚的一次小组讨论，没有既定题目，而是根据一天的观察提出一个问题，如果提不出，没有惩罚，只是“脸上挂不住”。

but,Hold the idea of teachers and parents I'm afraid it's failed.These children face is near"vacuum"A week did not score,No exam,Without hard work,Without a more that participated in the activity"certificate".They face is completely different"Assessment standard":Every evening a group discussion,No established topic,But according to a day of observation raised a question,If come up with a,No punishment,just"Face is not hanged".

　　在最后一天的小组例会上，令阮清玲自己都感到意外的是，自己的总结陈词居然是做科学实验轻松有趣。尽管现在她还无法确定以后到底要不要走科研这条路，但这位即将成为毕业班一员的学生告诉记者，在剩下不到半个月的暑假里，她已经决定先买本《时间简史》看看。

In the last day of group meeting,Make RuanQingLing own surprise is,Own summary address incredibly is doing scientific experiments fun.Although now she still are not sure whether or not to go after research this road,But the graduating class will become a member of the student told reporters,With less than half a month in the summer,She has decided to buy this[Brief time]Look at.

　　看到学生的变化，一位带队老师松了一口气，但他随即又有了新的担忧：如果大环境仍无法改变，这种刚刚燃起的科学兴趣之火可能会很快熄灭。

See the change of students,A led the teacher breathed a sigh of relief,But he immediately and have a new concern:If you still can't change environment,This just lit the fire of scientific interest may soon go out.

　　说到底，诸如唯分数至上的功利化、娱乐化的社会环境仍让追求科学家梦想、培养科学态度的现实显得太过“骨感”。中国科协2010年青少年创造性想象力水平课题组在报告中提到，当下学生最喜欢阅读的课外图书是20世纪80年代出版的《十万个为什么》，反映了几十年来新颖科普读物的缺乏；而学生最喜欢看的电视节目是《快乐大本营》，一档综艺娱乐节目受到学生的热捧，也在一定程度上说明科教电视栏目对学生没有太大的吸引力，难以寓教于乐。

In the final analysis,Such as the only score the highest utilization/Recreation is changed social environment is still let the pursuit of scientists dream/Cultivate scientific attitude reality appear too"bone".2010 China association for science and technology creative imagination in the level of youth research report said,Then the students like reading extracurricular books are published in the 1980 s[Hundred thousand whys],Reflects decades of novel popular science books;And students the most like to watch TV programs are[Happy camp],A variety of entertainment by students' hot holds,Also to a certain extent that educational television columns to students have no too big attraction,Difficult to build.

　　在采访最后，严纯华呼吁，孩子就是一张白纸，他们的科学素养，是大人世界的环境所赋予的，为此，大人们务必以身作则，给孩子们营造宽松、健康的成长环境。

In the interview last,YanChunHua called for,The child is a blank sheet,Their scientific literacy,Is adult world environment to give,therefore,Adults must lead by example,Give children builds comfortable/Healthy growth environment.

　　他同时也表示，在大环境难有改观之时，不断“真空”的刺激仍显得十分必要。

He also said,In the environment of it is hard to change,constantly"vacuum"Stimulation is still very necessary.

　　(根据受访人要求，文中学生名字均为化名）

(According to the requirement of people,The students are alias name)