受北京大学“大学堂顶尖学者讲学计划”邀请，8月21日，华裔美籍生物物理学家庄小威教授在北京大学作了一场精彩的报告。

By Beijing university"DaXueTang top scholars lecture plan"invited,August 21,Chinese-american biophysicist ZhuangXiaoWei in Beijing university professor made a good report.

　　报告中，她向北大学子坦诚地讲述了自己的科学人生，以及她对如何做学问的理解和探索，让人们了解到国际顶尖学者做学问的状态，同时，也对当下学生、学者和学术界如何做好学问有着很好的启发。

The report,She pku students to frank about his life science,And her understanding of how to study and explore,Let people understand the international top scholars state of a scholar,At the same time,Also on the students/Scholars and academic learning how to do well with very good inspiration.

不考100分可能会更好 Do not take an examination of 100 points may be better

　　庄小威从小就喜欢物理，求学阶段基本围着自己的兴趣转，大学学习物理以后，“真的觉得物理非常非常的美，非常严谨，很合我的口味，不要死记硬背，注重逻辑推理，一连串下来，理解了也就全部学会了。”有一段时间，她对物理的兴趣发展到近乎病态，“每一个定律都想把它搞的透透彻彻，清清楚楚，一点点细节都不肯放过，以至于四大力学每门都考了100分。”

ZhuangXiaoWei grew up like physics,The basic study stage around their interest in turn,After the university study of physics,"Really think physical very, very beautiful,Very rigorous,Is to my taste,Don't cram,Pay attention to logical reasoning,A series of down,Understand the also all learned."There was a time,Her interest in physics to almost morbid,"Every law all want to put it through thoroughly with Fletcher,clearly,A little detail is refused to let go,That four mechanics every door took an examination of 100 minutes."

　　这个当年在中科大的传奇故事，20多年后它的创造者却并不认同。“现在，我并不赞同每一门都要考100分。其实，我那时候对100分并不感兴趣，只是想弄懂很多的知识，所以，花很多时间把每门课都考了100分。现在我的建议是不一定要考100分，说不定不考100分更好，因为从95分到100分不是增加5%的努力就可以，而是很多很多额外的努力。现在知识的范围这么广，我们更加注重交叉学科，这是最容易出新成果的地方，把时间用来多学一些东西，对我们更有帮助。所以，做学问不用一定要追求完美，追求完美有时候会浪费时间。”

This year in ZhongKeDa legend story,For more than 20 years after its creator is not identity."now,I do not agree with every door want to take an examination of 100 points.In fact,I at that time to 100 points are not interested,Just want to understand a lot of knowledge,so,Spend a lot of time to get every subject took an examination of 100 minutes.Now my advice is don't have to take an examination of 100 points,Maybe not take an examination of 100 points better,Because from 95 to 100 points is not increased by 5% effort can,But a lot of a lot of extra effort.Now the boundaries of knowledge so wide,We pay more attention to cross discipline,This is the most easy to place new achievements,Take time to learn something,For we are more help.so,A scholar don't must pursue perfect,The pursuit of perfect sometimes would be a waste of time."

　　不过，时至今日，她高度认可她在中科大少年班的学习。“最大好处是很自由，想学什么课就学什么课，完全凭自己的兴趣学，这种自由的选课方式养成了我没有太多局限性的思维方式。”

but,today,She is highly recognized in her ZhongKeDa ShaoNianBan learning."The biggest advantage is very free,Want to learn what school class what class,Completely by their interest in learning,This kind of free elective way formed I don't have many limitations way of thinking."

不要轻易相信前人的观点 Don't believe that the former point of view

　　庄小威在加州大学伯克利分校时，师从物理学家沈元壤教授，沈教授在上世纪90年代先后当选为美国艺术与科学院院士、美国国家科学院院士。

ZhuangXiaoWei when in university of California, Berkeley,From ShenYuan physicist professor soil,Professor shen in the 1990 s has ever elected to a U.S. art and academy of sciences/The national academy of sciences.

　　“沈先生对我的影响很大，是他教给了我怎么做科研。那时候我刚刚大学毕业，不像现在的学生大学的时候就被鼓励做科研，有创造性。我那时候就是读书本，认为凡是书上教的都是对的，一推广，教授说的都是对的，再一推广，凡是出了的论文都是对的。其实，这样我有了一个很缺乏的东西就是怀疑，也就很容易不再有创新性和创造力。”庄小威回忆说。

"Mr. Shen strong influence on me,He taught me how to do scientific research.At that time I just graduated from the university,Unlike now students university are encouraged to do scientific research,creative.I at that time is reading this,Think every book teaching are all right,A promotion,Professor said is right,Another promotion,All out of the paper are right.In fact,So I have a lack of things is to doubt,Also it is easy to no longer have innovation and creativity."ZhuangXiaoWei recalls.

　　“沈先生当时教会我的就是不要轻易相信任何前人的结论，包括自己前一段时间的结论，对于问题要反复论证，要证明自己大概是错的，即使最后证明自己基本上没什么错了，也不能说就是一个真理，只能说它离真理非常接近。”

"Shen was taught me is don't believe any previous conclusions,Including themselves before the conclusion of a period of time,For questions to repeated proof,To prove himself is probably wrong,Even if the last prove basically nothing wrong,Also cannot say that is a truth,Can only say that it is very close to the truth."

　　“如果希望自己的结果是对的，甚至潜意识的让自己的结果变成对的，这是一个很危险的做科学的方法。要敢于怀疑，特别是敢于怀疑自己，哪怕去年我发表一个论文，今年证明它错了，这时千万不要不敢碰它，不敢让别人知道我错了，千万不要害怕，能证明自己是错的是一件很伟大的事情。我从沈先生那里学到的就是一种怀疑态度，一种严谨方法，而并不是一些细节的知识。”

"If you want to own the result is right,Even the subconscious mind let their own results into right,This is a very dangerous to do the scientific method.Dare to doubt,Especially dare to doubt yourself,Even last year I published a paper,This year prove that it was wrong,Then don't dare not touch it,Dare not to let others know I was wrong,Don't be afraid to,Can prove that he is wrong is a very great things.I learn from Mr. Shen is a kind of suspicion,A kind of rigorous method,And not some of the detail of the knowledge."

做学问要切忌虚荣和浮躁 A scholar to avoid by all means is vanity and fickleness

　　庄小威博士毕业后，在沈元壤教授的鼓励下开始寻找教职，没有想到斯坦福大学向她伸出了橄榄枝。“我当时差点就拿到斯坦福的录取通知，学术委员会一名教授甚至给我打了电话。我当时特高兴，觉得自己挺了不起的。可是两天后，这名教授通知因为我没做博士后，他们认为有缺陷，不录用我了。我哭了一整天，很伤心。后来想想那个伤心很大一部分是虚荣心作怪，我并不觉得人生一个很大的机会没有了，而是我的同学才刚刚跑到斯坦福来做博士后，我一出现就是斯坦福的教授，我比他们厉害多了，我真的觉得这是一种虚荣。不过那之后，我还是做了一个非常非常对的决定，我打电话告诉其他想给我教职的学校，我还没有准备好，然后静下心来在斯坦福做了3年多博士后。”

Dr. ZhuangXiaoWei after graduation,In ShenYuan soil professor encouraged started looking for faculty,Did not think of Stanford university to she put out the olive branch."I was almost to the Stamford admission,Academic committee a professor even phoned me.I was especially happy,Feel pretty great.But after two days,The professor notice because I didn't do postdoctoral,They also say that there are defects,Don't hired me.I cried all day,Very sad.Then think about the sad part is a vanity do mischief,I don't think life is a great opportunity to have no,But my classmates just ran to Stanford to become a member,I appeared is Stamford professor,I'm much more severe than they,I really think this is a kind of vanity.But after that,I still had a very, very right decision,I'm calling to tell other want to give me teaching school,I wasn't ready,Then the static under heart comes in Stamford made 3 years postdoctoral."

　　庄小威说，现在看来，如果她博士毕业后马上工作，是绝对错误的。“因为我当时比较迷茫，我并不是很清楚我想做些什么东西，我当时要的就是教授的头衔，我甚至连教授做什么都不知道。等我做了博士后3年以后，再找工作的时候感觉就完全不一样了，我知道我要做什么，而且我知道我能做好它。”庄小威表示，她想以自己的切身体会来分享一个经验，这就是不要浮躁，不要急躁，不要急于求成，不要急功近利，要很有耐心的做博士和博士后，用这段时间积累知识，积累经验，积累方法，最重要的是积累思想，这对一个学者将来如何做好学问非常重要。

ZhuangXiaoWei said,Now it seems,Dr. If she after graduation work immediately,It is absolutely wrong."Because I at that time more confusion,I am not very clear I want to do something,I was want is the professor's title,I even professors do what all don't know.And I did postdoctoral three years later,Feel when looking for a job is completely different,I know that I want to do,And I know I can do it."ZhuangXiaoWei said,She wanted to own personal experience to share a experience,This is don't fickleness,Don't be impatient,Do not be eager to hope for success,Don't get rich quick,To very patient doctoral and postdoctoral,Use that time to the accumulation of knowledge,Accumulate experience,Accumulation method,The most important thing is accumulated thought,This to a scholar how to do well in the future learning is very important.

　　庄小威说，她的博士后导师在这方面给她了一个很好的启发。“他常说，没有比博士后更快乐的阶段了，不需要考虑其他东西，唯一要做的就是学问，我们为什么要选择这条路呢？因为我们爱做学问，我们既然爱做学问，为什么不利用这个非常好的机会做学问呢？这是很有道理的，我想对博士后的同学说，博士后不是镀金，不是导师想让你帮着干几年活儿，你想的是自己赶快功成名就，而是这是一个非常关键的阶段，让你积累，让你准备。”

ZhuangXiaoWei said,Her postdoctoral tutor in this respect to give her a very good inspiration."He often says,No more happy than postdoctoral stage,Don't need to think about other things,Only to do is learning,Why should we choose this road?Because we love a scholar,Since we love a scholar,Why not use this very good chance a scholar?This is very reasonable,I want to postdoctoral students said,Postdoctoral not gold-plated,Not teacher want let you help a dry years work,You want to is it successful,But this is a very crucial stage,Let you accumulate,Let you ready to."

不追求短期出成果的东西 Do not pursue the short-term results of things

　　庄小威说在斯坦福大学做博士后时，和她最对胃口的人就是著名华裔物理学家朱棣文，所以她选择了朱棣文的实验室。“我不太想做他的东西，做博士后总想做一些新的东西。我想做一个新的方向，我就跟朱先生商量，他说要不我们做生物吧。我说为什么不呢？”

ZhuangXiaoWei said at Stanford university do the postdoctoral,And her most appetizing people is the famous Chinese physicists zhu,So she chose to zhu laboratory."I don't want to do his thing,Do postdoctoral always want to do something new.I want to be a new direction,I will discuss with Mr. Zhu,He said why don't we do biological it.I said why not?"

　　事实上，庄小威当时对生物一点了解都没有，她甚至在大学没修过生物，连DNA和RNA的区别都不知道。“我完全是一种无知而无畏的感觉。当然，事情不会这么简单，有两年我什么也做出不来，拼命的想找题目做，找的那些题目都是一些很无聊的，很没意思的题目，因为我对生物没了解。我哭过很多回，最后咬咬牙还是坚持下来了，最后还是做出了一些有意思的东西。”

In fact,At that time ZhuangXiaoWei on biological point to understand all have no,She even in college and didn't have repaired biological,Even the difference between DNA and RNA all don't know."I completely is a kind of ignorance and fearless feeling.Of course,Things won't be so simple,There are two years I what also do not come,Desperately want to find topics do,Looking for those questions are very boring,Very dull topic,Because I didn't understand the biological.I cried many times,The last bullet still persevered,Finally made some interesting things."

　　所谓“有意思的东西”，是她用自己扎实的物理功底，带领研究团队发展超分辨率显微镜技术，识别个体病毒粒子进入细胞的机理，并用单分子技术从本质上研究核酸与蛋白的相互作用，她曾拍摄到单一枚感冒病毒如何影响一枚细胞，这是首次有科学家记录到这一过程。

The so-called"Interesting things",Is she use her solid physical strength,Led research team development super-resolution microscope technology,Identifying the individuals virus particles into the mechanism of the cells,Using single molecular technology from essentially study nucleic acid and protein interaction,She had taken by a single pieces of common cold virus affect how a gold cell,It is the first time scientists record to this process.

　　庄小威说：“这个过程告诉我做事情就是要持之以恒，不要放弃，要坚持，要不怕困难的做下去，要有耐心，不要追求那种短期就能出成果的东西。”在这一点上，她从知名化学家、生物物理学家，也是哈佛大学教授、美国科学院院士谢晓亮身上学到很多，“他常常会用4年甚至更长的时间来做一个研究，他发现自己做错的东西，也不放弃，重新开始做，所以，坚持是一个很重要的东西，是他获得成功肯定的一个很重要的元素，对我也意义重大。”

ZhuangXiaoWei said:"This process told me to do things is to persevere,Don't give up,To adhere to the,Will not afraid difficulty of it,Be patient,Don't go for that kind of short-term can the achievement of things."At this point,She from famous chemist/biophysicist,And Harvard University professor/American academy of sciences XieXiaoLiang learned a lot,"He often will use 4 years or even longer time to do a research,He found himself to do the wrong things,Also don't give up,To begin to do,so,Persistence is a very important thing,His success is sure a very important element,For I also is of great significance."

做学问不应是为拿诺贝尔奖 A scholar should not is to take the Nobel Prize

　　总结自己在做学问上一路走来的经验，庄小威认为有5个重要因素成就了今天的她。

Summary himself in the study on the experience of along the way,ZhuangXiaoWei think there are five important factors achievement today she.

　　“第一，一心一意做一件事情。我从小到大就想做科学家，因为很省事儿，没有外界的干扰，一门心思想做好学问就行，这点对我帮助很大，一心一意做一件事情很难有做不好的。”

"The first,Undivided attention do one thing.I just want to do since the childhood scientists,Because it's about province,No outside interference,One-track mind want to do knowledge will do,This a great help to me,Undivided attention do one thing it is difficult to do bad."

　　“第二，要有一个很长远的很高瞻远瞩的眼光，这决定你最后做出成就的大和小，不要觉得只能做这样的东西，不能做那样的东西。在选择课题时，不要自己生拉硬扯的制造一个题目，虽然不排除少数人有独到的眼光发现一些别人还没有想到的问题，但是，那些很多人都在关心却还没有想到方法来解决的问题，同样值得去研究，而且做出的结果意义会很大。”

"The second,To have a very long very forward-looking vision,This is a decision you finally make achievements of big and small,Don't think can only do such a thing,Can't do things like that.In choosing topics,Don't be ShengLaYingChe manufacturing a topic,Although not rule out a few people have eye found that some other people have not thought of problem,but,Those a lot of people are in the care had not thought of ways to solve the problem,Also worth to study,And make the results will be of great significance."

　　“第三，不要害怕做难的东西，不要害怕做花精力的东西，不要捡便宜做。贪图便宜一般是很短视的，你做出来的东西成就有局限，一定要很胆大的做敢于创新的东西，尽管这个东西可能花的时间，花的精力比较多一些。”

"The third,Don't be afraid to do difficult things,Don't be afraid to do spend energy things,Don't pick up cheap to do.Covet petty gain is generally very short-sighted,You make things to achievements have limitations,Must be very gutty do innovative things,Although it may take time,Spend energy more some."

　　“第四，持之以恒，要有耐心，要耐得住寂寞。”

"The fourth,perserve,Be patient,To loneliness."

　　“第五，一点幸运，我必须说，我是非常幸运的。”

"The fifth,A little luck,I must say,I am very lucky."

　　当有学生问她如何向诺贝尔奖而努力时，庄小威的回答有点出人意料。“我不想向诺贝尔奖努力，我觉得做研究首先你喜欢做，其次对人类有贡献，做任何事情都不应该为任何一个奖项去做，那样就比较没意思了。所以，这绝对不是我的人生规划。”

When a student asked how she to the Nobel Prize and efforts,ZhuangXiaoWei answer a bit surprising."I don't want to efforts to the Nobel Prize,I think doing research first you like to do,Secondly the human a contribution,Do anything should not be for any an award to do,That is boring.so,This is definitely not my life planning."

　　然而，人生的另一项“重大成果”却是让庄小威欣喜的。“有时候做学问也是有好处的，它还能给你带来幸福的生活，我认识了我的丈夫，不但如此，我们现在还有了一个两岁的女儿。很多女生有些害怕做科学，我想说幸福的家庭生活和做科学事业是不矛盾的，当然，是需要有牺牲，我经常觉得见女儿的时间少到让自己伤心，但是并不是说我没有享受到家庭的幸福。”(记者 王庆环)

however,The life of another one"Major achievements"But let ZhuangXiaoWei delighted."Sometimes a scholar is also good,It can also bring you happiness of life,I met my husband,Not only so,We now have a two year old daughter.A lot of girls some be afraid of doing science,I want to say happy family life and do scientific career is not contradictory,Of course,Is the need to have to sacrifice,I often feel see daughter less time to let oneself sad,But is not to say that I didn't enjoy the happiness of the family."(Reporter WangQingHuan)