廉思 “80后”社会学家，首创“蚁族”概念，近来推出新书《工蜂大学青年教师生存实录》。

Water think "After 80"sociologists,first"Ant family"concept,Recently launched new book[Worker bee university young teachers' survival memoir].

　　作为一名高校教师，廉思的名头可能不像易中天或于丹那么响亮，但如果提起“蚁族”这个概念，估计很多人都对它所代表的大学生低收入聚居群体有最直观的了解。2009年，“蚁族”成为中国十大流行语。2012年6月，《现代汉语词典》(第六版)收录了“蚁族”一词。因为首创“蚁族”概念，廉思从一个无人知晓的青年学者变成备受关注的“80后”社会学家。

As a teacher in university,Water think of attitude may not be as easy meridian passage or yu Dan so loud,But if a"Ant family"This concept,A lot of people are estimated to its representative of college students in low-income groups have the most intuitive understanding.In 2009,,"Ant family"Become China ten big catchword.In June 2012,[Modern Chinese dictionary](The sixth edition)Included the"Ant family"A word.Because the"Ant family"concept,Water think from a unknown young scholars into of concern"After 80"sociologists.

　　伴随着鲜花掌声和诘问谩骂一路走来，廉思和其团队始终坚持“社会调查”，“发现当代中国的现象和问题，并将之呈现出来，引发社会的思考，这是团队的使命和责任。”2009年推出《蚁族大学毕业生聚居村实录》，2010年推出后续《蚁族谁的时代》，今年秋季，他们推出了《工蜂大学青年教师生存实录》，9月由中信出版社出版。

With applause and flowers heckle abuse along the way,Water thought and its team always adhere to"Social survey","Find the phenomena and problems in contemporary China,And will appear,Trigger social thinking,This is a team mission and responsibility."Introduced in 2009[Ant family university graduates agglomerated settlement memoir],Follow-up introduced in 2010[Ant family who era],This fall,They launched a[Worker bee university young teachers' survival memoir],September by citic publishing house.

　　谈及这些年的调查，廉思说，自己研究的都是知识青年，“因为意识到青年知识分子对国家、民族、社会的意义，才促使我展开研究。”从大学毕业生到高校青年教师，再到“80后”“90后”新生代的海归，廉思准备推出知识青年三部曲，他说目前已推出“蚁族”和“工蜂”两部，海归的问卷设计已经完成，正在展开调查，预计一年半的时间可以完成。

About all these years of investigation,Water think said,The research is knowledge youth,"Because consciousness to the young intellectuals to the country/national/Social significance,It cause I open my research."From the university graduates to the young college teachers,to"After 80""After 90"Neozoic returnees,Water think wants to introduce knowledge youth trilogy,He said that at present has launched"Ant family"and"Worker bee"two,Returnees questionnaire design has been completed,Are investigating,Expected a year and a half time to complete.

　　

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“时代的容颜” "Appearance in the age of"

　　从1998年入读人大，继而读研，读博，毕业后到北大攻读博士后，任教对外经贸大学，廉思说，自己在高校待了14年，对高校教师最熟悉，了解他们的一些工作和生活情况，这是自己写工蜂的一个感性的原因，真正促使他做高校青年教师的研究，还是基于他对知识青年的关注。

The National People's Congress from 1998 to read,And then to go to graduate school,Read bo,After the graduation to north for postdoctoral,Foreign economic and trade university teaching,Water think said,Himself in the university for 14 years,The most familiar to the university teachers,Understand some of their work and life,This is a worker bee write their own emotional reasons,Real prompted him to do research of young university teachers,Based on his knowledge or to the attention of youth.

　　在廉思看来，“工蜂”是“蚁族”的老师，“工蜂”把知识传授给“蚁族”，“蚁族”把“工蜂”的思想带到社会中去，从某种意义上来说，高校青年教师就是“时代的容颜”，可以通过知识青年这个点，透视我们所处的时代和我们的国家，这是理解中国社会的一个路径和渠道。

In the water think it seems,"Worker bee"is"Ant family"teacher,"Worker bee"Imparting knowledge to"Ant family","Ant family"the"Worker bee"Thoughts to society to,In a certain sense,Is the young college teachers"Appearance in the age of",Can through the knowledge youth this point,The perspective we are at times and our country,This is to understand the Chinese society a path and channel.

　　谈及个人身份，廉思直言，对“工蜂”这个课题研究来说，不是优势，反而是劣势。“你处在环境之内，太近了，会忽略很多有价值的东西，也会干扰你的研究，甚至你还被内化了，所以要在研究中把自己抽离出来。”廉思带领他的团队做调查时，要求不要写成“高大全”的“我的老师”式的作文，而是要把高校教师还原成普通的一个人，描绘出他们的喜怒哀乐，不做评论，真实记录下他们的奋斗、求索和无奈。

About personal identity,Water think the truth,to"Worker bee"This research is,Not advantage,It is disadvantage."You are in within the environment,Too close,To ignore many anything of value,Also can interfere with your studies,Even you've been the internalization,So in the study put themselves out to pull away."Water think led his team to do the research,Requirements do not write"Tall all"of"My teacher"Type composition,But to the university teachers' reduction into ordinary one,Figure out their emotions,Don't do the review,True record their struggle/Search and helpless.

　　

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垫工资做调查 Mat wage make a survey

　　从2011年1月到2012年6月，一年半的时间，廉思带领30人的团队完成了高校青年教师的抽样调查。涉及北京、上海、广州、武汉和西安5个城市，共135所高校，发放5400份问卷，收回问卷5138份。

From January 2011 to June 2012,A year and a half of the time,Water thoughts lead 30 people team completed the young university teachers with the varying of sampling survey.In Beijing/Shanghai/guangzhou/Wuhan and xian five cities,A total of 135 universities,Issue 5400 copies of questionnaires,Take the questionnaire of 5138.

　　“72.3%是压力族，近七成每月难有结余，84.5%认为自己处于社会中层及以下……”随着首份《中国高校青年教师调查报告》面世，“工蜂”一词变得广为人知。

"The family is 72.3% pressure,Nearly seventy percent per month to have a balance,84.5% thought themselves in social middle and below……"Along with the first[China's young university teachers survey report]available,"Worker bee"A word become well known.

　　"工蜂’的体型小、位阶低，却是社会金字塔的中坚分子。”廉思告诉记者，如果“蚁族”描述的是底层大学毕业生，“工蜂”则更多凸显了凭知识资本而升入“夹心层”人群的困惑。

"Worker bee’Size small/Rates low,It is social pyramid regulars."Water think told reporters,if"Ant family"Describes the bottom university graduates,"Worker bee"Is more highlights by knowledge capital and to rise"Sandwich layer"People confused.

　　当年《蚁族》中有一个大学生是真名，其他是代名，今年的《工蜂》中，有一个北大老师用的是真名，其他也是代名。

the[Ant family]One of the college students are real name,The other is the generation number,This year's[Worker bee]in,There is a Peking University teacher use is real name,The other is also generation number.

　　廉思坦言自己也是“工蜂”，也要为生活打拼和挣扎，自己这些年做课题和社会调查时所遇到的困难和冷嘲热讽，数不胜数。“就拿‘蚁族’来说，印了将近10万册书，所得稿费和版税远不够调查的开支。以‘工蜂’为例，调查花了40万元。我自己是一名副教授，人微言轻，我所能申请到的课题经费最多不过五万八万，剩下的都是我垫进自己的工资收入去做调查。我们所做的研究不是闭门造车，不是憋在屋里就能写出来的。我自己也要到一线去发问卷。”

Water is also think concede"Worker bee",Also want to fight and struggle for the life,His years do topic and social survey the problems and cynicism,Too numerous to."take‘Ant family’for,Print nearly 100000 books,Income contribution fee and royalty far not enough investigation expenses.to‘Worker bee’For example,Survey spent 400000 yuan.I myself is a associate professor,The reasons of the poor weight not,I can apply to project funds not more than five hundred million and eighty thousand,The rest is I pad into their wage income to make a survey.We've done the research is not work behind closed doors,Not suppress in the house was written out.I also want to a line to send questionnaire."

　　“我们这种自发性社会调查，没钱没人，全凭借个人兴趣和爱好。科学的分层随机抽样需要完整的抽样框，这需要权威部门提供高校的青年教师名单，并从中抽取。但在目前条件下，我们这种调查团队也只能做到如此，已经尽了最大的努力。事实上，《工蜂》的作用并不仅是要提出这个概念，而是将这个群体的真实面貌拉到群众的视野中。作为国内第一个实现的全国范围高校青年教师调查，抛砖引玉，推动针对高校青年教师工作、生活各方面的改革，我们就达到目的了。至于更为科学严谨的调查研究，那是永无止境的。”针对社会上某些人对该调查的苛责，廉思如此“反击”。

"We this spontaneous social investigation,No money no one,Full with personal interests and hobbies.Scientific stratified random sampling need to complete sampling frame,This requires authority departments to provide the youth teacher list,Through it and extraction.But in the present conditions,We this investigation team also can only do so much,Have done my best.In fact,[Worker bee]Role and is not only to put forward this concept,But this group will be the real appearance of the masses and the field of vision.As the domestic first realization of young university teachers nationwide survey,something,To promote young university teachers' work/Life in the reform,We will achieve the purpose.As for the more rigorous scientific research,It is endless."According to the society for the study of some people cavil,Water think so"counterattack".

　　

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我和我的团队 I and my team

　　廉思透露，他的团队有30人，都是“80后”、“90后”，大部分是北大、人大、清华、北师大和北理工的学生，还有一些已经毕业参加了工作，他们是最早的一批，从“蚁族”调查一直坚持到现在。这30人都是义务调查，利用晚上和周末开会研讨，没有任何报酬。廉思团队有三个特点：一是通过实地调查获得一手数据，坚持研究者必须“入场”，与研究对象面对面接触；二是通过专业优势互补加深对问题的理解。团队成员分别来自不同高校，不同专业，文理兼顾，各取所长。三是团队成员都是年轻人，没有职务高低，没有地位尊卑，大家都是主人，大家都是主体。这么些年来，团队的调查水平不断提高，磨合程度更加默契，研究能力不断加强。

Water think revealed,He has a team of 30 people,are"After 80"/"After 90",Most of north/National People's Congress/tsinghua/Beijing normal university and north polytechnic students,And some have graduation took part in the work,They are the first,from"Ant family"Investigation has been insisting to now.This 30 people are compulsory investigation,Taking advantage of the evening and weekend discussion at the meeting,No any remuneration.Water think team has three characteristics:One is through the field survey for a data,The researchers must adhere to"admission",With the research object of face-to-face contact;The second is through professional advantage complementary to deepen the understanding of the problem.The team members were from different universities,Different professional,Unity and coherence in writing of give attention to two or morethings,From each director.Three is a team members are young people,No jobtitle,No honour low status,Everyone is the master,Everyone is main body.So much years,The investigation team level enhances unceasingly,Running in degree more tacit understanding,Strengthening research ability.

　　"蚁族’的关键词有两个：奋斗和梦想，《蚁族》这本书主要是呈现社会现象。如果你看到《工蜂》，你会发现，更多的是呈现纵深的东西。我们研究‘工蜂’，不仅给出了宏观的数据，给出了微观的个案，还有纵深的思考。”

"Ant family’There are two key words:Struggle and dreams,[Ant family]This book mainly is to present social phenomenon.If you see[Worker bee],You will find,More is to present the things in depth.We study‘Worker bee’,Not only gives the macro data,Gives the micro case,There are deep thinking."

　　廉思说，“工蜂”的关键词有很多，比如坚持和妥协，自由与枷锁，东西方文化的冲突，出世与入世的纠结等等，难度很大，分化也很明显。有北大同学举过一个简单例子，同属40岁以下“工蜂”，历史系老师骑自行车，北大光华管理学院老师开高档轿车。理科“工蜂”申请的科研经费几百万元不算多，文科经费几十万元已不算少。谈“工蜂”很复杂，离不开高等教育制度、科研评价制度、人事管理制度以及与媒体的关系等等。

Water think said,"Worker bee"There are a lot of keywords,Such as persistence and compromise,Freedom and chains,East and west cultural conflict,Born and wto intertwine and so on,Very difficult,Differentiation is also very obvious.Pku students give a simple example,Belong to 40 years old of the following"Worker bee",The history fasten the teacher to ride a bicycle,Peking University guanghua school of management teacher open high-grade cars.science"Worker bee"Application of scientific research funds millions of dollars isn't much,Hundreds of thousands of yuan liberal arts funding has not less.Talk about"Worker bee"Very complex,Without higher education system/Scientific research evaluation system/Personnel management system and the relationship between the media and so on.

　　廉思直言，当代中国并不缺乏观点，缺乏的是事实。我想，后人过几十年再看我们这个时代，他看到的不光要有宏大的叙事和冰冷的数字，还要有一个个鲜活的人物，他们的生活和他们的故事才最让人感动，这就是《蚁族》和《工蜂》的意义，这也是我们追求的目标。《工蜂》中约取了6个访谈，从历史的纵深来谈高校青年教师，从民国一直谈到现在，拿一句话来说就是，“读懂以来，理解当下”。

Water think the truth,Contemporary China is not a lack of ideas,The lack of the truth.I want to,Later generations a year again see dozens of our times,He saw not only should have grand narrative and cold digital,Have one of the fresh character,Their life and their stories to let's move,This is[Ant family]and[Worker bee]significance,This is also the goal of our pursuit.[Worker bee]About took six interview,From a historical depth to talk about the young college teachers,From the republic of talk until now,Take a word means,"Read since,Understand the".

　　谈及未来，廉思说，有了这些年的实地调查和一手数据的积累，团队将沉潜几年，力图做理论的深化和升华。记者 谭宇宏（深圳晚报）

Talked about the future,Water think said,Have all these years of field survey and skill of the accumulation of data,The team will revive your prospects for several years,Try to do theory deepening and the sublimation.Reporter TanYuHong(Shenzhen evening news)