根据教育数据咨询和评估机构麦可思公司的调查数据，有30%的本科生对自己所学专业不满，而另一份相关单位的调查数据则称有29.5%的人不满意当年自己所选的专业。

According to the education data consultation and appraisal institution Michael's investigation data,30% of the undergraduate students to apply what they learn professional dissatisfaction,And the other a relevant units of survey data, said 29.5% of the people are not satisfied with the selected his professional.

选错专业的代价 Choose the wrong professional cost

　　如今已经赴海外读研的王楠，高考时曾一心一意想学经济，却不料自己被分配到了一个文科类专业。她坦言自己被分到不喜欢专业的原因是高考前太过自信，只重视报考时对第一专业的选择，而第二至第五专业就随意填写了，结果被后面的专业录取。“我很多同学都和我一样，没考到最理想的分数，但又没慎重考虑‘备胎’专业，结果被后面的专业录取时追悔莫及。”为了变相转专业，王楠只得在本科毕业后出国读心仪专业的研究生，但为此，她不仅付出了几十万元学费的代价，还要在异国他乡用外语补上本科阶段没有学到的专业课知识。

Now to the overseas to go to graduate school of wang nan,When the university entrance exam once intend to learn economic,But was himself was assigned to a liberal art class specialized.She said he was assigned to the don't like professional reason is too confident before the college entrance examination,Only pay attention to enter oneself for an examination on the first professional choice,While the second to the fifth professional is optional to fill in,The result is the back of the professional admission."Many of my classmates and me,Didn't test to the most ideal score,But not careful consideration‘Spare tire’professional,The result is the back of the professional still accepted."In order to turn professional in disguised form,Wang nan had to go abroad to read in undergraduate course graduation after the right of professional graduate student,But for this,She not only paid hundreds of thousands of yuan tuition cost,In a foreign country to use a foreign language to fill the undergraduate stage did not learn specialized knowledge.

　　多年从事留学生中介工作的郑老师则告诉记者，通过出国读研来达到变相转专业的目的，其实也有风险，因为有的国家会担心留学生转专业是有“移民倾向”，进而拒签或是在毕业后不愿意给予工作签证。

For many years engaged in foreign students intermediary work zheng teachers were told reporters,Through the go abroad to go to graduate school to achieve the purpose of disguised turn professional,In fact also has a risk,Because some countries worry that students are turned professional"Immigration tendency",Then denied or after graduation is not willing to give a work visa.

　　而她的同学廖志强则采取了另一种方式“转专业”复读重新参加高考，但这也让他在大学毕业后更加苦恼。“参加工作后，我比同届同学历的人都大，以后到了提升时就成了年龄劣势。有的时候，总是在想，这样值么？”

And her classmates LiaoZhiJiang is taken another way"Turn professional"Answer read to attend the university entrance exam,But it also let him in after graduation from the university more misery."After working,I was the same with degree are big,Later came to ascend became age disadvantage.sometimes,Always want to,This value??"

　　据媒体报道，湖北秭归一名女生在北京大学哲学专业就读两年后，因专业不满意，转专业无果遂退学参加今年高考，结果分数尚不及600分。这名秭归女生的遭遇并非孤例，去年武汉某高校还曾发生一名纺织类专业学生因转专业未果，挥二十余刀以自残的极端案例。

According to media reports,Hubei zigui a girl in Beijing university philosophy professional studying two years later,For professional not satisfied,Turn professional fruit and drop out of school to participate in this year the university entrance exam,Results score was still less than 600 points.The name of the girl zigui encounter is not isolated cases,Wuhan last year a university had happened a textile majors for failing to turn professional,With more than 20 knife to self-mutilation extreme cases.

　　据记者了解，目前大部分高校尚不允许本科生就读期间自由转换专业，少数允许学生在大二时有条件转专业的高校，不但允许转专业的名额寥寥无几，而且对学生大一阶段的成绩有非常苛刻的要求，并且学生的高考成绩必须达到转向的专业当年的录取分数线，另外学生转向的专业，通常也要求有人必须转出，这样才能保持各专业的毕业人数不会比录取时多，以免在学生毕业时带来不必要麻烦。

According to reporter understanding,At present most universities is not allowed during undergraduate study free conversion professional,A few allows students in two universities have condition turn professional,Not only allowed to turn professional very few places,For the students and one stage achievements have very strict requirements,And the students of the university entrance exam must achieve steering professional when admit fractional line,In addition to professional students,Usually also requires someone has to roll out,In order to keep the specialized graduation number of people not to admit more than when,In order to avoid unnecessary trouble when they graduate students bring.

　　但据不少大学生反映，即便有个别转专业的名额，但也常常无济于事，一方面是本身就不喜欢学现阶段专业，再要求学到成绩年级前列才能转专业有些“得不偿失”，第二是偏文科类、经济类专业转向偏理工类专业的可能性极低，“和高考一样，好的专业人人都抢，不好的专业没人想转去，想转出去还求之不得呢。”一名部属高校的大二学生告诉记者。

But according to many college students reflect,Even with the number of individual turn professional,But also often useless,On the one hand is itself does not like to learn professional at the present stage,Ask for learn performance grade forefront to turn professional some"The loss outweights the gain",The second is partial of liberal arts/Economy class specialized steering partial science &engineering professional possibility is extremely low,"And the university entrance exam,Good professional everyone rob,Bad professional nobody want to turn away,Want to turn out is most welcome it."A subordinate college sophomore told reporters.

　　“以前家长老师总说，考上什么大学决定终身，其实现在看看真的不是这样，没有多少单位会因为你不是哪个大学毕业的而不要你，但完全可以因为你不是学这个专业的而不要你，学校以后可以通过考研、出国再换，但专业却能跟人一辈子。”廖志强对记者说，“但是，我读高三的时候，没有人告诉我这些，老师和家长只知道催我们一个劲地‘傻做题’，从不谈人生规划。”

"Before the parent/teacher always said,Take an examination of what university decided to life,In fact now look at really is not so,Not many units will be because you're not which university graduate and don't you,But can because you do not learn the professional and don't you,After school through one's deceased father grind/Go abroad and in,But professional but to people for a lifetime."LiaoZhiJiang told reporters,"but,When I read the high,No one told me these,Teachers and parents know only push we 1 vigorously‘Silly do topic’,Never talk about life planning."

只重学校牌子不重专业 Heavy school brand not heavy professional

　　高校生选错专业，与学生和家长对专业的不甚了解不无关系。在北京市一所高中从事多年班主任工作的张老师告诉记者，她曾经建议家长，在高二暑假让自己的孩子去自己想学的专业的就业场所去看看，体验一下生活。

College students choose the wrong professional,And students and parents to professional does not understand very not relationship.In Beijing a high school teacher in charge work in the years of teacher zhang told reporters,She had suggested that parents,In eleventh grade summer let their children to oneself want to learn professional employment places to see,Experience life to the.

　　“如果你想学金融，那就去咨询一下银行柜员的工作状态，因为现在本科生都要从基层岗位干起，不要好高骛远，也不要对专业想当然，以为学了金融就能当银行家，跑贷款。假如这个孩子真的觉得自己以后能够接受这样的柜员生活，我才建议他报考。”但是，张老师发现，自己的建议几乎没有几个家长听进去，家长们都只在意应试本身，假期都忙于安排孩子去补课，无暇顾及这样的职业体验。而且许多家长对于专业的认识也想当然，认为孩子学了什么将来就是“什么家”，从未设想过孩子本科毕业后可能从事与想象不同的基层岗位。而当学生大学入学后，从往届生那里得知就业的岗位情况后，往往会因此厌学，要求转专业。

"If you want to learn financial,That went to consult a bank teller working condition,Because now undergraduate from grass-roots post bottom,Don't chew,Don't take for granted to professional,Think to learn the financial can when bankers,Run loan.If the child really feel later can accept this cabinet life,I just suggest he enter oneself for an examination."but,Teacher zhang found,His advice very few parents to hear,Parents only care about exam-oriented itself,Holidays are busy arrange children to make up a missed lesson,Too busy to attend to this professional experience.And many parents for professional understanding also take it for granted,Think that children learn what is in the future"What's",Never imagine the child after undergraduate course graduation may be engaged in different jobs at the grass-roots level and imagination.And when the students after the university entrance,From past life there that employment post after the situation,Often can therefore be disgusted,Requirements turn professional.

　　沉重的高考压力让职业规划离考生相当遥远。不得已，他们的父母越俎代庖，成了高考报考志愿的决策者。

Heavy pressure to make the university entrance exam career planning from the examinee quite far away.forced,Their parents do it for someone else,Become the university entrance exam to enter oneself for an examination voluntary decision makers.

　　“家长们只在意高考分数和孩子所报考大学的排名和声誉，却忽视专业的因素，也忽略了孩子自身的爱好。他们仅仅把上了大学当做高考的最终目的，却丝毫没有考虑到，对于大部分学生而言，参加高考，读大学的最终出路其实是就业。”张老师如是说。

"Parents only care about the university entrance exam scores and children have to enter oneself for an examination university ranking and reputation,But ignore professional factors,It also ignores the child's own hobby.They only put on the university as the ultimate goal of the university entrance exam,But no considering,For most students it,Participate in college entrance examination,Reading university final way out is actually employment."Teacher zhang said.

　　教育部高教司于去年9月14日发布的《普通高等学校本科专业目录(修订二稿)》中，普通高等院校本科招生专业共拟分为12门类、94个专业类、469个专业，而在此次修订之前，本科招生是依照1998年修订的目录，则分为11个门类、73个专业类、623个专业。

The ministry of education GaoJiaoSi last September 14 issued[Professional undergraduate course of common colleges and universities directory(Revision revision)]in,Ordinary institutions of higher learning professional undergraduate admissions were quasi divided into 12 categories/94 professional class/469 professional,And in this revision before,Undergraduate enrollment is in accordance with the 1998 revision of the directory,Are divided into 11 categories/73 professional class/623 professional.

　　繁杂的专业名录，不仅许多学生和家长搞不清楚，连一些中学老师也难以全部通晓。“当初报名的时候，有很多专业我们听都没听说过，比如像什么”国民经济管理“到底是干什么的？还有的理工科专业只有专业人士才能搞明白，比如这个”粉体材料科学与工程“，我们家长哪儿知道什么叫粉体啊？其实家长最多也就能分清楚几个大类，我们问班主任，班主任也搞不懂。”廖志强的爸爸告诉记者。

Multifarious professional list,Not only many students and parents don't know,Even some middle school teachers are hard to all familiar with."At the beginning of the time,There are a lot of professional we listen to have never heard of,Like what"National economic management"What is stem what of?And of science and engineering professional only professionals can understand,Such as the"Powder materials science and engineering",Where are we parents know what call powder?In fact most parents also can distinguish several categories,We asked the teacher in charge,The teacher in charge also don't understand."LiaoZhiJiang father told reporters.

　　也有企业人事部门负责人向记者反映，高校一些专业划分过细后，其实并无太多异同，“很多专业其实出来都是一种工作，课程和知识结构也大多雷同，名字太忽悠人。”

Also have enterprise personnel department person in charge told reporters reflect,University some professional after divided carefully,Not too many similarities and differences,"A lot of professional actually out is a kind of work,Courses and knowledge structure are identical,Name too flicker people."

　　甚至有的学生在录取以后，还不知道自己即将就读的专业是做什么的。王楠的一位同学的经历就更令人“大跌眼镜”，她在被传播学专业录取后，还一度误以为自己要学医了，当时这名同学把新闻传播中的“传播”，误解做疾病传播中的“传播”了。

Even some students in after admission,Do not know you are going to study professional do.Wang nan's a classmate experience is more a"levels",She was communication professional after admission,Also once mistakenly assume that you want to study medicine, the,At the time the students put the news dissemination"spread",Misunderstanding of do the spread of disease"spread"the.

　　而在张老师的班里，曾有家长建议学校应当请一些职业规划师，为高三学生参谋规划，但学校的兴趣并不大，一方面是因为这与高考平均分无关，另一方面是，学校也不知道在这方面，哪些机构更加权威。“其实还有一个原因是，高中之所以只抓教学，不愿帮学生规划专业，是因为怕学生选错了，以后后悔了，学校‘落埋怨’。”

And in a teacher's class,Had parents suggested schools shall please some professional planners,For high school students staff planning,But interest in school is not big,On the one hand, because this has nothing to do with average college entrance examination,On the other hand is,The school also don't know in this respect,Which institutions more authority."There is also a reason is,High school is just grab the teaching,Don't want to help students plan professional,Because I was afraid of students choose the wrong,Regret later the,The school‘LaMaiYuan’."

高校的难言之隐 University of secret sorrow

　　有业内人士告诉记者，对于高校而言，之所以难以打开自由转专业的大门，也有其自身的难言之隐。一方面是难以量化考查学生，转专业既要考虑学生喜好，又要考量学生潜力，同时还要考虑到学生的学业水平，难以评判。学生的综合素质难以量化，但如果仅凭成绩决定转专业与否，又会重蹈高考覆辙。而在转专业过程中无法量化考查就可能带来递条子，托人情等寻租空间，在可能有失公平的同时也让高校自身处境尴尬。

The personage inside course of study tells a reporter,For university is concerned,Is difficult to open the door of free turn professional,Also has its own secret sorrow.On the one hand is hard to quantify examines student,Turn professional should consider student preferences,And to consider potential students,At the same time also must consider to students' academic level,Difficult to judge.Students' comprehensive quality are difficult to quantify,But if only depends on the result decided to turn professional or not,And repeat the university entrance exam again.And in turn professional process can't quantitative examination may bring drink.examination,TuoRenQing rent-seeking space, etc,In the may fair also let the universities stick out like a sore thumb.

　　而高校不敢开放转专业渠道另一方面的原因是，如果开放转专业，文史哲和农林类这些冷专业的学生有可能会争相转向经济类等热门专业，不可避免地造成学科比例失衡。

In colleges and universities can't open turn professional channels on the other hand is the reason,If open turn professional,WenShiZhe and agriculture and forestry class these cold professional students may have struggled to turn popular major economic class, etc,Inevitably cause subject imbalance.

　　“其实‘既来之则安之’也不失为一种办法。”如今在一家金融机构负责化工类企业的金融服务的孙晨告诉记者。她高考时曾经一心想学金融，结果却被自己当时报名的第五专业化学专业录取，为了能够再圆“金融梦”，不能不出国读研。到了找工作时，孙晨发现了自己的“跨专业优势”。“因为我本科是学化学的，所以涉及化工企业的金融服务，我比纯粹学金融的专业很多。人生有时候是‘塞翁失马，焉知非福’，不管以后想干什么，学好当下的专业才是最重要的，机会留给有准备的人。”

"In fact‘Take it as it comes’Also can yet be regarded as a kind of method."Now in a financial institution responsible for chemical class enterprise's financial services SunChen told reporters.She at once the university entrance exam to learn financial,The results are that the fifth sign up professional chemical professional admission,In order to be able to circle"Financial dream",Have to go abroad to go to graduate school.In looking for a job,SunChen found his"Cross major advantage"."Because my undergraduate course is to learn chemistry,So involved in chemical enterprise's financial services,I learn than purely financial professional many.Life is sometimes‘A blessing in disguise,Behind bad luck comes good luck’,Whatever you want to do after,Learn the professional is the most important,Opportunity to be there for those who are prepared."

　　记者了解到，即便高考专业录取出现改革，目前也有很多现实问题无解。关键是，应当通过各方面的努力，在高中阶段就开始培养学生的职业规划思维。

The reporter understands,Even if the college entrance examination professional admission appear reform,At present also has a lot of realistic problems without solution.Key is,Should be through the for the efforts from all sides,In the high school stage began to cultivate students' career planning thinking.

　　对此，亦有相关专家建议，高校可以用过开辟辅修、第二专业和国际合作等诸多方式，在现有客观条件下尽可能给予学有余力的学生，在本科阶段学习第二专业的机会，弥补高考时期的人生遗憾。而中学则应在高中阶段适度引入职业指导类课程，让学生更好地抉择未来的专业、未来的职业。(记者 赵昂)

this,Also have relevant expert advice,Universities can be used open minor/The second professional and international cooperation, and many other ways,In the existing objective conditions to learn as much as possible spare capacity of students,In the undergraduate stage learning a second professional opportunity,Make up for the university entrance exam period of life regret.And the middle school should be moderate in high school into the vocational guidance courses,Let students better choice future professional/My future career.(Reporter ZhaoAng)