人民网北京9月4日电（记者 许博）9月迎来了开学季，人民网《对话教育》邀请了北京安博教育学校校长张永春和心理健康教育教师周霞做客人民网，与大家一同探讨，开学第一课：如何更好的适应新课堂。

People net Beijing on September 4 (Reuters)(Reporter XuBo)September ushered in the opening quarter,we[Dialogue education]Invited Beijing ember education school principal ZhangYongChun and mental health education teachers ZhouXia we visit,With everybody together,First class:How to better adapt to the new class.

　　张永春表示初中和小学相比：一个特点是科目重多了，比如说初二增加了物理，初三增加了化学，还有各方面的学科；第二方面是难度增大了，小学一学期的内容可能在中学中几节课就完成了。另外是应考的指向性比较明确了，小学没有统一的考试，但是有中考、高考，有一个明确的目标，将来要到哪个重点中学、到哪个大学，有了明确的目标之后对孩子可能会有激励或者是有压力，各方面都会产生一定的影响。

ZhangYongChun said junior middle school and primary school compared:A characteristic is subject heavier,For example there increased physical,Third day increased chemical,And all aspects of discipline;The second aspect is the increased the difficulty,Primary school a semester content may be in the middle school a few class was finished.In addition is take an examination of the directivity is made clear,Elementary school has no unified examination,But there are tests/College entrance examination,Have a clear goal,The future what the key middle school/To which university,With definite goals after the child may have incentive or there is a pressure,Various aspects will certainly have an impact.

　　他说，尤其是对初二的学生来说，那是特别关键的一年，往往很多孩子掉队就是在初二这一年发生的，因为这一年正好是一个心智发育的关键期，还是学习生活的关键期。心智发育主要是14岁前后的逆反心理，另外学习这块随着科目的增加，难度的加深，孩子产生了不适应。尤其是初二，可能需要家长多关注，多一些理解、多一些鼓励。

He said,Especially for teenager students,It is especially a key,Often a lot of children left behind is in early this year happen,Because this year just is a mental development of the critical period,Or learn life critical period.Mental development is mainly 14 before and after the negative mentality,In addition to learn this along with the increase of the subject,Difficult deepen,The children produced does not adapt.Especially there,May need to parents pay more attention,More understanding/Some encouragement.

　　周霞表示，这个时候就是常说的青春期，青春期会比平时更不听话。孩子的心理在发生着特别微妙的变化，孩子身高长高了，感觉自己更有力量了，很多事情他能够完成了。所以这也是他为什么会逆反的原因，是因为他觉得我行了，我行我就不用听我爸我妈的，自己来就可以了，就觉得有主义了，这其实是一个好事，是一个特别重要的走向独立的过程。心理学有一个课程，从家庭的一分子走向一个独立的个体其中有一个阶段，一开始是分化，这个多少有点分化的意思，分化之后要出去实践，会去尝试，自己拿主义做很多事情就是在尝试。实践之后他还会受挫折，还会有问题，这时候他其实是要回来求助，最终才实现独立的过程。所以在这四个过程中，实践和求助是不可省略的，必须要有，这时候家长第一要给他一点空间，让他去尝试，让他去做。

ZhouXia said,This time is often said adolescence,Adolescence will more than usual not obedient.The child's psychological in producing a special subtle change,Child's height has grown,Feel more power,A lot of things he can finished.So this is also why he negative reason,Because he felt the I,I listen to my dad I don't have my mom's,Oneself to it,Just feel the socialism,This is actually a good thing,Is a particularly important to independent process.Psychology have a course,From the family of a molecular to an independent individual one stage,A beginning is differentiation,This somewhat differentiation mean,Differentiation to go out after practice,Will try,Take their socialist to do many things is trying to.After practice, he will also be setbacks,Will also have problems,This time he actually is to come back for help,Finally realize independent process.So in this four process,Practice and help is an elliptical,Must have,At that time the parents first will give him a little space,Let him go to try to,Let him go to do.

　　她认为，或者觉得有危险百分之百这个事就不能考虑了。同时要给孩子技巧和方法上的指导，比如什么是危险的，什么是安全的，什么是对的，什么是错的，什么方法更有效，这些要给予指导，这样孩子就学会了技能。如果他再遇到问题时怎么心甘情愿地回来找你。

She thinks,Or think it is dangerous one hundred percent this thing to cannot be considered.At the same time to give the child skills and methods of guidance,For example what is dangerous,What is safe,What is right,What is wrong,What method is more effective,These give guidance,Such children will learn the skills.If he would have a problem how to be willing to get back to you.

　　周霞说，每个家长都很有智慧，有办法和孩子进行良好的沟通，主要是看家长有没有这个意愿，有了意愿，技巧是很简单的事，总是会有的。慢慢的，孩子沟通好了，他有了来求助的意愿，感觉父母是支持他的，理解他的，这样他遇到问题会问父母，这样可以把这个阶段顺利地度过去。

ZhouXia said,Every parents are very wise,There are ways to and children good communication,Basically be to see parents have the intention,A willingness to,Skills are very simple things,Will always be some.slowly,Children communication well,He had to turn to,Feeling is to support his parents,Understand his,So he encounter problems will ask parents,So we can put this stage successfully degree in the past.

　　谈到与孩子沟通的小技巧，周霞表示，要把孩子看成和我们一样平等的，这时候沟通就会容易进行。我们很多时候说设身处地，对家长和孩子也是适用的。

When it comes to communication with their little skill,ZhouXia said,To take the children as and we are equal,This time it will be easier for communication.Many of our time to say put yourself in the other,For parents and children is also applicable.

　　对于即将迎来中考和高考的学生来说，面对应试年张永春表示，变化是比较大的，竟争也比较激烈，尤其北京初升高，中考这块可以说比上大学还难，因为好多学生要上师范高中，比如海淀区，海淀区可能有18000左右的学生要上师范校，只有4000左右的名额，4：1的样子，所以压力是非常大的。在这么大的压力下，怎么调整好自己的心态，这是需要注意的一个问题。一般情况下，孩子在考前，复习的这一年会有焦虑，如果适当的话会有助于孩子提高学习效率的，这是好事，如果压力过大会适得其反，很久进入不了状态，或者纠着一点错误一直放不下来，一直在心里边。

For the mid-term exam and the university entrance exam in the students,In the face of examination-oriented years ZhangYongChun said,Change is bigger,Competition is fierce,Especially Beijing rise early,Tests the say than the university also difficult,Because many students want to go to the normal high school,Haidian district, such as,Haidian district may have around 18000 students want to go to the normal school,Only 4000 or so quota,4:The appearance of 1,So the pressure is very big.Under all this pressure,How to adjust oneself state of mind,This is one of the problems need to be paid attention to.generally,The child before the exam,A review of the this year will have anxiety,If appropriate words will help children improve the learning efficiency,This is a good thing,If the pressure will backfire,For a long time into the state,The rectification or a little mistake has been put down,Has in mind in.