近日，教育部正式颁布实施新的《普通高等学校本科专业目录(2012年)》（以下简称新目录）和《普通高等学校本科专业设置管理规定》（以下简称新规定）。

recently,The ministry of education formal promulgation and implementation of the new[Professional undergraduate course of common colleges and universities directory(In 2012,)](Hereinafter referred to as the new catalogue)and[Professional undergraduate course of common colleges and universities set up management regulations](Hereinafter referred to as the new regulations).

　　新规定是专业设置管理的法规性文件，也是实施新目录的重要配套文件。与原规定相比，“一扩二减三加强”是新规定最显著的特点。“一扩”是扩大了高校本科专业设置自主权；“二减”是减少了专业的审批环节和审批数量；“三加强”是加强了信息服务与公开，加强了专家组织作用的发挥，加强了新设专业的质量管理。

The new regulations is a professional set of management, legal documents,Also implement new directory of the important supporting documents.Compared with the original provisions,"A expanding two minus three strengthen"The new regulations is the most significant characteristic."A expansion"Is expanded college undergraduate course major setting autonomy;"Two minus"Is to reduce the professional examination and approval process and examination and approval number;"Three strengthen"Is to strengthen the information service and public,To strengthen the experts plays an important role in the organization,To strengthen the newly established professional quality management.

　一、新规定的修订背景 a/The new regulations revision background

　　为促进高等教育规模、结构、质量、效益协调发展，推进高校依法自主办学进程，1999年教育部颁布了《高等学校本科专业设置规定》，对指导高校专业设置和调整起到了十分重要的作用。但是，1999年版《设置规定》在执行过程中逐步显示出了“两个不到位”的问题。即落实高校设置专业的自主权不到位、政府宏观监管不到位。具体而言，一是专业设置管理的程序较多，备案或审批时间过长，不利于高校主动调整和优化本科专业设置。二是教育部负责审批的专业种数过多，客观上造成高校自主权相对较小，不利于促进高校分层分类发展和宏观管理。三是部分高校存在“重申报，轻建设”现象，专业内涵建设亟待加强。

To promote higher education scale/structure/quality/Benefit coordinated development,Promoting the independent school in accordance with the process,In 1999, the ministry of education promulgated[Higher school undergraduate professional set rules],To guide the professional set up and adjust plays a very important role.but,The 1999 version[Provisions set]In the execution process gradually show"Two does not reach the designated position"problems.Namely implement university set up professional autonomy does not reach the designated position/The government macro regulation is not in place.In particular,One is the professional installation management program more,The examination and approval or for the record for a long time,Against the active adjustment and optimization of undergraduate professional Settings.The second is in charge of examination and approval by the ministry of education professional species too much,Which cause the autonomy of the relatively small,To promote the hierarchical classification development and macro management.The third is part of the universities' existence"Reiterated to,Light construction"phenomenon,The construction of professional connotation to be strengthened.

二、新规定的修订原则 two/The new regulations revision principle

　　1.体现简政放权，扩大自主设置。修订工作要贯彻落实教育规划纲要提出的“落实和扩大高校办学自主权”和高校“自主设置和调整学科、专业”的改革要求，减少专业设置的审批环节，探索建立高校享有更多自主权且有效自律、政府宏观调控的本科专业设置管理机制。

1. Reflect streamline administration decentralization,Expand independent set.Revision work to implement the education plan for the proposed"Implement and expand the school-running autonomy"And college"Independent set up and adjust disciplines/professional"Demands for reform,Reduce the set of professional examination and approval link,Explore to establish universities have more autonomy and effective self-discipline/The government's macroeconomic regulation and control of undergraduate professional installation management mechanism.

　　2.突出主动适应，形成动态调整。新《管理规定》既要落实和扩大高校办学自主权，保证高校能够依据《管理规定》自主设置和调整专业，主动适应经济社会发展需要；又要建立对办学条件严重不足、教学质量低下、就业率过低专业的退出机制，形成专业动态调整，确保专业建设质量。

2. Highlight the initiative to adapt to,Formation dynamic adjustment.The new[Management regulations]Both must implement and expand the school-running autonomy,Ensure that college can basis[Management regulations]Independent set up and adjust professional,Take the initiative to meet the needs of economic and social development;And should establish a serious shortage of school running conditions/Teaching quality is low/The employment rate is too low professional exit mechanism,Forming professional dynamic adjustment,Ensure the professional construction quality.

　　3.转变管理方式，创新服务手段。新《管理规定》既要体现加强专业申报信息公开和社会监督，推进专业设置公开透明；又要强化服务意识，建立专业设置和调整的公共信息服务与管理平台，实现专业设置管理的信息化、网络化。

3. Change the structure of management,Innovation service means.The new[Management regulations]Not only should reflect strengthen professional declaration information public and social supervision,Promote professional set transparent;And to strengthen the service consciousness,Establish professional setting and adjustment of public information service and management platform,Achieve professional installation management information/network.

　　4.注重内涵建设，强化质量监督。建立以提高专业质量为导向的管理办法，引导高校注重专业内涵建设，积极推进专业质量标准研制，确保专业设置的基本质量；积极开展专业质量认证，加强新设专业的监测评估，促进新设专业办学质量持续提高。

4. Pay attention to the connotation construction,Strengthening the quality supervision and.Establish to improve professional quality oriented management measures,Guide the university to pay attention to professional connotation construction,Actively promote professional quality standards development,Ensure the professional set of basic quality;Actively carry out professional quality certification,Strengthen the newly established professional monitoring and evaluation,Promote the newly established professional education quality continues to improve.

三、新规定的主要变化 three/The new regulation major changes

　　新《管理规定》由总则、专业目录、专业设置、专业调整、专业设置评议专家组织、专业监督检查评估、附则等七章二十九条组成。主要变化体现在四个方面。

The new[Management regulations]The general principles/Professional directory/Professional Settings/Professional adjustment/Major setting the evaluation experts organization/Professional supervision and inspection of the assessment/Supplementary provisions and chapter 7 of article 29.The main change is embodied in four aspects.

　　1.管理范围的变化。1999年版名称为《高等学校本科专业设置规定》（以下简称99版）；修订后为《普通高等学校本科专业设置管理规定》。一是“高等学校”修改为“普通高等学校”，划定了管理的范围；二是增加了“管理”两字，侧重专业设置的管理，符合由办教育向管教育的转变。

1. The management scope changes.1999 edition name for[Higher school undergraduate professional set rules](Hereinafter referred to as the 99 edition);After revision for[Professional undergraduate course of common colleges and universities set up management regulations].One is"Higher school"Modification for"Common colleges and universities",A range of management;The second is to increase the"management"Two words,Emphasis on the management of the professional Settings,Consistent with the do education to tube education transformation.

　　2.专业设置权限的变化。99版规定“在核定的专业设置数和学科门类内自主设置、调整专业。设置、调整核定的学科门类范围外的专业，由学校主管部门审批，报教育部备案”，新《管理规定》明确“高校根据《专业目录》设置专业（国家控制布点专业除外），经以下程序报教育部备案”，将高校专业自主设置范围扩大到《专业目录》中除国家控制布点的所有专业，将原教育主管部门审批的专业改为高校自主设置。

2. Professional set permissions change.The 99 edition rules"In the verification of professional setting number and discipline class independent set in/Adjusting professional.set/Adjustment of the approved scope of discipline class of the professional,The competent department for examination and approval by the school,Quote the ministry of education for the record",The new[Management regulations]clear"According to the[Professional directory]Set professional(State control stationing major except),The following program by the ministry of education for the record",Will the professional independent setting expanded to[Professional directory]In addition the stationing state control of all professional,The education department for examination and approval of professional college to self setting.

　　3.管理方式与手段的变化。新《管理规定》充分运用现代信息技术，积极推进网上公开申报、受理和咨询，高校备案或审批专业的材料全部实行网上公示，广泛接受社会监督。

(3) management mode and means change.The new[Management regulations]Make full use of modern information technology,Actively promote online open declaration/Accept and consulting,The examination and approval for the record or professional material all the online publication,Widely accept social supervision.

　　4.专业管理监督机制的变化。一是突出专家组织作用，建立了高校、省级教育主管部门和教育部三级专业设置评议和监督检查评估工作机制。二是规定对新设专业进行年度检查、发布新专业建设年度质量报告，建立对办学质量低下的专业实行限期整改、暂停招生等退出机制，保证专业目录的动态调整，建立政府宏观调控、高校自主自律的本科专业设置管理机制。

4. Changes of professional management supervision mechanism.One is the outstanding experts organization function,To establish the university/The provincial education department and ministry of education level 3 major setting appraisal, supervision and inspection of the evaluation mechanism.The second is to the new provisions set professional annual inspection/Release a new professional construction annual quality report,Based on the low quality of professional practice rectification within a prescribed time limit/Stop recruit students and exit mechanism,Ensure the professional directory dynamic adjustment,Establish the government macroeconomic regulation and control/The independent self-discipline of undergraduate professional installation management mechanism.

四、新规定的新特点 four/The new regulation new characteristics

　　“一扩二减三加强”是新规定最显著的特点。

"A expanding two minus three strengthen"The new regulations is the most significant characteristic.

　　“一扩”。落实和扩大高校本科专业设置自主权。新《管理规定》实施后，高校可以在除国家控制布点专业之外的专业目录内自主设置本科专业，专业设置权限直接下放到高校。

"A expansion".Implement and expand college undergraduate course major setting autonomy.The new[Management regulations]After implementation,Universities can be in except the state control stationing professional outside of the professional within the directory self setting undergraduate professional,Professional set access directly to the university.

　　“二减”。一是减少了审批环节。将原规定由高校主管部门审批的专业，改为高校自主设置。二是减少了专业审批数量。原目录外386种专业和目录内24种专业均需审批，现仅对62种国家控制布点专业和尚未列入《专业目录》的新专业进行审批。经批准，新增的专业次年即列入目录并向社会公布，其他高校可根据每年公布的《专业目录》自主设置除国家控制布点外的专业，不需再审批。

"Two minus".One is to reduce the links for examination and approval.The provisions of the competent department for examination and approval by the professional,To set up university autonomy.The second is to reduce the professional examination and approval number.The original directory 386 professional and directory within 24 professional all needs to examination and approval,Now only the 62 kinds of state control stationing professional and has not been included in the[Professional directory]New professional for examination and approval.approved,The new professional is listed in the catalog announce to the society,According to the other university published annually[Professional directory]Independent set except state control stationing outside professional,It does not need to examination and approval.

　　“三加强”。一是加强信息服务与公开。建立普通高等学校本科专业公共信息服务与管理平台，高校备案或审批专业的材料全部实行网上公示，广泛接受社会监督。二是加强专家组织作用发挥。建立高校、高校教育主管部门和教育部三级专业设置评议和专业建设监督检查评估工作机制。三是加强新设专业的质量管理。严格新设专业设置的审批，加强新专业办学条件审核；对新设专业进行年度检查、发布新专业建设年度质量报告，建立对办学质量低下的专业实行限期整改、暂停招生等退出机制，推动高校加强专业设置的自律和监控，加强新设专业的质量管理。

"Three strengthen".One is to strengthen information service and public.Undergraduate course of common colleges and universities set up professional public information service and management platform,The examination and approval for the record or professional material all the online publication,Widely accept social supervision.The second is to strengthen the experts organization function.Establishing the/The education department and ministry of education level 3 major setting evaluation and professional construction supervision and inspection of the evaluation mechanism.The third is to strengthen the newly established professional quality management.Strict new set professional Settings for examination and approval,To strengthen the new professional managerial condition audit;For newly established professional annual inspection/Release a new professional construction annual quality report,Based on the low quality of professional practice rectification within a prescribed time limit/Stop recruit students and exit mechanism,Promote universities to strengthen the professional set of self-discipline and monitoring,Strengthen the newly established professional quality management.

　　教育部指出，新目录自发布之日起实施。本年度有关普通高等学校设置和调整本科专业的工作按新目录执行。自2013年起普通高等学校的招生计划和招生工作按新目录执行。2012年之前招收的在校生的培养和就业工作仍按原专业目录执行。教育部拟于近期对普通高等学校现设本科专业进行整理。

The ministry of education pointed out that,Since the new directory issued by the.This year's relevant common colleges and universities set up and adjust undergraduate professional work according to the new directory execution.Since 2013 ordinary higher school enrollment plan and recruitment of students work according to the new directory execution.2012 years ago the recruit students cultivation and employment work still press former professional directory execution.By the ministry of education in the near future the ordinary higher school undergraduate is made out.

　　据悉，为便于新目录的实施，教育部同时印发了《普通高等学校本科专业目录新旧对照表》等有关文件。新的专业介绍也将于近期出版发行。

It is reported,To facilitate the implementation of the new catalog,Issued by the ministry of education at the same time the[Professional undergraduate course of common colleges and universities directory new and old table]And other relevant documents.The new professional introduction in the near future will also be published.