大学生当公交车售票员、擦皮鞋、卖猪肉……从象牙塔中走出的天之骄子，选择的就业岗位越来越广泛。社会科学文献出版社出版的《2012年中国大学生就业报告》显示，2011届大学毕业生中，有14%处于低就业(即从事与专业不相关的工作或半职工作，且在本地区月收入处于最低的25%的毕业生)状态，其中有10.4%为自愿低就业；1.6%的人自主创业。

College students when the bus conductor/shoeshine/Sell pork...From the tower of ivory out of god's favored one,Choice of jobs more and more widely.Social science literature publishing house[In 2012, the Chinese university students' employment report]display,The 2011 college graduates,14% low employment(That is engaged in professional and not related to the job or half worker for,And in this area in the lowest monthly income of 25% of the graduates)state,There are 10.4% of voluntary low employment;1.6% of the people start their own businesses.

　　为何这么多毕业生选择低就业和自主创业？这对高校教育专业设置与学生就业观念的转变带来哪些启示？近日，记者进行了调查，力求探寻其中的原因。

Why so many graduates choose to low employment and do poineering work independently?The college education professional Settings and student's employment concept which changes bring enlightenment?recently,Reporters were investigated,To explore the reason.

　　民心佳园农贸市场的8号摊位，曾经是个猪肉摊，不过没多久，老板就没有再出现了。

People good garden farmer's market booth no. 8,Once a pork booth,But it didn't take long,The boss will not appear again.

　　这个老板就是24岁的长寿人叶飞雨，一个2010年毕业的大学生。

The boss is 24 years old people YeFeiYu longevity,A graduation in 2010 college students.

大学毕业当“猪肉哥” Graduated from the university when"Pork elder brother"

　　早上8点不到，叶飞雨就拿着包匆匆出门了，现在他做的是销售，每天都很辛苦，只为多做一点业务，因为“奋斗才刚刚开始”。

Morning 8 point less than,YeFeiYu took bag in a hurry to go out,Now he do is sales,Very hard every day,Only to do more business,because"Struggle is just beginning".

　　叶飞雨告诉记者，从2010年专科毕业到现在，他已换过3份工作。今年9月份，他开始在天涯重庆上写网络日记。叶飞雨在日记中写道，两年来，他为自己打过两次工，一次是摆地摊，一次是卖猪肉。

YeFeiYu told reporters,From 2010 to now graduated from college,He has changed in the three job.In September this year,He began to write on the chongqing network diary.YeFeiYu wrote in the diary,Two years,He played two work,One was put stall,A is sell pork.

大学毕业为何选择卖猪肉？ University graduate why do you choose to sell pork?

　　“父母在长寿老家做过多年的猪肉生意。”叶飞雨认为，如果从事这行，至少在技术上可以不求人。今年年初，叶飞雨在民心佳园申请到一套公租房，想到这里入住的人会越来越多，他坚信这是个商机，卖猪肉会赚钱。

"Parents in longevity hometown done years of pork business."YeFeiYu think,If engaged in this line,At least in the technology can not ask for help.Earlier this year,YeFeiYu in the public mind good garden application to a male renting a house,Thought of here check-in will more and more,He believes that this is a business opportunities,Sell pork will make money.

　　今年3月份，叶飞雨在民心佳园的农贸市场租下8号摊位，并一次性缴纳了半年租金，并说服父母从长寿来到重庆一起打理猪肉摊。

In march this year,YeFeiYu people good garden in the farmer's market rent booth no. 8,And one-time pay rent for half a year,And persuade parents came to chongqing from longevity together do pork booth.

卖了三天猪肉就放弃 Sell the three days pork will give up

　　4月20日，叶飞雨的猪肉摊开张了。

April 20,,YeFeiYu pork spread out the tickets.

　　最初，他预计每天能卖400斤猪肉，差不多两头猪。第一天，他进了300斤左右，结果剩了几十斤肉，只好放进冰箱里。第二天，他谨慎了些，只进了一头200斤左右的猪，结果还是没卖完，他只好又将剩肉放进冰箱。谁料第三天的情况更糟，一头170斤的猪，肉都没有卖完，冰箱里也放不下了。

first,Every day he expects can sell 400 jins pork,Almost two pigs.The first day,He entered the 300 jins or so,The results left dozens of jins of flesh,Had to put it in the fridge.The next day,He carefully some,Only into a head 200 jins or so of the pig,The results did not sell out,He had to remain in the fridge and meat.During the third day the situation could become worse,A head of 170 jins pigs,Meat are not sold out,The refrigerator is also put it down.

　　“这种生鲜产品，当天卖不完，第二天就不能再卖了。”他告诉记者，前后3天的剩肉都差不多有100斤了，可是家里连冰柜都没有，他也找不到其它处理的途径。

"The fresh products,Sell not over the,The next day he can't sell."He told reporters,Before and after 3 days left meat are almost 100 jins,But even home freezer all have no,He also can not find other ways to deal with.

　　“卖肉那段时间很辛苦。”叶飞雨告诉记者，每天凌晨4点就要起床，晚上9点才能回家。这3天的经历，对叶飞雨的打击很大，他动摇了。思前想后，叶飞雨还是决定放弃，创业的美好梦想只剩下冰箱里一堆没卖完的猪肉……加上缴纳的半年摊位租金，叶飞雨总共损失了5000多元。

"Sell meat that time very hard."YeFeiYu told reporters,At 4 PM every day to get up,9 o 'clock at night to go home.The three days of experience,YeFeiYu to a heavy blow,He has shaken.Think it through,YeFeiYu decided to give up,Business in the fridge dream only a pile of didn't sell out pork...Pay half a year and booth rental,YeFeiYu loses a total of 5000 yuan.

　　“没卖几天就走了，可能是觉得面子挂不住。”民心佳园农贸市场的一些摊贩至今这么认为。“除了经济方面，其他方面压力也很大。”他坦言，面子上始终有些挂不住。“我不需要他赚很多钱，只要有一个稳定工作就满足了。”叶飞雨的父亲叶立明称，还是很介意其他人的眼光，一开始他就很反对儿子卖猪肉，只想儿子找一份一般的工作，安定而体面地生活。

"Don't sell a few days away,May be think face is not hanged."People good garden farmer's market has some vendors think so."In addition to economic,Other aspects pressure is very big also."He said,Face always some is not hanged."I don't need him to make a lot of money,As long as there is a stable job would satisfy the."YeFeiYu father YeLiMing says,Still very mind other people's eye,First he is against the son sell pork,Son just want to find a general work,Stable and decent life.

更多大学生选择低就业 More and more college students choose low employment

　　其实，像叶飞雨一样，做出“不同寻常”选择的毕业生不少。

In fact,Like YeFeiYu as,make"unusual"Choose a lot of graduates.

　　重庆工商大学本科毕业生刘夏选择当公交车售票员，引起激烈讨论；25岁的李轶大学毕业后，在眼镜行卖眼镜，家里人一直很反对；28岁的陈思大学毕业后，在沙坪坝地下商场租了个门面卖服装，不过，坚持一年后因亏损太多，无奈放弃；去年初，10名“川妹子”大学生保姆拍卖……

Chongqing university undergraduate course graduates commerce LiuXia choice when the bus conductor,Hotly discussed;25 LiYi after graduation from the university,In glasses do sell glasses,The family has always been very much against it;At the age of 28 Chen after graduation from the university,In ShaPingBa underground mall rented a facade sell clothing,but,Insist on a year later for loss too much,But give up;Early last year,10"Sichuan sister"College students' nanny auction...

　　“一个本科生能够心态乐观地当售票员，本身就很了不起了，相信她能够在平凡的岗位上做出不平凡的业绩！”网友们认为，放低姿态，扎根基层，也是大学生实现自我价值的一条可选之路。而李轶说，毕业后发现工作比想象中难找，不觉得“站柜台”有什么不妥，能自食其力养活自己。

"A undergraduate can attitude optimistic when the conductor,Itself is very wonderful,Believe she can in ordinary post make extraordinary performance!"Net friends think,Put a low profile,Rooted at the grass-roots level,College students' realization of self-worth is an optional road.And LiYi said,Find work after graduation than imagination hard to find,Don't think"Serve as a shop assistant"What's wrong,Can earn one's own living support himself.

　　社会科学文献出版社出版的《2012年中国大学生就业报告》显示，2011届大学毕业生中，有14%(约70万)处于低就业状态，其中有10.4%为自愿低就业。

Social science literature publishing house[In 2012, the Chinese university students' employment report]display,The 2011 college graduates,14%(About 700000)In the low employment status,There are 10.4% of voluntary low employment.

大学生创业者超四千 College students' entrepreneurs exceeds four thousand

　　陈思服装店关门后，她又盘下一个店面，做起了羊肉汤锅生意。

Mr. Chen clothing store after close the door,She was a pan under a store,The mutton soup pot start business.

　　像她一样开始自主创业的大学毕业生也原来越多。市教委提供的数据显示，2009年，全市有1000余名大学毕业生自主创业，到2011年，创业者增长到4300人，占毕业生总数的3%，高于全国平均水平。今年7月，2012届大学生离开校园，截至8月31日，毕业生创业人数达到3900人，预计年底将超过4500人。记者从重庆市大学中专毕业生就业指导服务中心了解到，现在大学生选择的创业项目主要有工业制造、创意文化和综合服务三大类。

As she began to set their own business college graduates also the more original.Municipal education commission to provide the data display,In 2009,,The city has more than 1000 university graduates start their own businesses,By 2011,Entrepreneurs to increase to 4300 people,Accounted for 3% of the total graduates,Higher than the national average.July,The 2012 college students left campus,As of August 31,,The number of business graduates reached 3900,At the end of the year is expected to more than 4500 people.Reporters from the chongqing university school of technical secondary school graduate employment guidance service center to know,Now college students' choice of venture project mainly industrial manufacturing/Creative culture and comprehensive service three categories.

　　社会科学文献出版社出版的《2012年中国大学生就业报告》显示，2011届大学毕业生中，有1.6%的人选择自主创业。

Social science literature publishing house[In 2012, the Chinese university students' employment report]display,The 2011 college graduates,1.6% of people choose to start their own businesses.

探因 Agent for

就业陷结构性困局 Employment in structural predicament

择业观慢慢变了 Corrected slowly changed

　　为何这么多大学生选择低就业？

Why do so many students' choice of low employment?

　　李轶坦言：“找工作本科生毕业只是基本门槛，何来竞争优势。”

LiYi said:"Looking for a job undergraduate graduation only basic threshold,No competitive advantage."

　　“理想很‘丰满’，现实却往往很‘骨感’。”联英解放碑人才市场总监吴靖宇也表示，现在大学生就业较以往相比更理性一些，一些大学毕业生在求职过程中发现，“尖子生”和“好员工”的标准大相径庭。重庆师范大学教育科学学院党委副书记罗庆认为，求职时放低姿态是对就业的重新认识。

"Ideal is‘plump’,The reality was quite often‘bone’."United British the jiangbei talent market director WuJingYu also said,Now college students employment is more rational than ever some,Some university graduates in the job search process found,"Top student"and"Good employees"Standard vary widely.Chongqing normal university education science institute, vice secretary of party LuoQing think,The job is to put a low profile on employment again understanding.

　　联英人才有限公司市场总监刘强表示，在就业压力下，一些大学生放低姿态，才有了“退而求其次”的就业观念。现在很多毕业生是“错位选择”，他们从事的工作与自己所学专业毫不相关。比如叶飞雨学的是机电工程，刘夏则是新闻专业毕业……

United English talents co., LTD., marketing director daiju narita said,In the employment pressure,Some students put a low profile,Just had"Settle for second best"Employment concept.Now a lot of graduates is"Dislocation choice",They are engaged in work and their major not related.For example YeFeiYu learn is mechanical and electrical engineering,LiuXia is news specialized graduation...

　　同时，大学教育体系与劳动力市场之间存在严重脱节。高等教育专业趋同，课程内容和设置僵化，与市场多样化的需求相比，高等院校输送的毕业生同质性强，就业能力差。不同大学专业基本相同，毕业生都在争抢同样或同一就业岗位，而企业需求的经营管理、专业技术和技术工人奇缺。一些大学培养的学生成了有文化的无技能者，影响了求职成功的几率。

At the same time,University education system and labor market there exists a large gap between between.Higher education professional convergence,Course content and set rigid,Compared with the market the demand of diversification,Institutions of higher learning delivery graduates homogeneity is strong,Employment ability is poor.Different university major basic same,Graduates in the scramble for the same or the same jobs,And the demand of the enterprises management/Professional and technical workers famine.Some university students became a culture of have no JiNengZhe,Affect the job chances of success.

建议 Suggestions

转变观念学有所用 Changing ideas make your knowledge court

低起点也能突破 Low starting point also can break through

　　低就业和创业，对更多的毕业生而言有哪些东西值得借鉴？

Low employment and business,For more graduates what thing to be worth for reference?

　　重庆师范大学教育科学学院党委副书记罗庆认为，大学生就业多少会存在“眼高手低”的情况，技能不行，还要收入高、福利待遇好的情况依然存在。这需要大学生主动转变观念，找到与自己知识水平、知识储备相适应的工作。需要在工作中学习，积累经验，低起点就业，也可以自我突破。联英人才有限公司市场总监刘强认为，大学毕业生最重要的还是要找准自己的就业优势。同时，高校教育也应与市场紧密结合，比如专业设置要适应市场的多样化需求。

Chongqing normal university education science institute, vice secretary of party LuoQing think,How many college students employment will exist"above"situation,Skills not,And high income/Welfare treatment good situation still exists.This requires college students' active changing ideas,Found their knowledge level/Knowledge reserve phase adapted to the work of.Need to work in learning,Accumulate experience,Low starting point employment,Can also self breakthrough.United English talents co., LTD., marketing director daiju narita think,University graduates the most important still is to find their own jobs advantage.At the same time,College education should also be closely integrated with the market,Such as professional Settings in order to adapt to the diversification of market demand.

　　当然，大学生创业也是一个不错的选择。近年来，我市出台了一系列政策鼓励大学生自主创业。市教委还将联合工商部门，在近40所高校成立微型企业创业指导站，并给创业者提供场地及经费补贴。不过，创业失败的陈思说，要创业除了经验外，还必须具备相应的知识储备，并做好各种准备。(重庆商报)

Of course,The students in business is also a good choice.In recent years,Our city has issued a series of policies to encourage the graduates to set their own business.Municipal education commission of the ministry of commerce will also be combined,In the nearly 40 universities established miniature enterprise business ZhiDaoZhan,And to provide entrepreneurs site and funds allowance.but,Venture failed Chen said,In addition to venture outside experience,Also must have the corresponding knowledge reserve,And make all kinds of preparation.(Chongqing commercial daily)