从上世纪80年代争相报名投考的热火，到如今高招时往往成为末选的冷门专业，大学中文系切身体验了“盛世不再”的苍凉。这其中固然有时代变迁的无情、社会选择的冷酷，却也有中文教育自身的迷失。浮躁的求学风气、现实的功利主义、过度“论文化”的考评机制，都在隐隐腐蚀着中文教育的根基，让充满灵性与驰骋空间的文学教育被现实的无奈钉在了刻板的机械流程中。

From the 1980 s to pursue advanced studies in a registration of the Miami heat,By now master stroke often become the chosen major of an unexpected winner,The department of Chinese literature, the university of personal experience"Time no longer"desolate.This which is the transformation of times ruthless/Social choice of cold,But also have Chinese education own lost.Impetuous study atmosphere/Realistic utilitarianism/excessive"Theory culture"Evaluation mechanism,In the Chinese education faint corrosion of the foundation,Let is full of spiritual and gallop space literature education is real but the nail in the stereotype of mechanical process.

中文教育，何去何从？ Chinese education,What course to follow?

　　编者

editor

　　莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖，刺激了不少国人的神经，更引起了大学对中文教育的深思。在16日举行的北京师范大学文学院座谈会上，大学需要什么样的中文教育、中文教育遭遇了怎样的难题，成为讨论中的焦点。

Mo yan won the Nobel Prize for literature,A lot of people's nerve stimulation,More caused university of Chinese education of thought.In the 16 Beijing normal university college of liberal arts forum,What kind of Chinese universities need education/Chinese education encountered the problem of how,Become the focus in the discussion.

　　冷落

Left out in the cold

　　专业冷门成考生兜底选择，优秀学生借考研“大逃亡”

Professional winner out into the examinee choice,Outstanding student borrow one's deceased father grind"Escape from"

　　“如果说中文系是‘王小二过年，一年不如一年’也许有些言之过甚，但与上世纪80年代相比，在青年中受宠的程度确实大不如前了。”原清华大学中文系教授徐葆耕感慨。

"If is Chinese‘Wang2 xiao3 er4 Chinese New Year,A year as a year’Some may say nothing,But compared with the 1980 s,Among the youth white-headed degree does not do it at all."The original tsinghua university Chinese department professor XuBaoGeng regrets.

　　原因，就在于大学专业之间的竞争，以及当代社会价值倾向的趋同。徐葆耕曾撰文道，“近些年，在考文科的学生中，多数的选择是：一经管、二法律、三新闻。中文系在考生的志愿选择中屈居于这三者之后，盖有年矣。考研则是中文系优秀学生的一次‘大逃亡’，有机会进前三个专业读研的学生，大多会脱离中文系，改换门庭。北大中文系的日子好过一点，跟那三个专业或有一拼，但对照20年前‘文科状元’的荣誉地位也已‘盛世不再’。”

reason,Is the competition between university major,And the contemporary social value tendency of convergence.XuBaoGeng had word articles,"In recent years,In the examination of the students in arts,Most of the choice is:A charge/The second law/Three news.The department of Chinese literature, in the examinee's voluntary choice in these three behind after,In bore is.One's deceased father grind is one of the Chinese outstanding student‘Escape from’,Have a chance in the top three professional graduate students,Most Chinese from,Turin switch.Peking University day better,With the three major or a spell,But controlled 20 years ago.‘Arts champions’Honor status has also‘Time no longer’."

　　中文系不仅被冷落，更加被“拒绝”。青年作家蒋方舟“想做文学”却选择了新闻与传播学院，青年作家韩寒更是回绝了复旦大学中文系的破格录取。“韩寒放弃了大学，他没有把自己放到监狱里面去。”韩寒的选择得到了画家陈丹青的认同，在陈丹青眼里，中文系“会害了”那些对文字有兴趣的年轻人。

The department of Chinese literature, not only to be left out in the cold,Are more"Refused to".Young writer JiangFang boat"Want to do literature"But the choice of journalism and communication,Young writer han han is rejected fudan university with the department of Chinese language &literature abnormality admits."Han han give up the university,He didn't put himself in prison inside."Han han choice get the painter Chen Dan's green identity,In ChenDanQing eyes,Chinese"Will kill"Those who are interested in writing of the young man.

　　或许，陈丹青的言辞有一些偏激，但是中文系确不如从前那般宁静、文气。网友Rebecca倒了一滩的苦水：“身在中文系，很多人不热爱自己的专业，大家的眼睛都望着外面的世界。象牙塔太苦，尤其是在学到一个不能立刻经世致用的专业之后，更觉得苦。别的人都发财了我还在研究所谓的文学，进行所谓的文学创作，有什么意思？”

perhaps,Chen Dan's green words have some extreme,The department of Chinese literature, but it as before to be quiet/Style of writing.Net friend Rebecca poured a beach waters in abundance:"Body in Chinese,Many people do not love their own professional,People's eyes are looking at the world outside.Ivory tower is too bitter,Especially in learn a can't immediately after the professional practical use,More bitter.Everyone else to make a fortune I was still in research of so-called literature,A literary creation,What is the meaning of?"

　　Rebecca的感触，北师大文学院教授赵勇深有体会：“如今来文学院读书的大学生，真心喜欢文学的并不是很多。现在许多人选择专业往往很实际，他们关心的是，此专业将来是否好找工作，彼专业将来能否挣大钱。”他曾经在研究生的课上询问谁读过莫言的作品，结果，应者寥寥。

The touch of the Rebecca,Beijing normal university professor of literature ZhaoYongShen have experience:"Now to college of liberal arts reading of college students,Really like literature and not many.Now many people choose professional often very practical,They care about,The professional future is good looking for a job,He can make a lot of money in the future professional."He has been in the graduate student's class to ask who read the works of mo yan,The results,A response.

　　在赵勇看来，现在选择文学院的学生往往是冲着录取门槛低来的，“对文学无所谓喜欢或不喜欢却选择了文学专业，他们当然不会对文学生出太多痴情。”

In: it seems,Now select the college of liberal arts students are often at admission to the threshold low,"For literature no like or don't like but choose the professional literature,They of course will not produce too much passion of literature."

窘境 dilemma

长篇文学作品不如SCI论文有价值，文学被中文教学边缘化 Long literary works as SCI papers have value,Literature is Chinese teaching marginalization

　　中文系遭遇的尴尬，在北师大文学院副教授梁振华看来有一个重要的原因：现今的学术评价体系和教学评价体系中，作为文学最核心的创作已经被迫完全脱离。

The department of Chinese literature, the embarrassment of encounter,In the Beijing normal university college of arts, an associate professor at LiangZhenHua seem to have an important reason:Today's academic evaluation system and teaching evaluation system,As the core of literature creation has been forced to completely from.

　　梁振华举例说道：“以我个人为例，教师创作的文学作品无法计入对教师的考评体系当中。在考评体系中，老师们哪怕是花几年的时间完成的一篇长篇文学作品也不如一篇SCI的文章更‘有价值’。长此以往，在高校中文系内，从事文学创作的老师就越来越少了。”

For example LiangZhenHua said:"Based on my own personal as an example,Teachers' creation of literature cannot be included in the evaluation system for teachers of.In the appraisal system,Teachers even spend a few years time to complete a long literary work as a SCI articles are more‘valuable’.In the long run,In colleges and universities in Chinese,Engaged in literary creation teacher is less and less."

　　对老师如此，对学生更是如此。如今许多高校文学院、中文系提倡学生从事文化研究、理论研究，在这一方向的引领下，文学院渐渐失去了原来浓郁的文学氛围。

The teacher so,Especially for the students.Many of today's university college of liberal arts/The department of Chinese literature, advocate students engaged in cultural studies/Theory research,In this direction under the lead,College of liberal arts gradually lose the original rich literary atmosphere.

　　美国学者米勒曾说：“文学行将消亡的最显著的征兆之一，就是全世界的文学系的年轻教员，都在大批离开文学研究，转向理论、文化研究、后殖民研究等。他们写作、教学的方式常常接近于社会科学，而不是传统意义上的人文学科。他们在写作和教学中常常把文学边缘化或者忽视文学。”

American scholars miller said:"Literature is the death of one of the most significant signs,Are the world's department of literature of young teachers,In a large number of leave literature research,Steering theory/Culture research/Postcolonial research and so on.They writing/The teaching way often close to the social science,Instead of traditional humanities.They are writing and teaching often put the marginalized literature or ignore literature."

　　“我在每个学期的期中作业可以给学生布置创作方面的作业，但是在期末考试就必须遵照要求，设置论述题、问答题等内容了。在学生的创作作业中，更多的是看到学生们还停留在小学阶段的‘总—分—总’、‘形散神不散’的创作思维，这不能不说是个悲哀。”梁振华说道。

"I am in each semester of school work can give students arrangement creation in homework,But in the final exam will have to follow the requirements,Discussed problem set/The essay question, etc.In the student's creative assignments,More is to see the students still stays in the primary stage‘Total - points - total’/‘Form loose god does not spread’Of the creative thinking,This chapter is a sorrow."LiangZhenHua said.

　　系统的正规教育，在一些专家看来更是扼杀创造力的“凶手”。21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇就撰文指出：“要通过莫言获得文学奖，来证明中国教育的成功，是证明不了的。莫言的教育经历更说明，作家获得诺奖，与其接受的正规学校教育，关系并不大……莫言支离破碎的基础教育，却让其走上创作之路，反过来倒值得对当前的教育深思：按照我国当前的教育方式，一名学生完整地接受了小学、初中、高中教育后，他们还有多大的创造力、想象力呢？”

System of formal education,In some experts seem more stifle creativity"murderer".The 21st century education institute, vice President of the articles XiongBingJi is pointed out:"Through mo yan won prize for literature,To prove the success of Chinese education,That is not.Mo yan's education experience more instructions,Writer won the Nobel,And accept the regular school education,Their relationship is great...Mo yan the fragmentation of the basic education,But let the creation on the road,In turn is well worth to the current education thought:According to the present situation of our country's education mode,A student fully accept the primary school/Junior high school/After high school education,They have much creativity/Imagination??"

尝试 Try to

邀请驻校作家提升校园文气，让文学创作在教育中更“主流” Invite school stationed writer ascension campus style of writing,Let the literary creation in education more"mainstream"

　　有关中文系是不是培养作家的地方，似乎多年前北京大学中文系就给出了答案：“中文系不是培养作家的地方。”但这句话并不是意图阐述中文系放弃创作人才的培养功能，而是强调作家的生成过程是“自然”的，而非刻意“培养”。

Relevant Chinese writer is training place,Many years ago seems to Peking University give the answer:"Chinese writers not training place."But this sentence is not intention of giving up on the cultivation of creative talents function,But emphasize writers generation process is"natural"of,Not deliberately"training".

　　为了矫正中文系学生不读著作、不读经典、远离纯文学、文学创作素养有待加强的现状，国内很多著名高校都做出了探索和努力。北师大就提出了“回归原典”的教学思路，通过将经典编写进教材的方式引导学生学习经典的名篇、原著。

To rectify Chinese students don't read books/Don't read classic/Away from belles-lettres/Literary creation to strengthen the accomplishment of the present situation,Many domestic famous universities have made the exploration and efforts.Beijing normal university is put forward"Regression of original texts"Teaching ideas,The classical writing into the teaching methods of guiding students to learn the classic masterpiece/original.

　　北京大学中文系的一些老师要求学生每人负责一本文学期刊，每次上课时从当期的期刊中选取一篇自己认为最有价值的作品，深入探讨，与其他同学分享。

Some of the Peking University teacher asked his students to each responsible for a literary journal,Every class in the current issue of the journal selection a thinks he is the most valuable work,Further discussed,Share with other students.

　　经典阅读的缺失在中国社会科学院文学研究所副研究员陈福民看来，并不只是中国独有的现象，“美国上世纪70年代至90年代教科书中经典作品便‘下架’了。社会在变化、转型，经典文学作品所反映出的时代价值尺度与标准也在变化。这就要求文学教育对这些变化进行有针对性的接受性研究，以使受教育者更好地接受经典的熏陶。”

The lack of the classic reading in the Chinese academy of social sciences institute of Chinese literature associate researcher ChenFuMin looks,Not only China's unique phenomenon,"The United States in the 1970 s to 90 s in the textbook and classics‘Next frame’the.Social changes/transformation,Classic literary works reflect The Times value of scale and standard is changing.This requires the literature education for these changes in targeted accept sexual research,In order to make educated better accept classical edification."

　　这样的探索是否有益？我们不得而知，但是蒋方舟的一段话与此有关并耐人寻味，她说：“清华大学的求学阶段让我印象最为深刻的一个画面是：一天，天气很差，风雨如晦。古代文学的课堂，老师带着同学们一遍一遍地阅读《春江花月夜》，没有理论、没有评论，只是一遍一遍地读。”

Such a discovery is beneficial?We don't know,But JiangFang boat of a word and the relevant and interesting,She said:"Tsinghua university study stage let me the most profound impression is a picture:One day,The bad weather,FengYuRuHui.Ancient literature class,The teacher took the students read over and over again[Blossoming flowers moonlit night],No theory/No comment,Just read over and over again."

　　探索不止于此，北京大学、中国人民大学、中国海洋大学、首都师范大学等多所高校都开展了驻校作家、驻校诗人的探索。包括王蒙、余光中、迟子建、毕淑敏、余华等人都曾经走进校园，高校借此提升校内的文学创作氛围。

To explore more than that,Beijing university/People's university of China/China ocean university/The capital normal university, many universities are carried out in the school writers/In the school the poet's exploration.Including wang/Yu guangzhong/Chi zijian/BiShuMin/Yu hua, had walked into the campus,College to improve campus literary creation atmosphere.

　　与此同时，一些高校的步伐迈得还更大一些，力求让文学创作变得更为“主流”，比如复旦大学就开设了“文学写作专业”硕士点，第一批学生由作家王安忆担任导师。上海大学也于不久前启动了首届文学与创意写作硕士研究生的招生，并在本科生中开设《创意写作课》，力图通过创意写作工坊的模式，培养创意写作人才。

meanwhile,The pace of some colleges and universities have exceed more,Strive to let the literary creation become more"mainstream",Such as fudan university is opened"Literature writing professional"master,The first batch of students by the writer wang anyi served as mentor.Shanghai university in recently launched the first literature and creative writing master graduate student enrollment,And in the undergraduate open[Creative writing class],Tries to through the creative writing mate model,Culture creative writing talents.

　　尽管这样的探索被指称“培养出来的写手只不过是文化工人，容易成为跟着市场走的赚钱机器”，但是对写作的重视、提供创作氛围的努力，还是让中文教育更显“文气”。

Although such a discovery has been accused of"Cultivate out "is just a cultural workers,Easy to be follow the market go money machine",But for the attention of the writing/Efforts to provide creative atmosphere,Let Chinese education more show"Style of writing".