微调查：编辑在读者群内对“硕士回乡种地是否有关读书无用”的话题进行了投票调查，结果显示，12票支持“知识难改变命运”，36票支持“知识就是力量”。

Micro investigation:The editor of the readership in"Master home return sow the land if the reading useless"The topic of the polls,Results show that,12 ticket support"Difficult knowledge change destiny",36 votes to support"Knowledge is power".

徐秉国（华中师范大学政法学院教授）：“种地并非没有出路，关键是想不想种、能不能种好。” XuBingGuo(Central China normal university professor of institute of politics and law):"Sow the land is not no way out,The key is want to kind of/Can kind of good." 　　程方平（中国人民大学教育学院教授）：“将数据化的就业比例、收入现状作为评价高校质量和投入回报的唯一标准，使人们逐渐清晰的理智重新被搅乱。” ChengFangPing(Chinese people's university education college professor):"Will digital employment proportion/Income situation as evaluation the quality and investment returns only standard,Make people gradually clear reason to be shuffle."

　　河北大学中国近现代史专业硕士研究生苗卫芳，毕业后一直没找到理想工作，于是他再次回到农村家里种地，其父为此试图服药自杀。一些村民以苗卫芳为“反面教材”教育孩子：“看他，这么多年学都白上了。”该新闻迅速引发热议。硕士回乡种地该怎么看？背后折射出怎样的社会心态和教育体制？在就业难的现实下，读书真的无用吗？本期，我们特约两位观察员共同探讨。

Hebei university modern history of China professional master graduate student MiaoWeiFang,After the graduation haven't found my ideal job,So he once again return to the rural home sow the land,His father tried to commit suicide for medicine.Some villagers to MiaoWeiFang for"Negative materials"Education child:"Look at his,So many years to learn all the white."The news quickly trigger hot debate.Master home return sow the land how to see?Behind reflects what kind of social mentality and education system?Difficult employment in the reality,Reading really useless?this,We appointed two observers discuss.

　　

高学历人才“低就业”无关读书无用 Highly educated talents"Low employment"Independent reading useless

　　

徐秉国 XuBingGuo

　　多年拼搏、意在功成名就的硕士研究生苗卫芳，人生似乎原地踏步。公众对此也大叹读书无用、教育有病，这再一次引起人们对2009年自杀的研究生杨元元悲叹知识难改命运的“读书无用论”的思考。

Years of hard work/The master graduate student to successful MiaoWeiFang,Life seems to mark time.The public are big sigh reading useless/Education sick,This once again causing people to commit suicide in 2009 graduate students YangYuanYuan lamentation knowledge cannot alter destiny"Study useless"thinking.

　　读书自有其价值，显性者即是“为人”而读，以读书之名，谋名利之实。信奉书中自有“颜如玉，千盅粟”，志在成为“劳心者”而非“劳力者”，以为高学历代表着工作好、职位优、薪金高。如此知识崇拜，自古流传不断，迄今仍被苗卫芳及其父母们所认同和信奉。

Reading has its value,Dominant person is"is"And read,To study the name of,Seeks the reality of the fame and fortune.Believe in have oneself in the book"YanRuYu,Thousand cup millet",Aims to be"headworker"Rather than"Labor person",Thought highly educated represents the work well/Position optimal/High salary.So knowledge worship,Ancient myths constantly,So far is still being MiaoWeiFang and their parents had identity and believe in.

　　然而，教育总是在与社会的适应与超越中保持自己的本质。所以读书以求知，求知以求得命运的改变虽是正确，却非“绝对真理”。在现代社会，随着高等教育大众化的到来，学生就业制度开始市场化改革，基本上摧毁了“范进中举”式的成功土壤。苗卫芳们却罔顾自身条件的短板，忽视社会环境的变迁而盲目追求以金钱多、权力大、地位高为核心的所谓理想命运的改变，失败是在所难免的，家长及乡邻便也觉得“读书不值亦无用”了。

however,Education is always in and social adaptation and the transcendence to keep their essence.So by reading knowledge,Knowledge in order to achieve the change of destiny though is correct,But not"Absolute truth".In the modern society,Along with the higher education popularity arrival,Students employment system began to market reform,Basically destroyed"Fan4 jin4 ZhongJu"The success of the type of soil.The MiaoWeiFang but ignoring their own conditions of short plate,Ignore the change of social environment and blind pursuit to more than money/The power/Position high as the core of so-called ideal change destiny,Failure is inevitable,Parents and his neighbour will also feel"Reading is not worth also useless"the.

　　读书的真正价值是“为己”。按照林语堂先生的说法就是“读书的主旨在于排脱俗气”，即是读书一向是雅事，于人可以开茅塞、除鄙见、得新知、增学问、广见识、养性灵，以求得“腹有诗书气自华”。即使要讲功利，以读书来改变命运，也一定是学有所用，学能所用，学有所长，以在适应社会的过程中求得命运的真正改变。

The true value of reading is"For himself".According to Mr. Lin yutang saying that"The study is intended to exhaust gas and free from vulgarity",Is reading has always been activity,In one can open MaoSai/In addition to my humble opinion/Have new knowledge/Increase knowledge/Wide knowledge/Keep spirit,To ensure"Abdominal have gentleman gas from China".Even if to tell the utility,To study to change fate,Also must be make your knowledge court,Can learn the,Learn with director,In order to adapt to the society in the process of the fate of the obtained really change.

　　其实，现代社会的高学历人才“低就业”，却取得成功的例子已不鲜见。北大才子陆步轩以屠夫为业，开设肉店，出版《屠夫看世界》书籍并开办“屠夫学校”教人杀猪；四川农大研究生黄昌学放弃近万元的月薪，回到家乡发展猕猴桃和林下种植食用菌产业，年净赚30万元，不仅把事业发展得红红火火，还带领着村民们一起发家致富，被乡亲们推选为村长。这些高学历者在传统眼光中的低端就业领域取得成功，对现代社会的苗卫芳们来说无疑是本极好的教材。他们不是抱怨社会的不公与机遇的缺乏，而是正视自身的优缺点，努力在既有的社会环境面前，寻找机会，放下身段，运用知识，发挥才能。反之，像苗卫芳们那样坚守着不与时俱进而抱残守缺的知识价值观和就业观，非公务员不成，非事业单位不进，即使皓首穷经，面壁苦读多年，到最终亦可能是求职无果，事业无成。

In fact,Modern society's highly educated talents"Low employment",But success example has not rare.Peking University to the butcher who LiuBuXuan for an inheritance,Open butcher's,publishing[The butcher to see the world]Books and open"The butcher school"Teach kill pig;Sichuan nongda graduate student HuangChangXue give up nearly ten thousand yuan monthly salary,Back to hometown development kiwi fruit and forest planting in the edible fungus industry,Year 300000 yuan net,Not only the prosperous career development,Also led the villagers get rich together,Was elected villagers for the village head.These high educational level in the traditional from the perspective of low employment successes,In modern society, the MiaoWeiFang is undoubtedly the very good teaching material.They are not complain that the social injustice and lack of opportunity,But up to their advantages and disadvantages,Efforts in the existing before the social environment,Look for opportunities,Down figure,Using the knowledge,Develop ability.and,Like the MiaoWeiFang that stick to not keep pace with The Times and fogey knowledge values and is concerned,Civil servants no,The institution not to advance,Even if the poor through,Side wall swot years,To end it is also possible that job fruit,Cause nothing.

　　由此看来，种地并非没有出路，关键是想不想种、能不能种好。知识能不能改变命运也无须责问，问题是用何种知识价值观来指导，用何种知识与能力来改变而已。

So it,Sow the land is not no way out,The key is want to kind of/Can kind of good.Knowledge can change your fate also does not need to call to account,The problem is with what kind of knowledge values to guide,With what kind of knowledge and ability to change it.

　　

对高校改革和人才期待勿操之过急 To the university reform and talent are looking forward to do not have too many irons in the fire

　　

程方平 ChengFangPing

　　在中国古代教育经典《论语》中，第一章叫“学而”，说的是通过学习，可能“优则仕”、“优则农”，也可能“优则商”等等。在当今学习型社会的建设中，大学、研究生或博士生教育，都只能为年轻人日后的成功打下基础，而不可能使之即刻达到成功或理想的境地。

In ancient China education classic[Analects of Confucius]in,The first chapter is"Learn and",Said is through the study,may"Is an optimal"/"Optimal is agriculture",May also"Optimal is business", etc.In today's a learning society in the construction of the,university/Graduate students or doctoral education,Only future success for young people to lay the foundation,And may not make immediate to succeed or ideal situation.

　　大约从20年前开始，中国人就已了解到，在一些发达国家，获得博士学位也可能失业，而类似比尔·盖茨、乔布斯那样的顶级创新大家、首富，对是否能获得大学文凭并不在意。很快，与学术性学位教育相匹配的职业技术证书教育也受到了关注，中国教育和人力资源市场，似乎已进入到理智发展的新时代。一些用人单位更加务实，可用中专生的地方绝不会聘任大学生。中国的青年一代也将自己成功的希望更多地从依托外在环境转向依靠自己。甚至有更多名牌高校的大学生、研究生，选择了养猪、种菜、卖油饼、收废品、做物流、加入志愿者行列……并已经开始品尝到成功的喜悦，这是非常可喜的进步。

From about 20 years ago,The Chinese have come to understand that,In some developed countries,He received a doctor's degree may also be unemployed,A similar Bill Gates/Jobs that top innovation everybody/'s richest man,To whether can obtain a college diploma does not care about.soon,And the academic degree education matching vocational certificate education was also attention,China's education and human resources market,Seems to have access to rational development of the new era.Some unit of choose and employ persons more pragmatic,Available secondary specialized school students' place will never appointment college students.China's youth generation will also their hope of success more from relying on external environment to depend on ourselves.There is even more famous universities of college students/Graduate student,Choose the pigs/vegetables/Sell cake/Collect scrap/Do logistics/Volunteers to join the ranks……And has started to taste the joy of success,This is a very good progress.

　　但值得关注的是，在当今浮躁的环境中，仍有急功近利的学习者及其父母、忙着争“一流”名头的高校、满足于泡沫“政绩”的用人单位等，都将数据化的就业比例、收入现状作为评价高校质量和投入回报的唯一标准，不仅使人们逐渐清晰的理智重新被搅乱、打散，也使着眼深远的教育改革和个体发展难有必要的支持与适宜的空间。

But there is concern,In today's fickleness environment,There are still get rich quick learners and their parents/Busy for"first-class"Attitude of university/Satisfied with foam"achievements"Unit of choose and employ persons, etc,Will be digital employment proportion/Income situation as evaluation the quality and investment returns only standard,Not only make people gradually clear reason to be shuffle/scattered,Also look forward to the profound education reform and individual development to have the necessary support and appropriate space.

　　对于高校的人才培养，最值得反思的不外乎以下三点：一是应加强人才自主学习、积极探索能力的培养，而不是只注重学科知识的考验；二是应注重培养学生务实的能力、坚持的精神和远大的志向，而不轻易地随波逐流；三是应努力树立学生对待家庭、社会和人类的责任感及使命感，而不是仅仅满足于一时虚名浮利的获得。从欧美、日本等地人才培养和诺奖获得的经验来看，最重要的不是仅提供必要的经费和条件，而是为探索提供宽松的平台与空间。

For university personnel training,The most worthy of reflection nothing more than three:One is to should strengthen personnel autonomous learning/Actively explore the cultivation of ability,Not only pay attention to discipline knowledge test;2 it is should pay attention to training students' practical ability/Adhere to the spirit and great ambition,And not easily drift with the current;The third is to set up students should try to deal with family/Social and human sense of responsibility and the sense of mission,Not satisfied with just a FuLi undeserved reputation gain.From Europe and the United States/Japan, personnel training and the Nobel acquired experience,The most important is not only provide the necessary funds and conditions,But for exploration provide comfortable platform and space.

　　作为家庭和社会，对于高校改革和人才期待都不能操之过急，而应给予其更多的理解、支持，为其经验积累、才智运用、改革尝试和理想实现提供起码的支持和必要的空间。中外历史都早已证明，人类教育和人才发展的任何进步都离不开家庭和社会的宽容与理解，教育能否改革成功、人才能否不断成长，很大程度上都是在考量家庭与社会的能力，也在考量我们的现行制度、舆论引导和社会良知等能否体现出本应具有的优越性。

As a family, and society,For the reform and talent to can't have too many irons in the fire,And should give the more understanding/support,For the accumulation of experience/Intelligence using/Reform attempt and ideal realization of provide at least support and the necessary space.Chinese and foreign history is already proved,Human education and talent development of any progress is inseparable from the family and social tolerance and understanding,Education can reform success/Talent can grow,To a large extent are under consideration, family, and social ability,In consideration of our current system/Public opinion guides and social conscience, etc can reflect this should have the advantage.

　　

【众评众议】 [The evaluation of the discussion]

　　把学历看成敲门砖，这注定了苗卫芳获取的知识是肤浅的，自然也就无法形成一个强大的生存能力体系。

The record of formal schooling as sky,This is doomed to the MiaoWeiFang obtain knowledge is shallow,Nature also can't form a strong survival ability system.

　　

广东汤宪友 Guangdong ShangXianYou

　　有知识就能有作为，有道是行行出状元。种地也需要科学，种地也要有人做，如果读书所得与种地有机结合，未必不是一件好事

Have knowledge will be as,The tao is have a master.Sow the land also need to science,Sow the land will someone do,If reading income and sow the land organic combination,Not necessarily a good thing

　　

。山东吴其林 .Shandong WuJiLin

　　就算种田，硕士的种田水平一定高于一般农民，眼界也高于一般农民，如果发展成专业种植或者搞成特色农业照样发家致富。

Even if farming,Master farming level must be higher than the general farmers,Horizon also higher than the general farmers,If developed into a professional planting or make into characteristic agriculture so get rich.

　　

甘肃杨宏杰 Gansu YangHongJie

　　苗卫芳竟然成了村子里的反面教材，这是最为可怕的，“读书无用论”的观点一旦蔓延，不仅会影响到一些孩子的求知欲，还会影响到社会的进步。

MiaoWeiFang unexpectedly become the reverse side of the teaching materials in the village,This is the most terrible,"Study useless"Point of view once spread,Will not only influence the some of the children's thirst for knowledge,Also will affect the progress of the society.

　　(来源:中国教育报)

(Source: China education report)