异地高考压力不一，如何“啃”下硬骨头？ Different the university entrance exam pressure differ,How to"chew"Down hard bone?

　　继黑龙江、安徽等地打破户籍限制开放异地高考后，北京、广东最新出台的政策则显示，外地户籍考生暂不能在当地报名参加高考。

The heilongjiang/Anhui, etc. Household limit break open different after the college entrance examination,Beijing/Guangdong newest policy is display,Nonlocal census register examinee temporary not in local register to attend the university entrance exam.

　　备受关注的异地高考，该如何寻找教育公平的平衡点？各地情况不一，如何因地制宜、循序渐进地推进，成为考验改革政策制定者的一道艰难考题。

Much attention has been paid to the university entrance exam ",How to search for education fair balance?Different situation all over,How to adjust measures to local conditions/Advance step by step,Become test reform policy makers of a difficult examination questions.

　　

“试水”：京粤外地户籍考生暂不就地报名 "Test the waters":JingYue nonlocal census register examinee temporary not on-site registration

　　和众多家长期待的政策不同，北京教育考试院21日出台的政策规定，明年高考报名须具有本市正式户口。虽然异地高考方案并未出台，但这已表明，外来务工人员子女中的非京籍考生暂不能参加北京高考。

And many parents expect different policy,Beijing education examination yuan 21, Taiwan policy,The next year the university entrance exam in this municipality shall have officially registered permanent residence.Although different college entrance examination plan did not come,But it has showed,Migrant workers in Beijing children not an examinee temporary cannot attend the university entrance exam in Beijing.

　　按照国家关于异地高考政策出台的时间表，31个省区市年底前要因地制宜出台异地高考政策，解决符合条件的随迁子女在流入地高考的问题。

According to the national college entrance examination about foreign policy on the introduction of the schedule,31 before the end of the year to adjust measures to local conditions on these different college entrance examination policy,Solve meet the conditions of the SuiQian children in defined the college entrance examination question.

　　年底期限渐近，北京市教委目前仍表示方案“正在研究中，现在不便透露”。一些进城务工人员在失望的同时仍未放弃期待，不过眼下“孩子究竟该在哪报考”，成为他们的最大困惑。

The end of the year period asymptotic,The Beijing municipal education commission is still said scheme"Under study in,Now the inconvenience revealed".Some migrant workers in disappointment at the same time still did not give up looking forward to,But for now"What the child is to enter oneself for an examination",They become the biggest confusion.

　　来京工作已11年的非京户籍考生家长张先生说，孩子在通州一所示范性高中就读，北京暂时不允许孩子报名，而老家的高考报名又已结束，这该怎么办？

Those work is 11 years of non Beijing household register examinee parents said Mr Zhang,Children in tongzhou a demonstrative high schools,Beijing temporarily don't allow kids to sign up,And the home of the university entrance exam and is over,This should do?

　　11月22日，广东公布的政策同样规定，非本省户籍考生高考报名仍未放开。就在同一天，上海公布，有合法稳定职业和住所，参加该市社保等，但积分指标体系并未公布。

On November 22,Guangdong published policy the same provisions,The province census register examinee college entrance examination registration is still not let go.On the same day,Shanghai announced,Have a legal stable occupation and shelter,To participate in the city's social security, etc,But integral index system has not released.

　　此前，黑龙江、安徽两地的政策都打破了户籍限制，设置了异地高考的基本门槛。如黑龙江规定“有合法职业和稳定住所(含租赁)”，随迁子女“连续就读3年”，而安徽则只要求随迁子女在该省有完整3年学籍。这让人们对异地高考的改革寄予了更高期望。

after,heilongjiang/Anhui two policy is to break the limit of census register,Set up different college entrance examination's basic threshold.Such as heilongjiang provisions"Have a legal professional and stable residence(Including lease)",SuiQian children"Continuous studying three years",And anhui is only request SuiQian children in the province have complete student three years.It makes people to the different college entrance examination reform had higher expectations.

　　但是，作为外来人口较多的京、沪、粤等地，推进异地高考的政策则显得较为谨慎，这表明教育改革的复杂性和艰巨性超乎想象。

but,As a foreign population more Beijing/Shanghai/Guangdong, etc,Promote the policy of different college entrance examination will be more cautious,This suggests that education reform and difficulty of the complexity of the beyond imagination.

　　

难题：现实与期待缘何存落差？ problem:Reality and look forward to what save head?

　　有关人士最新表示，异地高考的问题和主要矛盾集中在北京、上海和广东。

Officials said the latest,Different college entrance examination questions and principal contradiction concentrated in Beijing/Shanghai and guangdong.

　　由于外来人口众多，一旦全面“开闸”异地高考，将会对当地的教育资源等系列问题形成巨大冲击。因此，教育改革既要考虑改革力度，又要考虑群众的可接受度，循序渐进，不停顿、不折腾、不倒退，避免大的波折。

Due to the foreign population,Once the overall"breaking"Different college entrance examination,Will be in the local education resources, etc. Series of problems form huge impact.therefore,Education reform should not only consider reform,And to consider mass acceptable degree,Step by step,Don't stop/Don't toss about/Don't back,Avoid big twists and turns.

　　南京师范大学教科院副教授殷飞认为，从教育公平角度而言，考生不论户籍在哪，都有在学习地参加高考和录取的权利。但一旦打破户籍限制，又将带来“高考移民”等新的不公。加之涉及部分城市和地区的户籍优惠，改革阻力可见一斑。

Nanjing normal university to teach science college associate professor YanFei think,From the education fair perspective,The examinee regardless of census register,All have in learning to participate in college entrance examination and admission rights.But once broken, census register restrictions,And will bring"College entrance examination immigrant"Injustice and so on the new.And in parts of the city and region preferential census register,Reform resistance is obvious.

　　对于京、沪、粤等压力大的地区而言，当前最现实的难题是，在教育资源“一池水”总量不变的前提下，如何科学有序打通闸门，既减少不均衡的落差，又不引起无谓的波澜。

For the/Shanghai/Yue pressure big regional level,Currently, the most realistic problem is,In the education resources"A pool"Under the condition of equal amount,How to scientific and orderly through gate,Can not only reduce uneven head,And don't cause unnecessary waves.

　　改革的口子要开多大？数据显示，截至目前，北京外来人口在基础教育阶段存量约47万，广东省则是339万，口子开多大，接受数百、数千还是上万名新考生，牵扯多方神经。

Reform cut to open much?Data display,So far,Beijing floating population in the basic education stage stock of about 470000,Guangdong province is 3.39 million,Cut open much,Accept hundreds of/Thousands or tens of thousands of new candidates,Involve many neural.

　　黑龙江省招考办副主任车行全说，开放异地高考后，黑龙江仅仅迎来189名符合条件的考生报名，人数没有想象的多，影响在可控范围内。

Gives public notice of heilongjiang province, deputy director of the whole group said,Open different after the college entrance examination,Heilongjiang only have 189 meet the conditions of the examinee registration,No more than the number of imagination,Influence in the controllable range.

　　一位东部某省教育厅责任人说，像北上广外来人口多、高校资源富集，压力最大；对浙江、江苏等东部地区而言，外来人口和压力次之；像黑龙江、安徽等地属于人口输出省份，压力最小，改革推进的力度也会快些，正因为各地情况千差万别，才导致目前改革推进力度不一。

An eastern province education department responsible persons said,Like north wide foreign large population/The rich resources,Pressure maximum;In zhejiang province/Jiangsu, in the eastern region,Foreign population and pressure take second place;Like heilongjiang/Anhui, belongs to the population output provinces,Pressure minimum,Reform efforts will also faster,Because circumstances vary around,Just caused the current reform efforts differ.

　　教育资源的承载力有多强？北京市城区教委一位负责人对记者说，北京城区教育承载力已经接近饱和，以往投入按照户籍学生配置，而非按照激增的外来人口需求。“如把握不好尺度，幼儿园严重不足、小学入学高峰等问题难免加重，初高中阶段连带效应也将出现。”

The bearing capacity of the education resources how strong?Beijing city education commission a person in charge told reporters,The Beijing city education bearing capacity is close to saturation,According to census register before into students' configuration,Not according to the floating population surge in demand."Such as to grasp the bad scale,A serious shortage of kindergarten/Elementary school entrance problems such as peak is aggravated,Junior stage joint effect also will appear."

　　改革推进的时间表如何确定？此前，江苏、安徽等省份明确异地高考在2013年执行，山东、江西表示异地高考方案2014年实施，这表明，异地高考的时间表不统一，“你改他不改，你早改我晚改”，影响改革的公平性和总体效果。

How to determine the reform schedule?after,jiangsu/Anhui province college entrance examination in 2013 clearly different execution,shandong/Jiangxi college entrance examination in 2014 different said scheme implementation,This suggests that,Different college entrance examination's timetable is not unified,"You change he doesn't change,You had to change my late",Affects the reform of fairness and overall effect.

　　

攻坚：教改就要“啃”硬骨头 crucial:Educational reform will"chew"Hard bone

　　党的十八大报告提出，努力办好人民满意的教育，大力促进教育公平，合理配置教育资源，积极推动农民工子女平等接受教育。专家认为，推进异地高考是迈向教育公平的大势所趋，必须迎难而上。

The party's eighteen big report,We should make the people's satisfactory education,Vigorously promote education equity,Rational allocation of education resources,Actively promote the children of peasant workers equal accept education.Experts say,Promote the university entrance exam is different to education fair the trend of The Times,Must grasp the nettle.

　　“改革遇到困难很正常，不能因此就退缩、拖延，而应该积极应对，找准各方利益的平衡点。”中国教育科学研究院研究员储朝晖说，学籍认定最长不应多于6年，要让真正随父母务工上学的考生得到资格认定，把利用金钱、权利能够随时拿到学籍人排除。同时鉴于今明两年的特殊性，可考虑采取部分临时措施，允许补报消除公众顾虑。

"Reform difficulty is very normal,You can't just back/delay,But should actively respond to,Find the balance interests of all parties."China's education scientific research institute researcher store from zhaohui said,As the longest student should not be more than 6 years,To make the real work to go to school with the parents of the examinee get qualification,The use of money/Rights can get out student people.At the same time, in view of the particularity of in the next two years,Can consider to take part of the interim measures,Allow owed to eliminate the public concerns.

　　针对异地高考可能引发新一轮高考移民的担忧，首都基础教育发展研究院常务副院长张景斌表示，要从根本上认识高考移民和随迁子女的本质区别，前者为参加高考而移民，后者的认定前提是随迁，要求在当地高考。

According to the different college entrance examination could trigger a new round of the college entrance examination immigration concerns,The capital foundation education development research institute standing vice President ZhangJingBin said,To get to the root of the college entrance examination immigration and SuiQian children know the essential difference,The former to attend the university entrance exam and immigration,The latter's premise is that SuiQian,Requirements in local college entrance examination.

　　南京师范大学教科院副教授殷飞认为，为了防止为子女空挂学籍、伪造虚假工作证明等问题，应推行电子学籍，进行联网核查、信息公开，并对各地招生计划指标进行动态调整。

Nanjing normal university to teach science college associate professor YanFei think,In order to prevent children hang empty for student status/A false proof work problems,Should carry out electronic student status,For online check/Information openness,And the enrollment plan all index dynamic adjustment.

　　加大教育投入是实现升学机会均等的重要保障。东北师范大学教育科学学院李晓明教授认为，可考虑在大城市首先开放高职教育，逐步降低由职业教育向高等教育过渡的门槛，使更多“农民工二代”获得在城市发展的一技之长。

Increase the education investment is to realize the important guarantee entrance equal opportunity.The northeast normal university education sciences professor LiXiaoMing think,Can consider to higher vocational education in the big city first open,Gradually reduce the vocational education of higher education to the threshold of the transition,Make more"Second generation peasant workers"Get in the urban development skill.

　　储朝晖等专家还表示，高考改革的一个重要目的是促进各地考生升学机会的平等。在目前全国平均录取率超过70%的情况下，稳步推进异地高考，更广泛地推进自主招生，建立公开、透明、专业的招生体系，有利于实现更大范围的教育公平。(记者刘景洋、丁静、凌军辉)

Store from zhaohui, experts said,The reform of the college entrance examination is an important purpose is to promote the equality of opportunity all examinee studies.Acceptance rates at the top colleges were in the current national average of more than 70% of cases,Steadily different college entrance examination,More widely promote autonomous enrollment,Establishing an open/transparent/Professional recruitment system,To achieve a greater range of education fairness.(Reporter LiuJingYang/DingJing/LingJunHui)