图为青岛超银学校农场里养殖的鸡群 The graph is Qingdao super silver school farm farmed chickens

　　原标题：学校种地，无奈却不必

Original title:The school fields,Helpless but don't have to

　　学校种地，这样的举动多少有些“无奈”。近年来，媒体屡屡爆出的食品安全问题，让不少学校如剑在悬提供师生餐饮，如何避免“口腹之祸”？压力之下，学校只得自谋出路，自给自足以求安心。学校“兼职”能根治食品隐患吗？自耕其田的生产流程，会否引发新的监管盲区？保障食品安全之责究竟该由谁担负？

The school fields,This move somewhat"but".In recent years,Media repeatedly explode of food safety problems,Let many schools such as sword in suspension to provide teachers and students catering,How to avoid"Food to the"?Under pressure,The school had to seek a way out,Self-sufficiency in order to ease.The school"part-time"Can effect a radical cure food hidden trouble?Since the plow the field production process,Will not trigger new regulatory blind area?Guarantee food safety responsibility by who should take?

　　编者

editor

　　日前，青岛超银学校为让学生吃上放心菜，承租了300亩土地30年自办农场，成为全市首家承包土地生产绿色蔬菜、肉类禽蛋的学校。校长张旗称，自己是“让各类食品安全事件给‘逼’的”。

a,Qingdao super silver school for students eat FangXinCai,The 300 mu of land 30 years self farm,Be the first to contract land production green vegetables/Meat and poultry, egg and school.The headmaster ZhangQi says,Oneself is"Let all kinds of food safety events give‘force’of".

现实·无奈 Reality · but

采购蔬菜唯恐农药超标 Purchasing vegetables for fear of pesticide overweight

学校种地引入家长监督 School sow the land into parents supervision

　　农场占地300亩，位于远离污染、生态环保的胶州市小寨村。超银学校聘请了专家担任场长和技术总监，雇佣当地村民进行生产，看上去有模有样。

The farm covers an area of 300 mu,Located far from pollution/Ecological environmental protection of the small village village producing soft container bags.for.Super silver school hired experts as manager and technical director,Hire local villagers for the production,Look YouMoYouYang.

　　据悉，此前青岛超银学校都是统一在蔬菜批发市场采购，那里的成品蔬菜干净、整齐，且采购单证齐全，但由于媒体报道过农药超标问题，学校对批发市场的菜仍心存疑虑。

It is reported,After Qingdao super silver schools are unified in the vegetable wholesale market purchase,Where the finished product vegetables clean/tidy,And purchasing document is complete,But as a result of media reported pesticide overweight problems,The school to the wholesale market of vegetables still doubt.

　　“学校无法判断蔬菜是否有残留农药，生产流程是否绿色健康，索性自己种地。”张旗解释，“我们联系过一些其他的学校，想一起来运作农场项目。但大家都以‘赔钱的买卖不能做’为由表示不感兴趣，不过我还是想试一试。宁可赔钱，也要让师生吃上放心菜！”

"The school cannot judge whether vegetables have residual pesticide,The production process is healthy,Simply farm the land themselves."ZhangQi explain,"We contacted some other schools,Want to come operation farm project.But everyone to‘Out of pocket business can not do’Not interested by said,But I still want to try.Would rather lose money,Also want to let the teachers and students have FangXinCai!"

　　为此，校方投入了很高的成本。农场前期的硬件建设达到将近90万元，目前每个月的人工费用也得接近5万元。这些成本全部由学校承担。

therefore,The school into a high cost.The farm the hardware construction of the reach nearly 900000 yuan,Currently the weight of each month of artificial cost also get close to 50000 yuan.All these costs by the school bear.

　　“事实证明，农场的确能解决全校师生的饮食安全问题。我们还会经常发放蔬菜、玉米面等绿色食品给教职员工，大家都很高兴。”张旗说。

"Facts have proved,The farm can really solve the entire school teachers and students diet safety problems.We will often issue vegetables/Corn flour and green food to the staff,We are very happy."ZhangQi said.

　　如今，农场出品的放心菜已得到越来越多的社会认可。据悉，不少学生家长开始认领自己的菜地，让家里也吃上绿色食品，青岛市最大的放心快餐供应商也准备将农场作为定点采购基地。

now,The farm product FangXinCai has received more and more social acceptance.It is reported,Quite a few students parents began to claim their own vegetable field,Let the home to also eat green food,Qingdao's largest trust fast food suppliers also ready to the farm as a fixed point procurement base.

　　不过，自办农场的学校毕竟属于极少数。另一些学校也采取了其他的方式来保障食品安全。在济南市的一些学校，一个名为“家长委员会”的组织正在逐渐介入学校的食品安全监管。2011年6月，全寄宿制的济南一中邀请教师、学生与家长代表参与食堂招标会考核供餐企业出现问题时的应对之道，共同选出大家都满意的食堂经营者。

but,Self farm school after all belong to a few.Some other schools also adopt other ways to guarantee food safety.Some of the school in jinan,A group called"Parents committee"Organization is gradually involved in school of food safety supervision.In June 2011,All the jinan boarding a invite teachers/Students and parents to participate in bidding meeting on behalf of the dining hall meal assessment for enterprise problems coping way,Elected everyone satisfied of the dining room operators.

　　“现在食堂菜品的价格、饭菜质量等等，都有家委会的监督，相当于也为学校的食品安全增加了一道‘安全阀’。”济南一中副校长赵娟表示，就目前的运营情况来看，这一举措取得了不错的效果。

"Now the price of food dining room/Food quality and so on,There are GuWeiHui supervision,For the school is equivalent to the food safety increase a‘Relief valve’."Jinan one vice President ZhaoJuan said,As the current operation situation,The move has made the good effect.

未来·艰难 The future · difficult

加工环节存在更多隐患 The processing link exists more hidden trouble

多头管理削弱监管效果 The multiple management weaken the regulation effect

　　苏丹红蛋、三聚氰胺奶、毒大米、瘦肉精火腿肠、染色馒头……近年来，食品安全问题的频发让人们谈“食”色变。在这种社会环境下，学校自办农场似乎可以理解。

Sudan of eggs/Melamine milk/Poison rice/Ractopamine ham and egg/Dyeing steamed bread...In recent years,Food safety problems and frequent let people talk"food"Colour change.In this kind of social environment,School self farm seems to understand.

　　不过，济南大学食品科学与营养系主任张炳文认为，食品安全问题的症结，不在于杜绝农药、化肥、食品添加剂等化学品的使用。“不用农药，虽然少量的虫害可以人工捉虫，但植物本身的病害无法防治，反而危害人体健康。”如他所言，规范使用农药、化肥是不会对食物的安全性构成威胁的。

but,Jinan university in food science and nutrition ZhangBingWen think the dean,Food safety the crux of the problem,Is not put an end to pesticide/fertilizer/Food additives, such as the use of chemicals."Don't pesticide,Although a small amount of insect pest can artificial insect,But the disease of plant itself can't control,But endanger human body health."As he said,The standard is used pesticide/Chemical fertilizer is not a threat to the safety of the food.

　　中国农业大学食品学院营养与食品安全系主任何计国认为，“更多食品安全的漏洞其实存在于加工环节上。比如不卫生的刀具、案板等可能造成微生物的污染，有些食物加热不彻底会造成中毒，而有些油炸食品过度热加工也会产生有害物质。”

China agricultural university institute of food nutrition and food safety department head any meter countries think,"More food security vulnerabilities in fact exists in processing links.Such as unhygienic tool/Chopping board, etc may cause microbial pollution,Some food heating not thoroughly can cause poisoning,And some Fried foods excessive hot work also can produce harmful substances."

　　况且，学校的食品安全有着自己的特性。“比如学生盛放食品的容器卫生、校外摊点、无证经营的小零食等问题。”张炳文说，尤其许多学生认为学校饭菜不合口味，不如在校外吃得自在。“这些给学校食品安全带来的风险更大。”

besides,The school of food safety has its own characteristics."Such as student cheng fang food container health/Roadway outside/Unlicensed operation problems such as small snacks."ZhangBing said,Especially many students think the school food isn't taste,As in the external eat at home."These give the school food safety brought a greater risk of."

　　山东省委讲师团讲师亓胜林认为，学校自办农场和一度流行的“居民自建都市菜园”一样，颇有“荒了自己的地，种了别人的田”的意思。“农业种植、畜牧养殖不是谁都可以做得好的，毕竟社会不可能退回到自给自足的状态。”

Shandong provincial party committee JiangShiTuan lecturer Qi - Lin think,School self farms and once a popular"Urban residents have garden"as,Quite have the"The waste their land,Kind of others' field"mean."Agricultural planting/Animal husbandry and aquaculture is not anyone can do it well,After all social not likely to return to the state of self-sufficiency."

　　在张炳文看来，分散的种植、养殖模式是我国食品安全特别是食品原料源头管理最大的难点之一。就目前而言，卫生部、农业部、国家质检总局、国家食品药品监督管理局、国家工商行政管理总局等部门“分头管理，多头执法”，互相之间又缺乏协调，使监管效果大打折扣。

In ZhangBingWen seems,Scattered planting/Cultivation mode is our country food security especially food raw material source management one of the most difficult point.As for the present,The ministry of health/The ministry of agriculture/aqsiq/State food and drug administration/The state administration for industry and commerce and other departments"Separate management,Multiple law enforcement",And the lack of coordination between each other,Make regulatory effect to sell at a discount greatly.

　　有专家建议，通过规模化种植养殖、建立可追溯的生产监管机制等手段，对于遏制食品安全问题有一定的效果。“更重要的是，要提高全社会的食品安全意识，在法制的环境下，把消费者的认知、生产者对质量的控制、媒体的舆论监督和政府部门的有效管理有机结合，一个都不能少，一个都不能弱。”亓胜林说。

Some experts suggest,Through the scale planting and breeding/Establish the traceability production supervision mechanism, and other means,To contain food safety problems have certain effect."More important is,To improve food safety consciousness of the whole society,In the legal system environment,Take consumers' cognitive/Producers to quality control/The media supervision of public opinion and the government departments of the organic combination of effective management,1 can't be little,One can't weak."Qi - Lin said.