实际上，营养午餐计划的落实，难处在哪里？又该如何改善？中国青年报记者专访当地干部、民间公益人，透析其中的利益损耗链。 谁让营养午餐如此寒酸

In fact,Nutritional lunch to the implementation of the plan,Difficulty where?And how to improve?The China youth daily reporter interviews with local cadres/Folk public people,Dialysis the interest loss chain. Who let nutritional lunch so poor? ?? ?[相关]巴掌大面包成学生营养午.. |  谁“吃”了孩子的营养午..

[related] life bread into students' nutrition noon.. |  who"eat"The child's nutrition noon..

3元营养餐，为何变成一小片面包？ 3 yuan nutrient food,Why become a small piece of bread?

　　目前我国有国家实施的“营养午餐”计划、民间公益组织的“免费午餐”计划。可供采用的配送方式主要有三种：学校食堂供餐、企业供餐、家庭托餐。暴露问题的凤凰县，采用的是企业供餐的模式。

At present our country national implementation"Nutritional lunch"plan/Folk public welfare organization"Free lunch"plan.For the distribution ways mainly have three:The school canteen meals/Enterprise for meal/Family holder meal.Exposure of fenghuang county,Use is enterprise for meal pattern.

　　湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州教育局干部刘希（化名）向中国青年报记者介绍，根据凤凰县教育局的汇报，凤凰县在选用这种模式时，询问过各个小学的意见，“大家都认为这种模式方便”。

Xiangxi tujia and miao autonomous prefecture of hunan province bureau of LiuXi cadres(alias)China youth daily reporter to introduce,According to fenghuang county education bureau report,Fenghuang county in selecting the mode,Asked for each primary school opinion,"Everybody believes that this mode is convenient".

　　营养午餐分量不足，引发了网民对供餐企业招标的质疑。刘希介绍，招标工作是由县政府出面进行的，教育部门并不经手招标和“营养午餐”经费。记者在网上找到了《凤凰县农村义务教育学生营养餐项目采购招标公告》。其中规定：“以学生饮用奶为主食、以真空包装熟食鸡蛋（或火腿肠类产品或面包或糕点等）为辅食实行捆绑招标，每生每天每套配餐等值于3元。”

Nutritional lunch short weight,The cause of Internet users for meal enterprise tender questioned.LiuXi introduced,The bidding work by the county government is the front,Education department does not handle the tender and"Nutritional lunch"funds.Reporters found on the Internet[Fenghuang county rural compulsory education students nutrient food procurement bidding announcement].The provision:"Take the student drinking milk as staple food/With vacuum packaging cooked eggs(Or ham and egg products or bread or cake, etc)Cooking for a bound bidding,Every day every born each catering equivalent to 3 yuan."

　　今年5月4日，凤凰县政府公布了三家中标企业，分别是：凤凰县光明商行、湘西自治州鸿翔商贸有限公司、凤凰县中新亚华乳业经营部。第三家企业的法定代表人是朱发明，所负责的是所德小学所在的标段。

On May 4, this year,Fenghuang county government announced the three of the bid-winning enterprises,Respectively is:Fenghuang county bright firm/Xiangxi autonomous prefecture hong xiang trading co., LTD/In fenghuang county new Asia China dairy business department.A third the legal representative of the enterprise is zhu invention,Are responsible for the elementary school that DE in the section.

　　但朱发明接受采访时也喊冤。“社会上很多人以为我们这些供应商赚了大钱，实际上利润十分有限。”据他披露的账本，每餐成本就占了2.79元。

But zhu invented an interview HanYuan also."In the society, many people thought we these suppliers earned a lot of money,In fact profit is very limited."According to his disclosure ledger,The cost of each meal accounted for 2.79 yuan.

　　刘希指出，“每个学生每天3元，200天600元”午餐费用的损耗，主要是运输、储藏。“要进货，要来凤凰找仓库，验收、保管、清理，运到各个中心小学，再到村小、片小、延伸点去，所有的一切费用都是由供应商来承担。”

LiuXi pointed out that,"Each of the students three yuan every day,200 days is 600 yuan"Lunch cost loss,Mainly is the transport/storage."To purchase,To phoenix for warehouse,acceptance/custody/cleaning,To each center primary school,To school/Piece of small/Extension point to,All of the all the costs are made by the supplier to take."

　　在中心小学建食品仓库、购买冰箱、保温柜、防火器、储货架、电饭煲等问题上，各校做法不一。“有的学校自己掏钱，有的靠县教育局掏钱，有的靠当地政府，有的就靠配餐公司从每人3块钱中支出。”

In the center primary school built food warehouse/Buy refrigerators/Insulation ark/Flame damper/Store shelves/Rice cooker and so on,The schools are practice."Some schools out of their own pockets,Some rely on the county bureau of pay,Some by the local government,Some rely on catering companies from each three dollars in spending."

　　于是，各地财政倾斜的厚薄，就导致了“营养午餐”的多寡。

so,The thickness of all financial tilt,In the"Nutritional lunch"The amount of.

　　“有些县明确负责仓储等杂项的费用，那么，企业供应食品的分量就要多一点。如果县里面经费困难，财政拿不出钱，那么，在招标的时候，这部分钱就要被转嫁给公司。”

"Some county clear responsible for storage and the cost of miscellaneous,so,Enterprise supply of food component will be a bit more.If county inside funding difficulties,Financial take no money,so,When in the tender,The money will be transferred to the company."

过期午餐拷问“牛奶面包”运输链 Overdue lunch torture"Milk and bread"Transportation chain

　　凤凰县的招标公告中要求，“按照《供应学校和人数一览表》，定期配送到各个学校（含村小）。”

The tender announcements in fenghuang county requirements,"According to the[Supply school and number list],Regular distribution to all schools(Including school)."

　　但是中国青年报记者了解到，供应商只是负责将食物配送到各个乡镇的中心小学，而向下级的村小、片小、延伸点配送营养餐的工作，是由中心小学主管后勤的老师来负责的。“但他们只是兼管，时常会出现纰漏。”刘希举例，“村小学老师来领货，如果主管的副校长有事，可能叫总务主任、报账员来经办。”

But China youth daily the reporter understands,The supplier is responsible for the food distribution to all villages and towns of central primary school,And to the junior school/Piece of small/Extension point distribution of its work,Is the center primary school competent logistics teacher to responsible."But they just approval,Often leaks."LiuXi example,"Village primary school teacher to bring cargo,If the competent's vice principal occupy,May be called chief of general affairs/Submit an expense account member to handling."

　　此次所德小学接受的“黄金吐司”原为赠品。但由于与“主品”包装相似，而腊尔山小学经办老师又临时变动，导致了腊尔山小学在10月30日误将“赠品”当作“主品”发给了村小。

This elementary school's accepted"Gold toast"Had gift.But with"The main product"Packaging similar,And LaErShan orgnaization of primary school teacher and temporary change,Led to the LaErShan elementary school in October 30, error will be"gift"as"The main product"Sent to the school.

　　同时，在凤凰县，并非全都是送餐车直接送下去，有时靠村小的老师自己来乡镇取食品。“对于偏远山区的村小，路途不便，没有公路就需要背、挑，容易延误时间，造成食品过期。甚至有的村小只有几个学生、一个老师，老师同时要上课、保管、分发午餐。工作量一大，就很难保证不出问题。”

At the same time,In fenghuang county,Not all is send diners direct sent down,Sometimes by school teacher to villages and towns take food."For the remote mountain school,Journey inconvenience,No road will need to back/pick,Easy to delay time,Cause food expired.Even some school only a few students/A teacher,The teacher at the same time to have a class/custody/Distribute lunch.Workload a large,It is difficult to ensure that not a problem."

　　当地的所德小学校长及副校长、县教育局勤管站站长及副站长已被免职。“免费午餐”发起人邓飞表示质疑：“凤凰县教育局给孩子发牛奶面包，关学校什么事情呢？为什么要撤三名校长的职？”中国青年报记者就上述问题采访湖南省教育厅营养办和凤凰县教育局，均被拒绝。

Local have DE primary school principals and vice President/County bureau of frequently tube station webmaster and assistant station master has been removed."Free lunch"The question DengFei said:"Fenghuang county education bureau to children hair milk and bread,Close school what things?Why do you want to withdraw three school long job?"The China youth daily reporter the interview hunan provincial nutrition do and fenghuang county education bureau,Were refused to.

“每天每人多加一元钱”，让孩子“吃上热饭” "Add one yuan per day",Let the child"Eat hot meals"

　　邓飞呼吁，“营养午餐”应该改“牛奶面包”为“热饭菜”。刘希却认为不可能，因为村小、延伸点没有食堂，中心小学的食堂面积也严重不足，“有的学校近千学生，用餐的地方也只有400多平方米。”

DengFei called for,"Nutritional lunch"Should change"Milk and bread"for"Hot food".LiuXi but think that is not likely,Because school/Extension points not dining room,Center primary school canteen area also seriously insufficient,"Some schools nearly students,Dining place also only more than 400 square meters."

　　而在村小兴建食堂同样也存在困难。“学校人少、交通条件差，采购物资很不方便。很多村小、中心小学没有干净用水，要按照规定做到清洗、浸泡、消毒，十分困难。”

While in school building dining room there are also difficult."School people less/Poor traffic conditions,Procurement is not convenient.A lot of school/Center primary school no clean water,In accordance with the relevant provisions to do cleaning/soak/disinfection,Very difficult."

　　邓飞则不认为必须建食堂，因为学生可以坐在教室里吃饭。“只需要建一个厨房，保证安全做饭。根据学校大小，因地制宜，还可使用重复利用的板材，避免浪费。”

DengFei is don't think must be built dining room,Because students may sit to eat in the classroom."Only need to build a kitchen,Ensure safety cooking.According to the school size,Adjust measures to local conditions,Still can use repeated use of plate,Avoid waste."

　　中国发展研究基金会秘书长卢迈认为，学校能否建食堂，要靠政府财政的支持，否则只能选择“牛奶+X”。目前，宁夏基本实现了食堂供餐，就靠“县政府给每个学生多加一块钱”。“100个学生的学校，请一个厨师，每天工资50元，剩下的50元来维持水电、煤气等费用，完全够用。”

The China development research foundation secretary general LuMai think,The school can be built dining room,Want to rely on government financial support,Otherwise, can only choose"Milk + X".At present,Ningxia basically achieved canteen meals,on"The county government to give each student a dollar more"."100 students of the school,Please a cook,Every pay 50 yuan,The rest of the 50 yuan to maintain water and electricity/Gas and other fees,Fully covered."

　　在湖南新晃县、湖北鹤峰县，民间的“免费午餐基金”和政府实现了合作。县政府出1元和厨房建设，公益基金出两元和厨师工资，合力形成对学校的立体监督，开创了政府和民间公益组织的“合作午餐”格局。

In hunan new sway county/Hubei HeFengXian,folk"Free lunch fund"And the government realize the cooperation.The county government out of $1 and $kitchen construction,Public welfare fund out two dollars and cook wage,Force the formation of school three-dimensional supervision,Create the government and civil public welfare organization"Cooperation lunch"pattern.

　　对于15人以下的小学，卢迈建议用家庭或个人托餐的方式，由学校附近家庭或个人来承担学生伙食加工服务，这样就能让小学生就近吃上热饭菜。

For 15 people the following primary school,LuMai suggest using a family or personal Joe meal way,Near by the school family or individual students to take food processing services,This would allow students came near to eat hot food.

　　卢迈曾将宁夏和湘西的小学提供的午餐送到疾控中心检查，结果表明，宁夏的午餐热量达到了800卡路里，而湘西的午餐只有200卡路里左右。“按照国家规定，每个学生每天要摄取的热量应该是2000卡路里，宁夏的午餐满足学生每天摄取热量的40%，这是符合国家标准的。而200大卡的热量只有学生每天应摄取热量的10%，中小学生在吃不饱的情况下学习，很不利于他们身体和心理的健康发育。”

LuMaiCeng will ningxia and xiangxi primary school provide lunch to CDC inspection,The results show that,Ningxia lunch heat up to 800 calories,And xiangxi lunch only about 200 calories."According to the provisions of the state,Each student daily calorie intake should be 2000 calories,Ningxia lunch every day to meet 40% of students' intake of calories,This is accord with national standard.And the quantity of heat of 200 kilocalorie only students shall be 10% of the intake of calories every day,Primary and middle school students do not have enough to eat in the case study,Very against their body and mental health development."

　　“国家营养改善计划最终还是要走向食堂供餐，‘牛奶+X’的课间加餐模式只能是一种过渡方式。”卢迈说。

"National nutrition improvement plan eventually would go canteen meals,‘Milk + X’The break of tome mode is only a transitional way."LuMai said.