李秀中

LiXiuZhong

　　西南财经大学中国家庭金融调查与研究中心日前发布，2010年中国家庭收入的基尼系数为0.61，相比2000年官方公布的数据提高了近0.2个百分点。该调查报告还称，“基尼系数高并非垄断行业导致。”

Southwest university of finance and economics Chinese family financial investigation and research center released,In 2010, the Chinese family income gini coefficient is 0.61,Compared with 2000 official data has increased nearly 0.2%.The report also says,"Gini coefficient is not high to monopoly industries."

　　不过，国家统计局在《中国全面建设小康社会进程统计监测报告(2011)》曾提及基尼系数，称2010年基尼系数略高于2000年的0.412。

but,The national bureau of statistics in[China the comprehensive construction well-off society process statistical monitoring report(2011)]Mentioned gini coefficient,Called the 2010 gini coefficient is slightly higher than 0.412 in 2000.

0.4并非警戒线 0.4 not line

　　基尼系数是反映居民收入分配差异程度的一项重要指标。其经济含义是：在全部居民收入中，用于进行不平均分配的那部分收入占总收入的比重，因此其最大为“1”，最小等于“0”。联合国有关组织规定：若低于0.2表示收入绝对平均；0.2~0.3表示比较平均；0.3~0.4表示相对合理；0.4~0.5表示收入差距较大；0.6以上表示收入差距悬殊。

Gini coefficient is reflected residents income distribution difference degree of an important indicator.Its economic meaning is:In all of the income,For does not mean that part of the distribution of income of the proportion of total revenue,So the most greatly"1",Is equal to the minimum"0".The United Nations organizations concerned regulation:If less than 0.2 said income absolute average;0.2 ~ 0.3 said is average;0.3 ~ 0.4 said relatively reasonable;0.4 ~ 0.5 shows that large income gap;More than 0.6 said income gap.

　　国家统计局的资料显示，目前，我国城镇和农村基尼系数可分别通过城乡居民住户收支调查的原始资料计算得出，但由于我国城乡居民的住户调查尚未一体化，所以，还不能直接通过住户调查资料计算全国的基尼系数，只能根据城乡居民住户调查收支分组资料估算得出。

The national bureau of statistics data shows,At present,Our country urban and rural gini coefficient respectively through the urban and rural residents household income and expenditure survey of the original material is calculated,But because China's urban and rural residents of the household survey has not integration,so,Also cannot directly through the household survey data calculation of the gini coefficient,Only according to the balance of urban and rural residents household survey data packet that estimate.

　　西南财经大学的上述调查则是基于全国320个社区和村庄，对8438户家庭进行的入户调查，调查内容包括住房资产、金融财富、收入消费等方面。

Southwest university of finance and economics, the survey is based on the national 320 communities and villages,To 8438 families of household survey,Research content including housing assets/Financial wealth/Income consumption, etc.

　　根据中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)的数据，2010年中国家庭收入的基尼系数为0.61，城镇家庭内部的基尼系数为0.56，农村家庭内部的基尼系数为0.60。东部地区基尼系数为0.59，中部地区的基尼系数为0.57，而西部地区的基尼系数为0.55。

According to the Chinese family financial investigation(CHFS)data,In 2010, the Chinese family income gini coefficient is 0.61,Urban domestic gini coefficient is 0.56,Rural domestic gini coefficient is 0.60.The eastern region gini coefficient is 0.59,In the middle of the gini coefficient is 0.57,And in the western area of the gini coefficient is 0.55.

　　该调查发布的《中国家庭收入不平等报告》称，“中国家庭的基尼系数在全世界处于较高位置”。这些数据和观点印证了各界对中国收入差距的担忧，但报告也在颠覆人们的原有观念。

The survey released[Chinese family income inequality report]says,"China's gini coefficient of the family in the world in a higher position".These data and ideas proved from all walks of life to China's income gap concerns,But the report also upset people in the original idea.

　　西南财经大学中国家庭金融调查与研究中心主任甘犁接受《第一财经日报》采访时表示：“我们还发现一个现象，把垄断行业去掉，基尼系数没有变化，一样高。”

Southwest university of finance and economics Chinese family financial investigation and research center director GanLi accept[The first financial daily]Interviews that:"We also found a phenomenon,Remove the monopoly industries,Gini coefficient did not change,As high as."

　　根据 CHFS的数据，在不包括非市场竞争部门工作的家庭情况下，总体基尼系数为0.60，城镇和农村分别为0.57 和0.58。“这与全样本计算的基尼系数相差无几，说明非市场竞争部门的高收入并不是造成中国巨大差距的最主要原因。现阶段中国巨大的收入差距主要来源于市场竞争部门。”

According to the CHFS data,In not including non-market competition department family circumstances,Overall gini coefficient is 0.60,Urban and rural areas were 0.57 and 0.58."The whole sample and calculation of the gini coefficient little difference,Explain non-market competition authorities high income is not a huge gap in China is the main reason.At present, China huge income gap mainly comes from market competition authorities."

　　报告根据收入来源对基尼系数进行了分解，总的来看，我国居民收入差距主要源于工资性收入、工商业收入以及转移性收入，这三项对基尼系数的贡献率分别为 49.3%、17.4%和 23.3%。

Report according to the source of income for the gini coefficient decomposition,overall,Income gap of residents in our country mainly comes from salary income/Industry and commerce income and metastatic income,The three on the contribution of gini coefficient is 49.3%/17.4% and 23.3%.

　　不仅如此，报告还认为，从其他国家的历史经验、市场经济的特点以及市场经济发展的规律来看，再分配前的高基尼系数是经济快速发展过程中的常见现象，是市场有效配置资源的自然结果。

Not only that,The report also think,From the history of other countries experience/The characteristics of the market economy and the development of market economy rule to see,Before the redistribution of high gini coefficient is the rapid economic development in the process of the common phenomenon,The market is efficient allocation of resources of natural results.

　　此前一般认为，基尼系数0.4是警戒线，此次0.61的数字更引发担忧。甘犁表示：“我们找了很多所谓0.4是警戒线是基于什么研究结果，结果是完全没有，中国在误传，说法是有，但是没有研究背景，现在全世界平均基尼系数是0.44，说基尼系数0.4是警戒线是没有道理的。我反对这个说法。”

After general think,Gini coefficient is 0.4 line,The number of the 0.61 more cause worry.GanLi said:"We found a lot of so-called 0.4 is line is based on what the results,The result is no,China in the misrepresentation,Statement is a,But there is no research background,Now the world average gini coefficient is 0.44,Said gini coefficient is 0.4 line is not reasonable.I object to this statement."

短期在二次分配，长期在教育 Short term in the second distribution,In education for a long time

　　“我不主张对税收作多少改变，无论是加税还是减税，对收入调节作用不大。而且网络硬件也不完善，先把硬件做好再谈税收。”甘犁表示。

"I don't claim to the tax for change much,Whether tax increase or reduction,On the income adjustment effect is not big.And network hardware is not perfect,The first hardware do talk about tax."GanLi said.

　　根据CHFS数据计算，现行个人所得税政策对家庭收入差距调节作用并不明显。同时，对于高工资收入家庭，其相对税负已经够高。工资收入最高的20%劳动者的平均税负为8.9%，其纳税额占工资薪金所得税总额的86%。不仅如此，报告还认为，过度提高最低工资可能对低收入群体不利。

According to the CHFS data calculation,The current personal income tax policy on family income gap control effect is not obvious.At the same time,For high wage income family,The relative tax has high enough.Wage income of the top 20% of the employee's average tax is 8.9%,The amount of wages and salaries accounted for 86% of the total amount of income tax.Not only that,The report also think,Over a rise in the minimum wage for low-income groups may be harmful.

　　针对当前高基尼系数，报告建议，“就短期而言，在不增加税收的前提下，中国政府有足够财力通过实施转移支付政策来降低收入差距。在长期，我国政府可以通过加大教育投入，减少机会不均来降低收入差距。”

In view of the current high gini coefficient,The report recommends that the,"In the short term,On the premise of not increasing tax,The Chinese government has enough money through the implementation of transfer payment policy to reduce the income gap.In the long,Our government can through the increasing education investment,Reduce the chance that inequality to reduce the income gap."

　　甘犁认为，短期解决之道在于成倍加大二次分配。报告称，目前我国政府有足够财力实施再分配，2011年我国财政总收入超过10万亿。从2004到2011年，国家财政收以20%左右的平均速度增长。如果能将新增的财政收入用于转移支付，则每年大约可增加2万亿的资金用于收入再分配。

GanLi think,Short-term solution is to fold increase secondary distribution.The report says,At present our country the government has enough money implementation redistribution,In 2011, more than 10 trillion fiscal revenue.From 2004 to 2011,National fiscal revenue to 20% and the average speed of growth.If can be used for new financial income transfer payment,It can increase each year about 2 trillion money for income redistribution.

　　上述报告称，2010年国企实现利润1.98万亿，仅上缴2.2%。若将政府每年新增的财政收入与国企留存利润用于再分配，则政府每年可拿出大约3.8万亿元进行转移支付。

The report says,2010 state-owned enterprises to realize profit is 1.98 trillion,To only 2.2%.If the New Year financial income and the retained profits for redistribution,The government can take out each year about 3.8 trillion yuan to transfer payment.