并非仅仅面子问题 Is not only a matter of face

　　2012年11月4日下午，本刊记者在北京西城区一家饭店就餐时发现，不少客人走后，餐桌上还剩下许多没动过的鱼、肉和蔬菜等食物。

On November 4, 2012 in the afternoon,This reporter in Beijing xicheng district a restaurant meal found,Many guests left,The table is left many didn't touch the fish/Meat and vegetables and other food.

　　“公款请客浪费比较严重，有的为了场面，点了很多菜，一般能吃一半就不错了。”这家餐厅的一位服务员对本刊记者说，“多数客人碍于面子，也极少打包带走。这些饭菜只有倒掉，怪可惜的。”

"Public funds to treat waste is serious,Some scenes in order to,Order a lot of food,General can eat half is good."The restaurant's a waiter to this reporter said,"Most of the guests because of the face,Rarely pack away.These dishes out only,Strange but."

　　次日中午，本刊记者到北京大兴区一家餐馆就餐，尽管墙壁上“文明用餐，杜绝浪费”的提示牌赫然醒目，但整整一个午餐时段，将剩菜打包带走的人很少，不少菜整盘剩在桌上。

At noon the following day,This reporter to Beijing daxing restaurant,Although wall"Civilization have dinner,Put an end to waste"The DiShiPai impressively eye-catching,But a whole lunch time,Pack away the leftovers of people rarely,A lot of food with the tray on the table.

　　“我们这里就餐的客人，大约有三分之一会出现剩菜较多而又不愿打包的现象，特别是商务宴请或婚宴。如果安排好的一桌人有几人缺席，一桌菜就会剩下很多，只能倒掉。”这家餐厅的王经理对本刊记者说。

"Our dinner guests here,There are about three points in a more leftovers and don't want to pack phenomenon,Especially business banquets or wedding banquet.If arrange a table there are a few people are absent,The desks will rest a lot,Out only."The king of the restaurant manager in this newspaper reporters.

　　随后，王经理带本刊记者去了后厨，指着几个一米多高的泔水桶说：“每天的剩饭剩菜都可以装满两三桶。如果赶上婚宴时，这些桶就根本不够用。”

then,Manager wang take this reporter went to the kitchen,Pointing to a few more than one metre high GanShuiTong said:"The leftovers every day can be filled with two or three barrels.If catch up with the wedding banquet,The barrel is fundamental not enough use."

　　“浪费粮食和国人观念有关。”陈明生分析认为，在传统中，宁“剩”勿“缺”成了不少中国人请客吃饭时根深蒂固的观念，普遍认为一顿饭下来，只有桌上菜有剩余，才能显示出自己的大气和热情。

"Waste of food and Chinese ideas about."That ChenMingSheng analysis,In the traditional,better"left"Don't"Lack of"Many Chinese people treat a dinner deep-rooted idea,Is generally believed that a meal down,Only the dishes have the rest,To show their own atmosphere and enthusiasm.

　　“粮食浪费现象严重，除了观念和面子问题，还与用餐习惯有关。”北京一位长期在企业做接待工作的负责人举例说，“饭后也觉得剩菜丢了可惜，但因为不是分餐制，想打包又感觉不卫生，就打消打包念头。”

"Food waste is serious,In addition to ideas and face problems,Also with the dining habits."Beijing a long-term in the enterprise to the person in charge of the reception, for example,"After dinner also feel lost but leftovers,But because not eating,Want to pack and don't feel health,Will reassure packing idea."

　　2012年7月，本刊记者在甘肃省庆阳市就相关情况进行调研时，经常有应酬的市民朱先生坦承，“请客人吃饭时，总觉得少点菜会怠慢对方。有时尽管明知菜点够了，但还是放不下面子，只有硬着头皮多点。”

In July 2012,This reporter in qingyang city gansu province related research situation,Often have dinner party citizens admitted Mr. Zhu,"Treat people eat,Always feel less order will neglect the other party.Sometimes, despite knowing its enough,But I still can not let go face,Only crustily skin of head more."

　　“家庭里的粮食浪费，有不少是无意识造成的。”朱先生说，“比如大量购买食品放置在冰箱里。由于应酬多，很少在家吃饭，后来突然有一天，才发现冰箱里的东西已经过了保质期，只好丢掉。”

"The family food waste,There are many is caused by the unconscious."Mr Chu said,"Such as buying large quantities of food placed in the refrigerator.Because more than entertainment,Seldom eat at home,Then suddenly one day,Found that the refrigerator things has been shelf life,Had to throw away."

　　而从全产业链的角度来看，从生产到消费的各个环节，中国粮食还存在各种不同形式的“隐性浪费”。

And from the point of view of the whole industry chain,From production to consumption of each link,Chinese food there are various forms of"Recessive waste".

　　2012年7月3日，农业部农产品加工局局长张天佐接受新华社记者采访时说：“由于设施简陋、方法原始、工艺落后，我国农产品产后损失惊人，粮食损失率超过8%，蔬菜损失率则是超过20%，每年仅粮食损失量就高达500亿斤。”

On July 3, 2012,The ministry of agriculture secretary for agricultural products processing ZhangTianZuo accept xinhua news agency reporters:"Due to the simple facilities/Methods the original/Process behind,After our country agricultural product of a loss,Grain loss rate more than 8%,Vegetables loss rate is more than 20%,Every year, food loss is as high as 50 billion jins."

　　而根据农业部有关专家测算，我国粮食、马铃薯、水果、蔬菜的产后损失率，远高于发达国家平均损失率，折算经济损失达3000亿元以上，相当于1亿多亩耕地的投入和产出被浪费掉。

According to the ministry of agriculture experts estimates,China's grain/potato/fruit/Vegetable postpartum loss rate,Is much higher than the average loss rate in developed countries,Reduced economic loss of 300 billion yuan of above,Equivalent to more than 100 million hectares of arable land of input and output be wasted.

　　

还须堵住“隐性浪费” Must also blocked"Recessive waste"

　　多位受访专家认为，尽管目前我国的粮食安全有所保证，但长远来看仍面临着粮食生产资源不断减少、粮食供应存在结构性短缺、贫困人口数量仍然很大等严峻挑战。

Many experts think of,Although at present our country food security is assured,But in the long run is still faced with dwindling food production resources/Food supply shortage of structural existence/Poverty population is still large and severe challenges.

　　“不论从数量上还是从质量上，我国粮食都面临安全问题。尤其是数量上，随着人口不断增加，依然面临很大的压力。”袁德峰说。

"No matter from the quantity or the quality,China's grain face security problems.Especially the quantity,With the continuous growth of the population,Still face a lot of pressure."YuanDeFeng said.

　　“节约粮食应成为公共意识和国家战略。”袁德峰认为，“有关部门在禁止公款大吃大喝的同时，应增加每一个人对于粮食重要性的认知和体验，并对维系我们生命的粮食心存敬畏、对铺张浪费的行为鄙视唾弃。”

"Save food should be public consciousness and national strategy."YuanDeFeng think,"The relevant departments of a ban on public funds eating at the same time,Every one should be increased for the importance of food knowledge and experience,And to sustain our life food be fear/To the prodigal behavior disdain spit on."

　　“要树立节俭文明的就餐新风尚，树立‘够吃正好和营养均衡’的消费理念，克服好面子的陋习。”袁德峰说，“节约粮食应该从家庭做起、从单位做起、从一个社区和城市做起、从每个人做起。”

"To set up the economical civilization repast new fashion,Set up‘Just enough to eat and balanced’Consumption concept,To overcome the bad habits good face."YuanDeFeng said,"Save food should start from the family/Start from the unit/From a community and start city/Start from everyone."

　　“饭店经营者也应积极担负起监督与倡导的作用，服务员应建议客人合理消费，引导健康文明消费。”袁德峰说。

"Hotel operators should also actively take on the role of supervision and advocacy,The waiter should suggest the guest reasonable consumption,Guide the healthy and civilized consumption."YuanDeFeng said.

　　事实上，对于粮食浪费现象，不少国家采取了相应措施。比如，目前每位法国人平均每年所浪费的粮食在20千克至30千克之间。法国政府决定通过增加小包装销售，以及将未售出的食品赠送给各类救助组织等方式向这一现象开战，以期到2025年时能将粮食的人均浪费量减少一半。

In fact,For food waste phenomenon,Many countries take the corresponding measures.Such as,At present each French average annual had to waste food in twenty kg to 30 kg between.The French government decided to increase sales by small package,And the unsold food given to all kinds of rescue organization mode to the phenomenon of war,In order to the year 2025 will reduce the amount of food per capita waste half.

　　“杜绝餐桌浪费需要靠法律制度及早介入。”上海财经大学法治与发展研究中心主任麻国安教授接受本刊记者采访时认为，“节约粮食有赖于观念的转变，但也应充分运用法律手段制止奢侈、反对浪费、厉行节约。”

"Put an end to waste table to need to rely on the legal system of early intervention."Shanghai university of finance and economics law and development research center director professor MaGuoAn accept this newspaper reporter to interview think,"Save food depends on the change of ideas,But also should make full use of legal action to stop the luxury/Against waste/economize."

　　“鉴于目前粮食浪费严重的情况，急需制定《反浪费法》，制止和防范浪费行为，规定浪费粮食情节严重的构成犯罪，使浪费粮食的现象得以有效抑制。”麻国安说。

"In view of the current food waste serious condition,Need make[Against waste method],Stop and prevent waste behavior,Provisions waste food if the circumstances are serious constitute a crime,Make waste of food can effectively restrain."MaGuoAn said.

　　“对于公款大吃大喝形成的浪费，应从挥霍公款，或者职务侵占角度进行处理，或从贪污受贿角度依法进行调查。”麻国安说，“只有增加大吃大喝的风险，树立浪费粮食是犯罪的观念，公款消费行为才会变得规矩。”

"For the waste of public money stoke formation,Waste public money should be,Or job occupation Angle for processing,Or from the Angle of corruption in accordance with the investigation."MaGuoAn said,"Only increase the risk of feast,Set up the waste of food is the concept of crime,Official consumption behavior will become the rules."

　　多位受访专家认为，有关部门在提及浪费粮食的问题时，往往会更多地强调消费端，忽视解决粮食生产、储存、流通等环节的“隐性浪费”问题。

Many experts think of,The relevant departments in the mentioned waste food problem,Often more emphasis on consumption end,Ignore the problem of food production/storage/Circulation link"Recessive waste"problems.

　　“不能只强化消费者的道德责任，而弱化职能部门的管理责任。”陈明生说。

"Can not only strengthen the moral responsibility of the consumers,And weakening the functional management responsibility."ChenMingSheng said.

　　“针对造成生产、储存、流通、粮食转化等环节‘隐性浪费’的主要问题，应尽快推动改善储粮条件，研发适合农户储粮的技术，加速粮食流通体系建设，提升遗传育种及饲料管理等的技术水平，以减少储粮损失，降低运输损耗，提升饲料转化率。”陈明生说，减少粮食的“隐性浪费”，既是保障粮食安全的题中之义，也是政府职能的重要体现。(记者李松)

"According to the production caused by/storage/circulation/Conversion of crops and other links‘Recessive waste’Main problems,Should promote as soon as possible to improve storage conditions,Research and development for the farmer storage technology,Accelerating the construction of grain circulation system,Ascending genetic breeding and feed management technology level,In order to reduce loss of storage,Reduce transport loss,Improve the feed conversion."ChenMingSheng said,Reduce food"Recessive waste",Is to ensure food safety problem of the righteous,Is the important embodiment of the functions of the government.(Reporter LiSong)