朝廷不同于企业，企业怕员工跳槽，朝廷却不怕官吏辞职，毕竟饭碗不同，在朝廷上班，端的是铁饭碗，收入稳定，还有夜草可以偷吃，从古至今，挤破头往里进的人多，两袖清风拂袖而去炒领导鱿鱼的少。大概因为这个缘故，过去朝廷给官吏发年终奖，要比店铺给伙计发年终奖要及时，除非出现财政危机，否则不拖，也不压。

Court is different from the enterprise,Enterprise afraid of employee job hopping,Court officials not resign,After all, your job different,In the court to work,End is iron rice bowl,Stable income,And ye4’s grass isn can steal to eat,In all ages,Crowded broken head to the many,Remain uncorrupted go off in a huff Fried squid less leadership.Probably because of this reason,Government officials in the past to send award,Than the shop to man hair award in time,Unless a financial crisis,Otherwise don't drag,Don't pressure.

　　像东汉，一入腊月，皇帝就开始给文武百官发年终奖了，发多少，有定例：大将军、三公，每人发钱20万枚、牛肉200斤、大米200斛；九卿每人发钱10万枚；校尉每人发钱5万枚；尚书每人发钱3万枚；侍中每人发钱2万枚。

As the eastern han dynasty,In the year,The old emperor began to send the award,How much hair,A statute:napoleon/three,Each hair money 200000 pieces/Beef 200 jins/Rice 200 duhu;Dan 100000 pieces each hair money;To be a captain each hair money 50000 pieces;Each hair money holds more than 30000;The page each hair money 20000 pieces.

　　到了北宋，跟东汉刚好相反，文武百官的工资很高，年终奖却很少。每年冬至，皇帝给高级干部们发年终奖，宰相、枢密使以及曾经封王的大臣，每人只有5只羊、5石面、两石米、两坛子黄酒而已。宋朝一石是66公升，大概能装米50公斤，装面30公斤，两石米无非100公斤，5石面无非150公斤，再加上那5只羊，撑死了值几千块钱。而著名清官包拯“倒坐南衙开封府”时，有工资，有餐补，有饮料补贴，有取暖补贴，有招待补贴，有岗位补贴，全部加在一起，一年将近一万贯，按购买力折合成人民币，至少在600万元以上。那点儿年终奖跟他的薪水相比，简直不值一提。

In the northern song dynasty,Just the opposite with the eastern han dynasty,The old salary was very high,Award but little.Every year the winter solstice,The emperor to senior cadres are hair award,Prime minister/ShuMiShi and have sealed the king's minister,Each person only five sheep/5 rock/Two stone meters/Two yellow rice wine jar just.The song dynasty stone is 66 liters,Probably can pack a rice fifty kilograms,Pack noodles 30 kg,Two stone meters only 100 kg,Only 5 rock 150 kg,Combined with the five sheep,Support dead the value thousands of dollars.And the famous official zheng"Sit down south KaiFengFu ancient"when,Have a salary,For a meal,A beverage subsidies,A heating subsidies,Have served subsidies,A post subsidy,All together,One year nearly a rich,According to the purchasing power into renminbi,At least 6 million yuan of above.That some award to his salary than,It doesn't make any sense.

小官：卖废品自筹年终奖 Small officer:Sell scrap self-finance award

　　高级官员的年终奖，一般由朝廷发放，国家财政出钱，有时候甚至是皇帝亲自掏腰包给宠臣发红包。那些低级官员和些不入流的小吏，朝廷是不会给他们发红包的，其年终奖还需要另外想办法。

Senior officials of the award,The general issued by the court,National finance pay,Sometimes even the emperor himself dig down to minions us red envelopes.The lower officials and some dirty little collectors,Court is not to give them red envelopes full of cash,The award also need other ways to.

　　秦、汉、魏晋时期，公文不是写在纸上，而是写在竹简上，一份较长的公文，得用一堆竹简。等到公文写成，从这个部门传达到那个部门，怕竹简丢失，也怕有人篡改，得用口袋装起来，扎紧了，再糊上胶泥，盖上公章。另一个部门收到这个口袋，剥掉胶泥，把竹简倒出来，装竹简的这个口袋就成了废品。那时候装竹简的口袋有皮质的，有丝织的，也有麻布的，都能卖钱。大点儿的部门像负责监察百官的御史台，公文往来最多，攒的口袋也最多，到年底运到市场上卖掉，一个部门的办事员就都有年终奖了。南北朝以后，公文主要用纸张，鉴于传真机尚未问世，公文往来只能靠驿马运送，路上怕纸张磨损，还得用封套把公文装起来。这封套主要是布做的，史称“书囊”。有些穷衙门，旧书囊攒得多了，让裁缝改成衣服或者被单，过年时发给诸位同僚，虽然微薄寒酸，也算是一项年终奖。至于写公文用的纸张，每过一年半载，一定能攒下一大批，等过了保密期限，就能卖废品，卖得的钱，也能发年终奖。

qin/han/In wei-jin period,Document is not written on paper,But written in the bamboo,A long document,Have to a pile of bamboo.Wait until written document,From this department convey to that department,Fear of loss of bamboo,Also afraid someone manipulation,Have to pocket up,Lashes the,Then paste on cement,Under seal.Another department received the pocket,Strip off cement,Pour out the bamboo,Put the bamboo pocket will become a waste.Then put the pockets of bamboo have cortical,Is the silk,Also have linen,Can money.A bigger department responsible for the YuShiTai as ineffective,Document current the most,Save the most pocket,By the end of the year to sell in the market,A department staff will have the award.After the northern and southern dynasties,The main document with paper,In view of fax has not yet appeared,Document current can only rely on relay transport,The way fear paper wear,You need a covers the document pack up.It covers the main is made of cotton,History says"Book capsule".Some poor government,Old books capsule save much more,Let the tailor to clothes or sheets,On Chinese New Year to all colleagues,Although the little poor,Also be a year-end bonus.As for the written document with paper,Every in about a year,Can save a lot of,Wait until after the time of confidentiality,Can sell scrap,Fetch money,Can also send award.

　　唐朝和宋朝，都有那么一段时间，允许各“机关单位”向民间放高利贷。高利贷的本金，有朝廷拨付的“本钱”和“公用钱”，也有公务员[微博]们自己凑的集资款。上至六部，下至府县衙门，都把这些本金放出去。放贷的对象，主要是各单位辖区内的商人。放贷的期限，短则几天，长则一年。月息最低3%，而且是“驴打滚”的利滚利，利润相当可观。获得的利润，国家财政抽小头，本衙门留大头，大部分利息都存进了“小金库”，供领导调剂使用，一些钱用来吃喝玩乐，一些钱用到岁尾发年货、发红包。

Practical song dynasty,Have so a period of time,Allows each"Agency unit"To the folk usury.Usurious principal,The government has allocated"capital"and"Public money",Also have civil servants [micro bo] the JiZiKuan of gather together.Up to six,Down to FuXian yamen,The principal is put out.Lending object,Mainly is the units within the jurisdiction of businessman.Lending period,Short, a few days,Long is a year.The minimum monthly interest of 3%,And it is"Fried chop rice cake"Works by paying interest on interest,Considerable profit.profits,National finance smoke capitellum,The government kept big head,Most of the interest is put into the"A private coffer",For leadership regulate use,Some money to beer and skittles,Use some of the money we need for the tail and head of the hair/Us red envelopes.

　　做什么生意呢？造酒，造醋，投资房地产，贩卖私盐。酒、醋、盐，在大多数朝代都是专卖品，垄断经营，利润惊人。房地产生意，至少从晚唐就开始兴盛，晚唐的军阀、五代十国的将军、宋朝的王爷、明清两代的京官，很多人从事房地产开发。那时候的房产开发还很原始，其主要形式，就是在繁华地段买一块地皮，然后在上面盖门面房，盖好了，再对外出售或出租。像宋朝名将岳飞，在江西九江和浙江杭州，都经营过房地产，只是他很清廉，经营所得主要拿来补贴军用和兴办教育了，没放进私人腰包，也没有给下属发年终奖。但是别的文官武将可不像他这样高风亮节，他们贩卖私盐也好，走私别的违禁品也好，投资房地产也好，赔了，用公款冲账，赚了，自个儿笑纳，再给同僚和下属发点儿红包。

What to do the business?Made wine,Made vinegar,Investment real estate,Selling troduced.wine/vinegar/salt,In most dynasties is monopoly,Monopoly management,Profit amazing.Real estate business,At least from tang began to flourish,The warlords of the tang/The five dynasties ten general/Song dynasty duke/The Ming and qing dynasties JingGuan,A lot of people engaged in real estate development.The real estate development is still very original,The main form,Even in a busy section of buy a piece of land,Then on top cover appearance room,Cover good,For sale or lease again.Like the song dynasty general yue fei,In jiangxi jiujiang and zhejiang hangzhou,All run real estate,But he is very honest and upright,The main business income for subsidies in the military and education,Not into the private pockets,Also did not give subordinate hair award.But other civilian prince don't like him so noble and sterling integrity,They sell troduced all right,Other contraband or smuggling,Investment in real estate or,Compensate the,Strike a balance with public funds,made,Alone accept,Give colleagues and subordinates to send some red packets.

　　在唐朝，翰林分两种，一种是翰林学士，级别高，有机会起草任命书，有机会拿谢礼；一种是翰林待诏，级别低，起草任命书的活儿一般轮不到他们干。不过翰林待诏跟皇帝见面的机会多， 哪天逗皇帝高兴了，一不小心就能升大官。于是翰林待诏们定下了一个规矩：不管是哪个翰林待诏升官了，都得向没升官的翰林待诏交钱，升的官越大，交的钱就得越多。所以没升官的翰林待诏隔三差五就能有一笔进账，他们把这些钱存进“小金库”，到了岁末，每人分一份红包，高高兴兴回家去，开开心心过新年。

In the tang dynasty,Academician points two,One is the academician bachelor,Level high,Have the opportunity to draft appointment letter,Have the opportunity to take honorarium;One is for the letter,Level low,Drafting the appointment letter work general wheel less than they do.But the academician stay within a chance to meet up with the emperor more, Which day make the emperor happy,He can rise aga.So the academician the edict to set a custom:No matter what the academician stay within the promotion,All of the promotion to not to make money the edict,Litres of the official,The money is more.So no promotion for the academician of the letter from time to time, you can have a sum,They put the money into"A private coffer",To the end,Each of a red envelope,Go home happily,A happy New Year.

　　在现代社会，年终岁尾时，公司一般都会有一些福利发给员工，比如双薪，现金购物券等，表示一年以来对员工的辛勤付出的奖励。古代，皇帝们是否会对给他的臣子们发点“年终奖”表示表示呢？如果会，又将赏赐些什么给大臣呢？清朝皇帝多用荷包赏赐大臣。如《啸亭续录》载：乾嘉时期“岁暮时诸王公大臣皆有赐予； 御前大臣皆赐‘岁岁平安’荷包一”。

In the modern society,When the end of the tail and head of the,Companies usually have some benefits to employees,Such as double pay,Cash coupons, etc,Said a years of hard work to employees of the reward.The ancient,The emperor would go to give him the hair point"award"Said??if,And what will reward for secretary?The qing dynasty emperor multi-purpose pouch of reward.if[For record into the pavilion]load:Jiaqing period"At the close of the year the nobles is given; Minister of command is given‘peace’Pouch a".

　　这些荷包里包了什么吗？仅仅只是一个荷包吗？当然不是了，像现代人送红包，绝不会仅仅是个红包而已，它里面肯定还会有别的内容。古代也不例外，拿清朝前中期赐给蒙古王公的荷包来举例，每至岁末皇帝赐给蒙古亲王的那对大荷包里，一般装有各色玉石八宝一份；小荷包四对，内装金银八宝各一份；又小荷包一个，内装金银钱四枚，金银锞四枚。

These pouch in the bag?Only a pouch?Of course no longer,As modern give a red envelope,Never is only just a red envelope,It will also have other content.The ancient is no exception,Take the medium-term qing dynasty give Mongolia maharaja's pouch for example,Each end to the emperor gave the prince of Mongolia on the pouch,Are usually equipped with all kinds of jade eight treasures in a;Arriving packet four to,Built in gold and silver eight treasures in each one;Arriving and a bag,Built-in four pieces of gold and silver money,Four pieces of gold and silver Ke.

　　不仅是年终，甚至将领平时打了胜战，皇帝也会以荷包赏赐作为奖励。如《啸亭杂录》记载“进围丹东角洛，收复革境三百余里。事闻，上愈嘉奖，赐荷包宠异之。”

Is not only the end of,Even general usually play winning the war,The emperor also is met with pouch reward as a reward.if[Roar pavilion miscellany]records"In dandong's around the corner,Retrieve all leather in more than three hundred.Smell things,The reward on,Given the different pet pouch."