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Editor's note

　　近日，福建省出台新规，全面放开随迁子女异地高考(微博)，力争于2015年前，实现辖区内所有高中面向随迁子女开放招生。作为试点较早，将率先实现异地高考省份，人们在欢欣鼓舞之余仍普遍担心：教育资源有限、招录制度改革不到位、后续配套措施跟进难等问题均可能成为异地高考能否真正落地的系列掣肘因素。

In recent days,New rules of fujian province,Full liberalisation trailing children beyond the university entrance exam(weibo),Strive to 2015 years ago,Implement all open to trailing children high school recruit students within their respective jurisdictions.As a pilot earlier,Will take the lead to achieve the long-distance province college entrance examination,People still widespread concern in delight:Education resources co., LTD./Introduced the reform of the system is not in place/Further supporting measures follow up difficult issues are likely to become series hampered by factors beyond the college entrance examination can be truly fall to the ground.

　　“过完年准备带小孩来念书，一家人终于又可以团聚了！”在福州福兴投资区打工的重庆籍章纪荣最近心情特别舒畅。

"Over the years is going to take a child to study,The family can reunite again finally!"FuXing investment zone in fuzhou of chongqing ZhangJiRong recently mood is particularly happy.

　　老章的好心情来自福建的一项新规。日前福建省出台的《关于做好进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后在当地参加升学考试工作的实施意见》明确指出，从今年起，有条件的设区市辖区内所有高中面向随迁子女开放招生；随迁子女集中且高中资源较紧缺的设区市，力争于2015年前，实现辖区内所有高中面向随迁子女开放招生。

Old chapter a good mood from fujian new rules.Recently introduced in fujian province[Regarding rural migrant workers after trailing their children to receive compulsory education in local work implementation opinion in entrance examination]Made it clear,From this year,Conditional districts and municipal districts all open to trailing children high school recruitment of students;Trailing children focus on shortage of resources and high school is divided into districts of the city,Strive to 2015 years ago,Implement all open to trailing children high school recruit students within their respective jurisdictions.

　　“小学在福州读的，本想让孩子早点适应老家高考，去年迁回去，按照新规定，可在福建参加高考，孩子又能回到我们身边读书了！”老章和妻子已在福建打工十几年，由于孩子已上初中，未来在哪上高中考大学是夫妻俩最揪心的问题。对于福建新近发布的异地高考改革方案，他们深表拥护。

"Read primary school in fuzhou,Want their children to adapt to their hometown early college entrance examination,Moved back last year,Under the new rules,Can participate in fujian college entrance examination,Children can return to our side to read again!"Old zhang and his wife have been working more than ten years in fujian,As the children have been on the junior high school,Where the future is on the high examination of university is the most concern the problem of the couple.For fujian newly released beyond the college entrance examination reform,They are deeply embraced.

　　

由点到面逐步推进 Institution transference gradually

　　作为沿海省份，福建历来是人口流入大省，特别在用工越来越紧缺情况下，福建省积极构建良好用工环境，包括解决外来工子女教育问题。

As a coastal province,Fujian has been population into the province,Especially in shortage of labor is more and more cases,Fujian province actively build good employment environment,Including the migrant worker children education problem.

　　据福建省教育厅统计，2011至2012学年，福建省义务教育阶段学校共接收随迁子女67.8万人，小学53.9万人、初中13.9万人。其中外省务工人员随迁子女在小学有33.7万人、初中有8.2万人，占接收总数的62%。

According to the statistics of fujian province department of education,2011-2012 school year,Received trailing children compulsory education schools in fujian province 678000,Elementary school in 539000/139000 junior high school.Migrant workers from other provinces of trailing children in elementary school, 337000 people/Junior high school, 82000,62% of receiving.

　　为保障进城务工人员随迁子女平等接受义务教育，福建将其纳入全省中小学电子学籍系统统一管理。特别是在外来工最密集的泉州，2004年就出台了做好来泉务工人员子女接受义务教育工作若干意见，随迁子女入学以流入地政府为主负责，并以公办学校为主。目前，当地外来学生97%以上在公办学校就读，为保障外来学生及时入学，各级政府相当于建设了480所500人办学规模的中小学。

To protect children of rural migrant workers trailing equal access to compulsory education,Be included in the fujian province electronic registration system for unified management of primary and secondary schools.Especially in migrant workers the most densely populated in quanzhou,In 2004 was introduced to do a good job of migrant children to receive compulsory education to spring several opinions,Trailing entrance mainly defined the government responsible for their children,And is given priority to with public schools.At present,Foreign students more than 97% in local public schools,To ensure foreign students admission in a timely manner,Governments at all levels of the construction scale of more than 480 people in 480 primary and secondary schools.

　　随迁子女义务教育已不是问题。但由于不能在福建参加高考，大多数随迁子女回原籍就读高中。针对这些问题，福建省进行了探索，晋江荆山学校尝试与“川渝皖赣湘鄂贵”六省一市对接办学，用这些省的教材，请这些省的老师，让孩子们返乡顺利参加高考。

Trailing their children's compulsory education has not problem.But unable to attend the university entrance exam in fujian,Most of the trailing an ancestral home high school children.To solve these problems,Fujian province has explored,Jinjiang JingShan to school"Each WanGan offices, expensive"Docking six provinces and one city,In these provinces,These provincial teacher, please,Let the children back home to attend the university entrance exam smoothly.

　　2011年，福建在高招政策上迈出历史性一步，允许省内户籍考生在学籍地和户籍地中任选一地参加高考。2012年，福建省在“高职单招”中，首次允许外省务工人员随迁子女报考；同时，福建省中职院校优秀毕业生免试入读该省高职院校的1万个名额中，优秀外来务工人员随迁子女考生也可参与。

In 2011,,Fujian historic step in the entrance policy,Allows the residence in the province examinee in student status and choose one to attend the university entrance exam in the domicile.In 2012,,Fujian province in"Higher vocational single action"In the,Allow children trailing migrants from other provinces to enter oneself for an examination for the first time;At the same time,Secondary vocational schools in fujian province outstanding graduates an exemption in 10000 places of the province higher vocational colleges,Good children of migrant workers trailing candidates may also be involved in.

　　2012年福建省教育厅发布消息，决定从2014年起，凡在福建高中有3年完整学习经历的非户籍考生，可在福建就地报名参加普通高考，允许参加本科、专科层次录取，并与福建考生享受同等的录取政策。福建成为全国率先实现“异地高考”的省份之一。

In 2012 in fujian province education department,Decision since 2014,Where in fujian complete three years of high school learning experience of the household register,Available in fujian on the sign up for common the university entrance exam,Allowed to take part in the undergraduate course/Admission to the college level,And with the fujian examinee enjoy equal admission policy.Fujian become the country take the lead in implementation"Beyond the university entrance exam"One of the provinces.

　　此次新规被视为“异地高考”的具体实施，大大降低了“门槛”，仅要求考生拥有在福建高中3年连续学习经历和完整学籍，未对父母条件做出要求。

The new rules is considered"Beyond the university entrance exam"The concrete implementation,Greatly reduces the"threshold",Only students in fujian province has continuous learning experience and 3 years of high school student status complete,Parents conditions on a request.

　

　教育资源面临挑战 Education resources face challenges

　　“如此低的门槛，满足了外来务工人员多年来愿望，促进他们子女随迁就学，但对当前有限教育资源来说是一种挑战。”福州七中一位老师说。

"Such a low threshold,Meet the migrant workers desire for many years,Promote the trailing their children go to school,But that is a challenge for the limited education resources."Fuzhou in one teacher said.

　　据了解，这所学校地处福州城乡结合部，许多农民工子女在这里读书，“原来不少学生初中没念完就转回老家去了，高考放开后，他们不用回去了，还会促进更多农民工把子女随迁来就学。”记者了解到，目前不少原本打算回原籍地高考的随迁子女准备留下来。

We have learned,The school is located in fuzhou urban-rural fringe,Many migrant children read books here,"Originally many junior middle school students read and turned to return home,The university entrance exam after let go,They don't need to go back,Will also promote more migrant workers by trailing the children go to school."The reporter understands,At present many originally intended to return to their home to the university entrance exam of trailing children prepare to stay.

　　“福建的高招原本就激烈，考上重点大学几率本就低，高考放开后，这种竞争必将更激烈。”对于放开“异地高考”，本地一些家长表示担忧，“现在高考录取率虽很高，但一本录取率却很低！”

"Fujian's path to the already fierce,Admitted to a key university this chance is low,The university entrance exam after let go,This will be more competitive."To let go"Beyond the university entrance exam",Some parents said local concerns,"College entrance examination acceptance rate is very high now,But the acceptance rate is lower!"

　　记者了解到，目前政策中仅要求报名者有一定年限学习经历。尽管如此，还有一些随迁子女家长表示，鉴于福建重点院校录取率，不太愿意来福建高考移民。

The reporter understands,In current policy requires applicants only have a life of learning experience.In spite of this,There are some trailing children parents said,In view of the fujian province key school acceptance rate,Not too willing to fujian college entrance examination immigration.

　　低门槛对教育资源挑战加大。福州教育局有关人士表示，高中阶段教育资源本来就少，特别是上优质校更难，随迁孩子与本地户籍学生争夺有限的普高名额，矛盾将会日益凸显。“如果不加以引导和有序统筹，一些随迁子女较多的流入地教育资源将不堪重负，影响这些地方的教育发展，也会直接影响随迁子女在流入地平等接受教育的权利。”

Low threshold increased challenges to the education resources.Fuzhou education bureau officials said,High school education resources was less,It is harder to especially in high school,Trailing children with local household register students for limited corporation,Contradictions will be growing."If you don't be directed and in order to plan as a whole,Some children trailing more defined education resources will be overwhelmed,Affects the education development of these places,Will directly affect the trailing children in defined the equal access to education."

　　对于放开高考，教育部(微博)门底气在于福建省高考报名人数逐步减少，2009年以来，福建省连续4年出现高考报名人数下降。主要原因是适龄人口出生率下降，2012年高考人数再创新低，与去年比减少了近万人。如果外来工子女增加的话，可实现“一增一减”平衡。

To let go of the university entrance exam,The ministry of education(weibo)Door bottom spirit lies in the fujian province college entrance examination enrollment reduced gradually,Since 2009,For four years of college entrance examination enrollment decline in fujian province.The main cause is a decline in the working-age population birth rate,In 2012 the university entrance exam to new lows,With the ratio decreased by nearly ten thousand people last year.If migrant workers increased,Can be realized"One gain a minus"balance.

　　

如何从“上得了”到“上得好” How to go from"Have obtained a"To the"On the well"

　　目前，福建仍有8.5%的随迁子女在民办进城务工人员随迁子女学校就学。这些学校一定程度缓解了城区义务教育资源紧缺状况，但办学条件相对简陋，师资力量薄弱，教学质量不高。

At present,8.5% of the children of trailing in fujian are still run by the local rural migrant workers trailing school children.These schools to a certain extent eased the shortage of compulsory education resources in city,But relatively crude and operating conditions,Teachers strength weak,Teaching quality is not high.

　　为解决这一问题，福建于2012年起向民办进城务工人员随迁子女学校划拨人均公用经费，外来工子女就读这些民办学校将免学杂费。

To solve this problem,Fujian province in 2012, up to the private school children of rural migrant workers trailing allocating public funds per capita,Children of migrant workers at these private schools will be exempt from tuition and fees.

　　但对于公办教育资源本就紧缺的福建省，短期内无法解决这一问题。从师资方面，缺口大，教师负担过重，“放开高考，不仅直接影响高中，初中、小学也将受到间接影响。”专家指出，新政势必使得外来工子女大量流入，特别是沿海经济发达城市受的影响更大。据了解，此前福建一些地方由于接收外来工子女，原先教师超编的地方如今反成缺编。如泉州鲤城区江南第三中心小学，按标准应配备教师30人，现仅15人，另请代课教师14人。晋江、石狮二市教师编制缺口更大。

But for the public education resources in fujian province,In the short term can't solve this problem.From the aspects of teachers,Gap is big,Teachers' burden,"Let go of the university entrance exam,Not only directly affect the high school,Junior high school/Primary school will also indirectly affected."Experts point out that,The New Deal will inevitably makes the migrant workers children influx,Especially in the coastal economic developed cities affected by the greater.We have learned,After some places due to receive migrant workers children in fujian,Teachers exceed original place and now becomes a vacancy.Such as carp city of quanzhou jiangnan third central primary school,According to the standard should be equipped with teachers 30 people,Now only 15 people,The other substitute teachers 14 please.jinjiang/Shishi city, two teachers prepare the gap bigger.

　　“原来新区规划时，没有考虑到这些因素。按照现在的政策，教育容量明显不足。”以泉州丰泽区东海、城东片区为例，原来以18万人口规划配套相应教育资源，现人口已达几十万，外来工人口及其子女还在不断增加，原先规划的教育用地、学校数及规模已远远满足不了现实需求。

"The original new district planning,Without considering these factors.According to the policy now,Education capacity is obviously insufficient."In quanzhou okanagan valley area in the east China sea/East area for example,Originally a 180000 population planning corresponding education resources,Now has reached hundreds of thousands of people,Population of migrant workers and their children is growing,Original plan for education/School number and scale has far cannot satisfy the reality needs.

　　同时，由于外来工子女流动性大，给教育、教学和管理等方面工作带来很大难题。福州七中一名教师告诉记者，外来工子女随父母务工流动就读学校的改变比较大，何时走，何时来没法预测。这一方面使得当地教育行政部门难以科学规划教育事业发展，难以准确掌握外来工子女新学期就读具体人数，合理安排师资和经费；另一方面给学校教育教学和管理工作造成很大困难。

At the same time,Because of the children of migrant workers liquidity,To education/The teaching and management work to bring great difficulties.A teacher in fuzhou told reporters,Migrant workers children with parents working flow of your school change is larger,When to go,When to can't predict.This makes it hard for local administrative department of education scientific planning and education career development,New term is difficult to accurately grasp the migrant workers children attended the specific number,Reasonable arrangement of the teachers and funds;On the other hand caused great difficulties to the school education teaching and administration.

　　据介绍，开放异地高考，中考中招是最直接波及的一环。由“3年完整的高中学习经历”反推回来，随迁子女是否需要在福建参加中考进入本地高中等一系列问题浮出水面。对于这些具体条件，目前尚未明确。

According to introducing,Open beyond the university entrance exam,Examination of the effects is one of the most directly affected.By the"Complete 3 years of high school learning experience"The push back,Trailing whether children need to attend an examination in fujian into the local high school, and a series of problems emerged.For the specific conditions,Has yet to clear.

　　

统筹兼顾实现内外平衡 Balanced to achieve internal and external balance

　　专家认为，高中向随迁子女全部放开，是执行“异地高考”的实打实的措施，也表示了福建在这方面的决心。但由于在当前教育资源相于缺乏，这种“决心”面临挑战很大，一方面要让外来工子女真正享受到这种政策的好处，另一方面又得考虑本地生源的利益。

Experts say,High school to the trailing all let go of their children,Is to perform"Beyond the university entrance exam"The real measures,Also expressed in fujian in this determination.In current education due to lack of resources,This kind of"Determined to"Faced with challenges,On the one hand, let the children of migrant workers really enjoy the benefits of this policy,On the other hand, have to consider the interests of the local students.

　　增加教育资源无疑是根本措施，但在目前却无法一步到位。对此，要坚持以流入地政府管理为主原则，进一步落实政府行为。通过科学合理规划，优先留足教育用地。“做好预测，把外来工子女入学工作纳入当地经济社会发展规划，纳入教育事业发展的整体规划。”专家指出，外来工子女密集区要充分挖掘现有可利用公办教育资源，增建、扩建和改建一批公办学校，增加容量；在一些外来工子女较集中或预测将来可能较集中的新工业园区，规划时要有前瞻性，留足教育用地，并同步设置新的学校，充分解决外来工子女上学难的问题，避免老工业区教育容量不足的历史重演。在经费上，要按人均拨足教育经费。

Increase education resources is the fundamental measures,But can one pace reachs the designated position in the present.For this,To insist on the principle of mainly defined the government management,Further implement the government behavior.Through scientific and rational planning,Preferred standing education sites."anticipating,The migrant workers their children to school to work into the local economic and social development plan,Incorporated into the education career development planning as a whole."Experts point out that,Children of migrant workers concentration areas to fully tap the existing available public education resources,build/Expansion and rebuilt a number of public schools,Increase capacity;In some of the children of migrant workers is relatively concentrated or predict the future may be relatively concentrated new industrial park,When planning to proactive,Set aside land for education,Set up new schools and synchronization,Fully solve the problem of migrant workers their children to school difficult,Avoid the old industrial area by the lack of education capacity history repeat itself.On the money,According to per capita funds allocated sufficient education.

　　业内人士认为，政府应完善对随迁子女流入较多地区以接收规模大小为基础的补助政策，进一步加大中央对流入地政府财政支持力度。要统筹兼顾流入地城市的功能定位、产业结构布局和资源承载能力，允许各地制定符合本地实际的学生就学、升学实施办法。同时教育部等部门在编制高校招生指标时要充分考虑随迁子女接纳人数多省份的情况，增加高校招生指标，使当地户籍学生高校入学机会不受过多影响。

The personage inside course of study thinks,The government should perfect the trailing their children into more areas to receive size based on the subsidy policy,Further defined the government financial support by the central government.Make overall plans and take all factors into consideration to defined the function orientation of the city/Layout of industrial structure and resource carrying capacity,Allow formulated in conformity with the actual local around the students go to school/Measures for the implementation of enters a higher school.At the same time, the ministry of education and other departments in the college enrollment indicators should fully consider trailing children received a number of provinces,Increased college enrollment,Make local household register students college admission is not affected by too much.

　　此外，作为学校和教育主管部门，要给农民工子女就近就读以政策倾斜和教育关爱，抓好学籍管理，让长期在当地就读的农民工子女能享有本地学生升学等同等待遇。这样，既可以让农民工安心在该地工作，促进该地发展，又可能杜绝“高考移民”现象。

In addition,As the head of school and education department,For migrant children school near to policy tilt and love education,Pay special attention to the student status management,Offer long term in the local education of migrant children can enjoy the local student enters a higher school, etc. The same treatment.such,Can reassure migrant workers work in the area,Promote the development of the area,And may put an end to"The college entrance examination immigration"phenomenon.

　　（工人日报）

(Workers daily)