研究生教育收费阻挡“寒门学子”求学路？ Graduate education fee"Impoverished students"school?

　　——代表委员关注研究生教育收费制度 - on behalf of the committee on graduate education fee system

　　“公费研究生”将成为历史，取而代之的是“全面收费”和奖学金制度。这会否阻挡“寒门学子”的求学路？对研究生教育有何影响？正参加全国两会的代表委员给出了他们的观点。

"Free medical graduate student"Will become a thing of the past,Instead, the"Full charge"And the system of scholarship.Will that stop"Impoverished students"The school?Have any impact on postgraduate education?Are delegates to the national CPPCC members give their opinions.

　　2月初召开的国务院常务会议决定，从2014年秋季学期起，向所有纳入国家招生计划的新入学研究生收取学费。现阶段全日制学术学位研究生收费标准，原则上每年硕士生不超过8000元、博士生不超过1万元，全日制专业学位研究生以及已按规定实行收费政策的研究生暂执行原收费政策。

In early February at a state council executive meeting decided,Since fall 2014 semester,To all new first-year tuition fees into the national enrollment plan.Full-time academic degree postgraduate fees at present stage,In principle, master not more than $8000 a year/Doctoral student no more than 10000 yuan,Full-time professional degree graduate students, and has adopted a policy of charging by the regulation of the graduate student temporary execution of the original charge policy.

　　财政部、国家发展改革委、教育部近日印发的《关于完善研究生教育投入机制的意见》明确，从2012年秋季学期起，设立研究生国家奖学金，每年奖励4.5万名学生，其中：博士生1万名，奖励标准为每生每年3万元；硕士生3.5万名，奖励标准为每生每年2万元。

The ministry of finance/The national development and reform commission/Recently issued by the ministry of education[On perfecting the mechanism of graduate student education investment advice]clear,Since fall 2012 semester,Set up a national scholarship for graduate students,Reward 45000 students every year,Among them:PhD, 10000,Reward standard 30000 yuan a year for each student;Master 35000,Reward standard 20000 yuan a year for each student.

　　意见还明确，从2014年秋季学期起，我国现有的研究生普通奖学金将调整为研究生国家助学金，用于补助研究生基本生活支出，覆盖全国研究生招生计划内的所有全日制研究生。博士生资助标准不低于每生每年10000元，硕士生资助标准不低于每生每年6000元。

Opinion is clear,Since fall 2014 semester,By our current graduate student scholarship will adjust the national scholarships to graduate students,Basic living expenses for graduate students,Cover all full-time graduate students graduate admissions program across the country.PhD funding standard every lay not less than 10000 yuan a year,Postgraduate funding standard every lay not less than 6000 yuan a year.

　　有代表认为，公费研究生是计划经济的产物，研究生教育并非义务教育，收费是合理做法。事实上，此前厦门大学、武汉大学等高校已经试点研究生教育收费。

The representative thinks,Free medical graduate student is the product of planned economy,Postgraduate education is not compulsory education,Charge is reasonable.In fact,,After xiamen university/Wuhan university and other colleges and universities have pilot postgraduate education fees.

　　但也有观点认为，“全面收费”将迫使“寒门学子”放弃考研考博，拉大不同收入群体在受教育方面的差距，有损教育公平。

But also has a view,"Full charge"Will force"Impoverished students"Give up one's deceased father grind test abundantly,Widen the gap between different income groups in terms of the education,Damage to education fair.

　　全国人大代表、东北师范大学校长刘益春说，“取消公费”，应看到这只是研究生培养机制改革的一部分。

The National People's Congress/Northeast normal university President LiuYiChun said,"Cancel to public",Should see this is only part of the reform of postgraduate cultivation mechanism.

　　“建立健全收费制度是与完善财政拨款制度、完善奖助政策体系配套进行，绝不只是简单取消公费，而是一项系统改革工程。”刘益春说，取消公费后，其他配套措施需要跟上。否则，提升研究生培养水平的目的就难以达到，而且有可能不利于寒门学子，影响教育公平。

"Establishing and perfecting the charging system is to improve the system of financial allocation/Perfect the policy system for supporting,Not simply cancel at public expense,But a system reform project."LiuYiChun said,After cancel the public,Other measures need to keep up with.otherwise,Enhance the level of graduate education is difficult to achieve the purpose of,And may not conducive to impoverished students,Influence the education fair.

　　全国政协委员、新疆师范大学副校长牛汝极介绍，新疆师范大学今年第一次设立国家奖学金，但全校只有40个。总体算来，全校只有约一半硕士生能够拿到从国家到地方的各类奖学金。他认为，奖励比例应当上调，减少自付费用。

The CPPCC national committee/Xinjiang normal university, vice President of your pole is introduced,Xinjiang normal university set up a national scholarship for the first time this year,But the school only 40.The overall rate,The school only about half the master will be able to get from the country to places of all kinds of scholarship.He thinks that,Reward ratio should be raised,Reduce out-of-pocket expenses.

　　刘益春建议，国家应对经济欠发达地区的研究生教育拨款适当给予一定的补助，并建立健全由政府、学校和社会三方构成的奖助体系，扩大助学金的覆盖面。此外，国家应积极采取减免税收等措施鼓励企业和社会团体、个人捐助，设立奖助学基金，奖励和资助研究生完成学业。

LiuYiChun advice,Countries cope with economic less developed areas of graduate student education grant appropriate offer certain subsidy,And set up a sound by the government/Schools and society three parties constitute a system of grants,Expand the coverage of financial aid.In addition,Countries should actively take tax cuts and other measures to encourage enterprises and social organizations/Individual contributions,Establish JiangZhuXue fund,Incentives and funding for graduate students complete their studies.

　　“研究生教育本不是免费午餐。”牛汝极说，过去学生仅凭入学成绩来决定其是否能享受2年或3年公费研究生待遇，这容易让学生入校后丧失进取心，奖助学金等制度能在一定程度上形成竞争，提升教育质量。

"Postgraduate education is not a free lunch."Cow said you very,Past students admission scores alone to determine whether they can enjoy 2 years or 3 years free medical graduate students,It is easy to let the students offered admission after the loss of enterprise,Scholarships and other system can form a competition to a certain extent,Improving the quality of education.

　　刘益春认为，除了调动学生积极性，全面收费或将从多方面影响研究生教育：长期看会在一定程度上增加研究生教育经费的投入，有助改善研究生教育办学条件；学生会更慎重地考虑是否接受研究生教育，选择自己向往的学校和专业，有助于培育一批爱专业、有兴趣、有学术追求的学生；有助于增强学校和导师的服务意识，让学校和导师投入更多的时间、经历和资源。

LiuYiChun think,In addition to arouse the enthusiasm of students,Full fee or will affect the postgraduate education from many aspects:The long term will increase to a certain extent, the graduate education funds investment,Help to improve the graduate student education and operating conditions;Students more carefully consider whether to accept the graduate education,Choose their dream schools and professional,Help to foster a batch of love/Are interested in/Students with academic pursuit;Help to enhance the school and tutor service consciousness,Schools and teachers spend more time/Experience and resources.

　　此外，三部门意见还指出，从2014年秋季学期起，设立研究生学业奖学金，向基础学科和国家亟须的学科倾斜。刘益春认为，这种适度倾斜也是教育均衡的考量。(记者 陈炜伟 王晓明 张辛欣)

In addition,Three departments opinion also pointed out,Since fall 2014 semester,Postgraduate academic scholarships,Subject disciplines and countries need to tilt.LiuYiChun think,This moderate tilt is also education equilibrium considerations.(The reporter Chen Huiwei wang Zhang Xinxin)