“没给导师凑过发票？研究生白念了。”在北京一所重点高校的科技活动研讨会上，研二学生杨宁（化名）的一句话引起了全场的骚动。

"Didn't give teacher a invoice?The graduate student calls."A key university of science and technology activities in Beijing conference,A second student Yang Ning(Not his real name)Of cause the disturbance of the whole.

　　会议随之从念发言稿跳到自由发言环节：为了评上教授级职称、学科带头人、人才工程的成员，自己的导师如何拿课题经费，削减脑袋，跑关系；为了申报科研项目，导师又是如何走门路，请客送礼，多方打点……他们还抱怨，在这些“看不上眼”的“工作”中，导师又安排自己干了什么。

Meeting then from read speeches to free speech:In order to judge on professor title/The leader/Talent members of the project,His mentor how to get the project funding,Cut the head,Run relationship;In order to declare research projects,Mentors way how to go,gift-giving,Many get set up...They also complain,In these"Does eye"the"work"In the,Mentor and arrange themselves do.

“坏”导师为何反而变得抢手 "The bad"Why do tutor become hot

　　一场本是对学生科研项目的研讨，最后演变成对自己导师的“讨伐”，言辞之激烈让在座的多家媒体记者触目惊心，以至于现场负责活动的工作人员不得不中途打断，直接进入总结发言。

A book is a scientific research project of discussion for students,Finally become a mentor"A crusade",Words so fierce here has several reporters,So that the scene is responsible for the activities of the staff had to interrupt,Directly into the summary statement.

　　杨宁告诉记者，一些导师给学生派的活儿，一看就知道不是基础研究，而是一些外包公司，甚至是导师本人公司的项目。因为涉及商业、专利等问题，学生很难发文章，但是，“为了讨好导师还是要干”。至于为何要“讨好”导师则不言而喻，论文生杀大权在其手里。

Yang Ning told reporters,Some of the teacher to the student's work,A look at will know that is not a basic research,But some outsourcing company,Even the company's project director.Because of the business involved/Patent issues,Students are difficult to post,but,"To curry favor with the supervisor is to be done".As to why"please"Mentor is self-evident,Paper life and death power in its hands.

　　学生也有被“逼急”的时候，早些年轰动一时的上海某高校9博士生炒掉博导就是如此导师长期让学生为自己的公司做项目，而疏于对学生本身学业的指导。

Students also have been"Forcing nasty"The time of,Earlier years hit Shanghai fire 9 doctoral tutors in colleges and universities is so teacher let the students do in their company for a long time,The failure itself academic guidance for students.

　　然而，这只是一个极端的情况，当时就有人不无“遗憾”地评论道，这位博士生导师太不会做人，如果他能在学生给自己干私活儿的基础上，分配一些可以做出文章的题目来，也不至于到此地步。

however,This is an extreme case,There was a man who is at that time"sorry"To the comments,The tutor is not to be,If he can on the basis of students to their private work,Some of articles can be made subject to distribution,Not to the point.

　　当然，渐渐地，杨宁也意识到，有些“技能”，于他本人走向社会，不无“好处”，比如会凑发票，比如会找路子。“我也知道不太好，但这是一种技能，必须要掌握，”他笑了笑继续说，“我只能说，学会了不一定用。”

Of course,,Little by little,Yang Ning also aware of that,Some of the"skills",In himself to the society,It is"The benefits",Such as will invoice,Such as will find a way."I also don't know well,But it is a skill,Must want to master,"He smiled continued,"I can only say that,Learned to not use."

　　事实上，经过大学本科4年的锻炼，学生“利己”的苗头已经显现。

In fact,,Through the exercise of university undergraduate course four years,students"self-interest"Signs have been revealed.

　　研一新生开学抢导师是一个典型的例子。不少接受采访的研究生表示，一般情况下，“坏”导师反而变得十分抢手，因为，在学生们看来，他们能从这类导师那里学到社会上必备的技能，拿到足够的经费，发表足够分量的文章。

Research a new school mentor is a typical example.Many graduate students interviewed said,Under normal circumstances,"The bad"Mentor has become very hot,Because of the,According to the students,They can be learned from the class teacher skills essential to society,Get enough money,Publishing the articles which sufficient weight.

　　抢导师时，送礼请吃饭是常用的招数。研三学生李蒙告诉记者，他“搞掂”导师就花了一番心思：先找一位了解导师的师兄，在饭桌上就把导师的基本资料、喜好、忌讳搞得一清二楚，然后再去找导师，又让“未来师兄”在导师面前“敲敲边鼓”，最后终于如愿以偿。

Rob tutor,Please eat is a common trick with a gift.Research three students Li Meng told reporters,he"elude"It took some ingenuity of the instructor:To find a understand teacher's brother,The tutor's basic information on the table/Be fond of/Taboo to get loud and clear,And then to find mentors,And let the"The future senior"In front of the teacher"these",Finally get it.

　　相比之下，那些默默无闻、专攻学术的导师则是“门前冷落车马稀”。一位已经毕业的研究生告诉记者，他的导师在院系内“口碑极差”，“一天到晚只知道报告和数据，还没做出什么名堂来”，其他教师基本不愿同他打交道。其结果是，3年来，这位导师只招了他一名研究生。

By contrast,The unknown/Specializing in academic advisor is"Left in front of the horses and chariots loose".One has already out of graduate school told reporters,His mentor within the departments"Word of mouth is poor","Day and night just know that report and data,Didn't do what",Other teachers basic don't want to deal with him.The result is,For three years,The teacher just called him a graduate student.

　　更为重要的是，当这位学生想回母校读个在职博士时，他发现，报上硕士生导师的名字，负责报名的工作人员都会摇着头说，“你这博士估计没人愿收”。

Even more important,When the students want to read his a Ph.D,He found that the,The name of master tutor,Is responsible for the registration of workers said shaking his head,"You this Dr Estimates that nobody will accept".

为学分为保研为户口学生科研项目做假动机各异 To study can be divided into insurance research do false motives vary for registered permanent residence student research projects

　　浙江大学校长杨卫院士就曾公开表示，导师与学生的关系已经到了一个恶性互动的地步，并给出导师“十戒”的说法，其中前两条就是戒“光当老板”和“尽做监工”。

Zhejiang university President 39:1098 academician has said publicly,Teacher and student relationship has come to the point where a vicious interaction,And mentor"Ten commandments"The statement,The first two is quit"Light when the boss"and"Do do the supervisor".

　　以“光当老板”来说，导师申请来的一个项目动辄几十万元，甚至上千万元，但一些导师并不按规定给学生下发“劳务费”，只是象征性给每月300元到上千元不等就把学生打发了，而科研项目上未尽的费用则多数进了导师个人腰包。如此，学生一方面抱怨自己的“劳务费”过少，另一方面在看明白导师这一行为的同时，会埋下自己将来也要“使坏”的种子。

In order to"Light when the boss"for,Mentor application to a project frequently hundreds of thousands of yuan,Even tens of millions of yuan,But some of the teacher is not in accordance with the provisions, issued to the student"labor",Symbolic for 300 yuan a month to send students to thousands of yuan,And the fees not mentioned on the scientific research project is most into the teacher personal pocket.so,Students on the one hand, complains of his"labor"Too little,On the other hand the behavior at the same time see a mentor,Buried himself also want to in the future"Or cheat"The seeds of.

　　当然，一些大学的“锻造”作用并不止于此。近些年被媒体诟病盛行“官场之风”的一些高校的学生会、学生社团，也为学生提供了练就这种功夫的最好场所。

Of course,,Some of the university of"forging"And more than that.In recent years by media for being popular"The wind of officialdom"Some of the students in colleges and universities/Student associations,Also provides students with practice this kung fu is the best place.

　　然而，即便是在学生科研这一探索未知的活动中，其动力也多源自于那些已知的功利导向上拿学分、保研、户口加分等等。

however,Even the students on the scientific research of the unknown activities,Its power also comes from those known more utilitarian orientation on credit/Keep study/Account points, etc..

　　最新颁布的《国家大学生创新性实验计划项目》明确提出，该项目注重“研究过程”而非“研究成果”。

The latest issued by the[National college students innovation experiment program]Clearly put forward,The project focus on"The research process"Rather than"Research results".

　　然而，学生自身参与的动机却有些不尽人意。浙江大学一份有关大学生科研训练计划（SRTP）的调查显示，当被问及参加该科技项目的主要目的时，选择最多的是获得第二课堂学分，占46.3%；其次是锻炼科研能力，占40%。该项目组分析，近一半的学生把获得第二课堂学分作为参与科技项目的主要目的，体现的是学分对活动的激励，但更是科技项目自身过多依赖外部激励而非内生兴趣的表现。

however,Students' participation motivation was somewhat disappointing.A zhejiang university on college students' scientific research training plan(SRTP)The investigation shows that,When asked for the main purpose of the project of science and technology,Choose one of the most is the second classroom for credits,Accounted for 46.3%;Secondly, training scientific research ability,Accounted for 40%.The project team analysis,Nearly half the students won the second class credits as the participate in science and technology the main purpose of the project,Incentives to reflects the credit event,But relying too much on the external motivation is more science and technology project itself rather than a manifestation of the endogenous interest.

　　北京一所高校大四学生王青（化名）告诉记者，每年到选课时，身边的同学都会“拼了命”地选修带有科研项目的课程，有的甚至让学长提前帮着“占坑”，原因就是为了“拿学分”，而这样的学分也相对“好拿”。

A Beijing university seniors Wang Qing(Not his real name)Told reporters,When choosing courses to every year,Students will be around you"Break my neck"Elective courses with a scientific research project,Some even make senior help in advance"Of pit",Reason is that in order to"Take credit for",And such credits"Good to take".

　　记者在一些高校院系中查阅本科生选课表时发现，带有学分的学生科研项目，通常是3学分，高的就达到4学分。对于这样的课程，导师给的成绩也不低。

Journalists refer to undergraduate courses in some colleges and table is found,Student research projects with credits,Usually 3 credits,High up to 4 credit hours.For such courses,Instructor to grade is not low.

　　但是，要想让导师给高分，往往会出现这样一种情况，即一些学生所抱怨的“自己申请的课题往往是导师一个大项目的子课题”。而所花费的经费，则还是学校专门拨款给学生科研项目的。这又同时再次让一些学生受到了老师“坏”的教育。

but,If you want to let teacher give high marks,Often appear such a situation,Some students complain"His application for project supervisor is often a big projects corpus".And the amount of money,Earmarks, or school for student research projects.This also let some students by the teacher again"The bad"The education of.

　　针对一些全国性的科技赛事，不少在京的高校还有类似这样的规定：如果参加省级及以上的科技竞赛，所修读的课程可以进行加分，加分后的成绩不超过以下标准：考试成绩低于50分的，上限为70分；考试成绩在50~60分的上限为80分；考试成绩在61分以上的，上限为95分。

According to some national science and technology competition,Many colleges and universities in Beijing have such rules:If you participated in the science and technology competitions at the provincial level and above,Enrolled in the course can add cent,Points after the result is less than the following standards:Test scores less than 50 points,Up to 70 points;Test scores in 50 ~ 60 points up to 80 points;Test scores above 61 points,Up to 95 points.

　　更为吸引人的还有，即便是上海落户的评分标准，也包括科技加分的硬性规定，《非上海生源高校毕业生进沪就业评分办法》称，“经认定的国际性比赛或上述全国性比赛奖项一等奖可加10分，二等奖8分，三等奖6分，全国性地方奖项则依次是5分、3分和1分。”此外，有关专利证书等方面的加分也有涉及。

There are more attractive,Even if is located in Shanghai scoring criteria,Also includes the technology points of the hard and fast rules,[The Shanghai students college graduates employment rate in Shanghai]According to,"As the recognized international competition or the national award first prize can add 10 points,Second prize of eight points,Third prize 6 points,National awards in turn is 5 points/3 and 1."In addition,Relevant patent certificate, etc, plus there are involved.

从“世风日下”到“学风沦落” 科教界呼唤科学道德诚信体系 From the"however"To the"Style of study decline" KeJiaoJie calls scientific moral credit system

　　以前说，一些大学生参加社团活动愈加功利化，如今，连做科研项目也是如此。为什么会这样？

Used to say,Some college students to participate in community activities more and more utilitarian,now,Even do so is a scientific research project.Why is this so?

　　“中国的大学病了。”不少教育学者这般呐喊，并将大学之病归结于整个社会的浮躁：以前是世风日下，如今高校象牙塔也不免被侵蚀，学风自然沦落。

"China's university is ill."Many education scholars so cry,And university of disease due to the fickleness of the whole society:Used to be the world,Now the ivory tower of colleges and universities may also be eroded,Style of study of natural reduced.

　　中国科学院院士、北京理工大学校长胡海岩分析，现在大学决策层重视建章立制，规范教育，查处各种失范问题，院系层面也重视学术导向。但这样一些举措的效果目前还差强人意教师对规则都是熟悉的，但急功近利的态势并没有根本扭转；学生经过教育后知晓规则，但每年还是会发现有作弊现象，高技术作弊手段也越来越多。

Member of Chinese academy of sciences/Beijing institute of technology university President Hu Haiyan analysis,Building rules and regulations now university attaches importance to decision makers,Standard education,Investigate various anomie problems,Also attaches great importance to the academic guidance department level.But that the effect of some measures is still poor teachers are familiar with the rules,But there is no fundamental change of posture and;After education students know the rules,But every year or cheating will be found,More and more high-tech cheating means.

　　换句话说，在知晓规则和利害关系的情况下，如果有更大的利益在引导着老师和学生，他们一定还会想办法钻尽现有规则的空子。

In other words,In the case of known rules and interested,If there is a greater interest in guiding the teacher and students,They must also think of some way to take advantage of the loopholes in the all existing rules.

　　从这个意义上来说，如果一味地探讨如何提高学生或教师的道德水平，或许显得有些治标不治本。

In this sense,If blindly to explore how to improve the moral level of a student or teacher,May seem to be some take temporary solution not effect a permanent cure.

　　问题的关键还是落到了“利益引导”上，而这里的引导并不仅仅是科教界论文或职称评价导向，更是指整个社会大风气。胡海岩说，在当前急功近利的社会，各种坑蒙拐骗，突破道德底线的行为，不可避免地会对师生产生重要的影响；各种没有任何规范的“增刊”、“文集”、“编著”，也在诱惑学者。

The crux of the problem or fell"Interest to guide"On the,Where guidance is not just KeJiaoJie thesis or professional titles evaluation guidance,Refers to the entire social ethos.Hu Haiyan said,In the current of society,Various're incapable,Break through the moral bottom line,Inevitably will have important influence on the teachers and students;Without any specifications"supplement"/"The corpus"/"by",Scholars also in temptation.

　　一个明显的例子是，当下高校课程设置奉行的就是社会上流行的实用主义原则，“一切为了就业”已成了不二法则凡是与就业关系不大的专业、课程，不是被砍，就是无人问津；反之则无比吃香。

An obvious example is,The present curriculum of colleges and universities is popular social pragmatism pursues,"All for the job"Has become the no 2 law that is not professional and employment relations/course,Instead of being cut down,Is neglected;Vice is very popular.

　　于是，有人将此戏称为高校产业化、工业化以前高校是走在社会前面，现在是跟在后面跑。

so,Someone put this nicknamed the industrialization of universities/Pre-industrial university is walking in front of the society,Now it is running behind.

　　钱理群曾以其亲身遭遇说明此种现象的严重性。2007年暑假，他在一个大学师资培训班上讲完课，一位大学老师向他提出了一个要求，要其举例说明：他的鲁迅课对学生今后就业有什么促进作用。他听了大吃一惊，一时语塞，甚至有点手足无措，感觉心在隐隐作痛。他感慨道，今天的大学，真的成了蔡元培先生所说的“养成资格之所”，“贩卖知识之所”，成了“职业培训班”了。

Qian Liqun had its first hand experience suggests this the seriousness of the phenomenon.In 2007 the summer vacation,He finished his class teacher training course in a university,A teacher of university put forward a request to him,To illustrate:His LuXunKe to student employment in the future what role.He listened to surprise,Was speechless,Even I was at sea,Feel the heart is aching.He regrets way,Today's college,Really became Mr CAI yuanpei said"Form a qualification","Selling knowledge",Became a"Vocational training"the.

　　中国工程院院士、中国工程院原副院长杜祥琬也在感慨，当下一些高校的科研和教学环境，是单位追求排名、荣誉；个人追求评价、利益、金钱、权力；其结果必然导致钻营、急功近利、关系学充斥；时间精力花在运作、包装、应付评估，甚至造假、剽窃等，不择手段；恶性竞争，互相排斥，无诚信可言，却仍自我安慰“社会都是这样”。

The Chinese academy of engineering/, vice President of the Chinese academy of the original Du Xiang wan is sigh with emotion,Now some colleges and universities scientific research and teaching environment,Is a pursuit of rankings/honor;Personal pursuit of evaluation/The interests of the/money/power;Their results are bound to lead to hack/Get rich quick/Relations with;Time and energy spent on operations/The packing/To cope with assessment,Even fake/Plagiarism, etc.,By hook or by crook;Vicious competition,Repel each other,,No credibility,But still comfort themselves"Society is always the same".

　　对此，这位老院士很无奈，“当下并无十分有效的建议”，但是一个明确的方向是，“学术环境、学术生态”的再造是紧迫而具战略性的。他告诉记者，快速发展中的中国，客观上对人才和创新成果有很强的需求，与此同时，处在社会转型阶段，信仰缺失、诚信缺失、体制性弊端的大环境问题，在教育界、科技界有深刻而普遍的反映。那么，整个科教界都需要下大力气构建以自律为核心、教育、制度、文化、法制、监督相结合的科学道德诚信体系。

For this,The old fellow is very helpless,"Now there is no very effective Suggestions",But is a clear direction,"Academic environment/Academic environment"The reconstruction is urgent and strategic.He told the reporters,Rapid development in China,Objective achievements have a strong demand for talent and innovation,At the same time,In the phase of social transformation,Lack of faith/honesty/Institutional drawbacks of environment problems,In education/Technology has deep and widespread.then,The whole KeJiaoJie need to strive to build self-discipline as the core/education/system/culture/The rule of law/Supervision of combining the scientific moral credit system.